城市化对深圳地区河流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落物种多样性和功能多样性的影响机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2025135

生物多样性

城市化对深圳地区河流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落物种多样性和功能多样性的影响机制

刘振元^1,2, 周婷婷¹, 王伟民^3,4,5, 韩博平¹, 谢志才^2*

1暨南大学生态学系/水生生物研究中心, 广州 510632

2中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072

3广东省深圳生态环境监测中心站, 广东深圳 518049

4广东大湾区区域生态环境变化与综合治理国家野外科学观测研究站, 广东深圳 518049
5 国家生态质量综合监测站广东深圳城市站, 广东深圳 518049

收稿日期:2025-04-11 修回日期:2025-06-21 接受日期:2025-10-06
通讯作者: 谢志才
基金资助:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金面上项目(2024A1515012243)、珠江流域渔业资源与栖息地调查(ZJZX-08)和中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M751124)

Impacts and driving mechanisms of urbanization on taxonomic and functional diversity of river macroinvertebrates in Shenzhen, South China

Zhenyuan Liu^1,2, Tingting Zhou¹, WeiMin Wang^3,4,5, Bo-Ping Han¹, Zhicai Xie^2*

1Department of Ecology and Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China

2Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China

3 Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518049, China

4 Guangdong Greater Bay Area, Change and Comprehensive Treatment of Regional Ecology and Environment, National Observation and Research Station, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518049, China
5 Ecological Quality Comprehensive Monitoring Station of Urban Ecosystem in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518049, China

Received:2025-04-11 Revised:2025-06-21 Accepted:2025-10-06
Contact: Xie, Zhicai
Supported by:
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012243), the Project of Financial Funds of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: Investigation on Fishery Resources and Habitats in the Pearl River Basin (ZJZX-08), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under (2024M751124)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市化如何改变水生生物群落结构和功能是城市河流环境评价和生物多样性保护的重要内容。大型底栖无脊椎动物(以下简称底栖动物)作为河流生态系统的关键功能类群, 但城市化如何重塑其群落功能多样性的认知较为匮乏。本研究以深圳地区城市化水平不同的5条典型河流为对象, 分别于2019年8月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)在62个样点开展底栖动物调查与水环境参数测定, 探讨城市化对群落物种多样性和功能多样性(RaoQ指数)以及功能冗余度时空格局的影响, 并甄别其影响机制和关键生态因素。结果显示, 底栖动物群落物种多样性和功能多样性在丰枯期均表现为郊区河流(城市化程度低)高于城区河流(城市化程度高), 且这一差异在丰水期更显著, 表明城市化对底栖动物群落多样性的影响在丰水期更强。相反, 底栖动物群落功能冗余度则表现为城区河流高于郊区河流的趋势。逐步回归和变差分解结果显示, 土地利用、局域物理环境和水化学因子共同解释了群落物种多样性和功能多样性37%–57%的变异, 但不同生态因子的相对重要性因多样性维度和季节而异。局域物理环境和水化学因子是物种多样性和功能多样性的关键驱动因素(5%–22%), 其次为土地利用因子(2%–4%)。水化学因子(如高锰酸盐和电导率)在枯水期对物种多样性和功能多样性的影响最为显著, 而局域物理环境因子(如底质和水深)在丰水期对功能多样性的影响更强。本研究深化了对城市化引起的水生态功能下降的过程和机制的理解, 可为深圳地区及粤港澳大湾区河流水生生物多样性保护和土地利用规划提供科学依据。

关键词: 关键词：深圳地区, 河流, 大型底栖无脊椎动物, 物种和功能多样性, 环境因素

Abstract

Aims: Understanding how urbanization alters the structure and function of aquatic communities is essential for assessing urban river environments and conserving biodiversity. Macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in maintaining the functions and integrity of river ecosystems, yet the ecological drivers and mechanisms through which urbanization influences their functional diversity remain poorly understood.

Methods: In 2019, macroinvertebrate samples were collected during both the wet and dry seasons from 62 sites distributed across five major watersheds in Shenzhen, covering a gradient of urbanization intensity. Taxonomic and functional diversity was quantified using species richness and the RaoQ index, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare these two diversity indices between urban and suburban rivers. Furthermore, multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify key environmental factors shaping macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional diversity. Finally, variation partitioning was applied to assess the relative contributions of local physical environmental conditions, water chemistry variables, and land-use factors.

Results: Taxonomic and functional diversity were consistently higher in suburban rivers (with lower levels of urbanization) than in urban rivers (with higher levels of urbanization) during both the wet and dry seasons. This disparity was more pronounced during the wet season, suggesting that urbanization exerts stronger impacts on macroinvertebrate diversity during periods of higher water flow. In contrast, functional redundancy was higher in urban rivers than in their suburban counterparts. Stepwise regression and variance partitioning analyses revealed that land-use, local physical environmental factors, and water chemistry variables collectively accounted for 37%–57% of the variation in taxonomic and functional diversity. However, the relative influence of these ecological factors varied depending on the biodiversity dimension and the season. Among them, local physical environmental and water chemistry variables emerged as the primary drivers (explaining 5%–22% of the variation), followed by land-use variables (2%–4%). Specifically, water chemistry variables—such as permanganate index and conductivity—had the greatest influence on taxonomic and functional diversity during the dry season, whereas local physical variables—such as substrate composition and water depth—played a more significant role in shaping functional diversity during the wet season.

Conclusions: Urbanization significantly reduces the taxonomic and functional diversity of river macroinvertebrates, primarily through changes in local environmental conditions. The lower taxonomic and functional diversity, coupled with higher functional redundancy observed in urban rivers, suggests more homogeneous macroinvertebrate community compositions in these systems. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying the decline of aquatic ecosystem functioning caused by urbanization, and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and land-use planning in the rivers of Shenzhen and the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao.

Key words: Keywords: Shenzhen, Rivers, Macroinvertebrate, Taxonomic and functional diversity, Environmental factors

刘振元, 周婷婷, 王伟民, 韩博平, 谢志才. 城市化对深圳地区河流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落物种多样性和功能多样性的影响机制. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025135.

Zhenyuan Liu, Tingting Zhou, WeiMin Wang, Bo-Ping Han, Zhicai Xie. Impacts and driving mechanisms of urbanization on taxonomic and functional diversity of river macroinvertebrates in Shenzhen, South China. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025135.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025135

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