生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 950-959. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020486
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
收稿日期:
2020-12-30
接受日期:
2021-04-02
出版日期:
2021-07-20
发布日期:
2021-04-22
通讯作者:
* E-mail: miaobaige@xtbg.org.cn; pengyq@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
Lang Yi1,2, Yakun Dong2, Baige Miao2*(), Yanqiong Peng2*()
Received:
2020-12-30
Accepted:
2021-04-02
Online:
2021-07-20
Published:
2021-04-22
Contact:
* E-mail: miaobaige@xtbg.org.cn; pengyq@xtbg.ac.cn
摘要:
位于滇西北的高黎贡山是全球生物多样性研究和保护的热点地区之一, 然而该地区昆虫多样性缺乏系统调查和总结。本研究聚焦蝴蝶类群, 考虑该区域高山峡谷特点, 结合海拔梯度、生境类型和季节变化, 采用样线法调查、分析蝴蝶物种多样性及群落结构变化。结果显示: 共观测记录到蝴蝶2,055只, 隶属于5科85属151种, 在历史记录上新增27种, 使该地区已知蝴蝶种类达488种; 其中蛱蝶科物种多样性最高, 灰蝶科次之, 凤蝶科最低。蝴蝶群落多样性分析结果表明: 中海拔1,000-2,000 m区域种类丰富、多样性指数最高; 低海拔区蝴蝶分布明显聚集, 并且与高海拔地区空间上分离, 少有重叠。该地区不同生境中蝴蝶的种类及数量差异也较大, 物种数及多样性指数在自然保护区最高、边缘交错带居中及农业种植区最低。此外, 蝴蝶的种类和数量也存在季节差异, 春季调查到的个体数少, 夏季观察到的物种数少, 两年秋季调查到的物种丰富度、多样性均高, 但存在季节内变化。总之, 高黎贡山地区不同海拔、生境、季节间和季节内蝴蝶群落组成有自身特点, 共存物种有限, 蝴蝶群落相似性低。综合评估分布于该地区的蝴蝶保护种类, 包括易危种17种、近危种50种, 有国家二级保护蝴蝶3种。本研究弄清了高黎贡山地区蝴蝶的物种本底, 并调查获得其多样性随海拔、生境和季节变化的模式, 为加强区域物种多样性监测、保护生物多样性提供了科学依据。
易浪, 董亚坤, 苗白鸽, 彭艳琼 (2021) 云南高黎贡山地区蝴蝶群落多样性. 生物多样性, 29, 950-959. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020486.
Lang Yi, Yakun Dong, Baige Miao, Yanqiong Peng (2021) Diversity of butterfly communities in Gaoligong region of Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 29, 950-959. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020486.
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genus | 个体数 No. of individuals | 物种丰富度 Species richness | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 10 | 945 | 23 ± 3.39 | 9.03 ± 0.34 | 6.05 ± 0.26 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 5 | 129 | 10 ± 3.72 | 4.13 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.30 |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 29 | 416 | 44 ± 17.86 | 20.09 ± 1.34 | 13.67 ± 0.94 |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 31 | 549 | 63 ± 12.20 | 26.25 ± 1.66 | 15.50 ± 1.06 |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 10 | 16 | 11 ± 7.79 | 10.04 ± 5.73 | 9.14 ± 6.18 |
表1 云南高黎贡山地区蝴蝶群落多样性指数(平均值 ± 标准误)
Table 1 Diversity indices of butterfly communities in Gaoligong region of Yunnan (mean ± SE)
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genus | 个体数 No. of individuals | 物种丰富度 Species richness | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 10 | 945 | 23 ± 3.39 | 9.03 ± 0.34 | 6.05 ± 0.26 |
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 5 | 129 | 10 ± 3.72 | 4.13 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.30 |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 29 | 416 | 44 ± 17.86 | 20.09 ± 1.34 | 13.67 ± 0.94 |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 31 | 549 | 63 ± 12.20 | 26.25 ± 1.66 | 15.50 ± 1.06 |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 10 | 16 | 11 ± 7.79 | 10.04 ± 5.73 | 9.14 ± 6.18 |
因素 Factors | 个体数 No. of individuals | 物种丰富度 Species richness | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | < 1,000 | 887 | 63 ± 26.54 | 17.46 ± 1.08 | 8.13 ± 0.52 |
1,000-2,000 | 1,020 | 106 ± 20.89 | 40.59 ± 1.90 | 21.87 ± 1.44 | |
> 2,000 | 148 | 38 ± 10.97 | 21.93 ± 2.77 | 14.11 ± 2.12 | |
生境 Habitat | 保护区 Reserve | 375 | 83 ± 19.93 | 45.81 ± 3.37 | 30.07 ± 2.49 |
边缘交错带 Ecotone | 659 | 80 ± 9.68 | 38.44 ± 1.92 | 23.88 ± 1.43 | |
农业种植区 Farm | 1,021 | 75 ± 30.83 | 22.25 ± 1.02 | 11.59 ± 0.73 | |
季节 Season | 2019秋季 Autumn | 977 | 99 ± 38.64 | 28.00 ± 1.54 | 12.64 ± 0.88 |
2020春季 Spring | 271 | 49 ± 5.29 | 19.11 ± 1.93 | 8.66 ± 1.10 | |
2020夏季 Summer | 338 | 42 ± 11.67 | 18.10 ± 1.36 | 10.62 ± 1.07 | |
2020秋季 Autumn | 469 | 67 ± 11.62 | 38.16 ± 2.09 | 26.70 ± 1.73 |
表2 云南高黎贡山地区不同海拔、生境和季节蝴蝶群落的多样性(平均值 ± 标准误)
Table 2 Diversity indices of butterfly communities in different altitudes, habitats and seasons in Gaoligong region of Yunnan (mean ± SE)
因素 Factors | 个体数 No. of individuals | 物种丰富度 Species richness | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | < 1,000 | 887 | 63 ± 26.54 | 17.46 ± 1.08 | 8.13 ± 0.52 |
1,000-2,000 | 1,020 | 106 ± 20.89 | 40.59 ± 1.90 | 21.87 ± 1.44 | |
> 2,000 | 148 | 38 ± 10.97 | 21.93 ± 2.77 | 14.11 ± 2.12 | |
生境 Habitat | 保护区 Reserve | 375 | 83 ± 19.93 | 45.81 ± 3.37 | 30.07 ± 2.49 |
边缘交错带 Ecotone | 659 | 80 ± 9.68 | 38.44 ± 1.92 | 23.88 ± 1.43 | |
农业种植区 Farm | 1,021 | 75 ± 30.83 | 22.25 ± 1.02 | 11.59 ± 0.73 | |
季节 Season | 2019秋季 Autumn | 977 | 99 ± 38.64 | 28.00 ± 1.54 | 12.64 ± 0.88 |
2020春季 Spring | 271 | 49 ± 5.29 | 19.11 ± 1.93 | 8.66 ± 1.10 | |
2020夏季 Summer | 338 | 42 ± 11.67 | 18.10 ± 1.36 | 10.62 ± 1.07 | |
2020秋季 Autumn | 469 | 67 ± 11.62 | 38.16 ± 2.09 | 26.70 ± 1.73 |
图1 高黎贡山地区不同海拔、生境、季节蝴蝶群落α和β多样性
Fig. 1 Alpha and beta diversity patterns of butterfly communities among different altitudes, habitats, seasons in Gaoligong region
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