生物多样性

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广州市陆生野生脊椎动物资源——编目、分布与保护

梁健超1#, 陈淑甜1,2#, 何文祥3, 熊春妮3, 许镇洲4, 黄源欣1, 刘源志弘1, 张浪5*, 胡慧建1*   

  1. 1. 广东省科学院动物研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物调查监测与生态修复工程技术研究中心, 广州 510260 

    2. 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083 

    3. 广东省广州生态环境监测中心站, 广州 510030 

    4. 华南农业大学林业与风景园林学院, 广州 510642 

    5. 上海市园林科学规划研究院, 上海 200232

  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2026-02-09 接受日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 梁健超

Wild terrestrial vertebrate resources in Guangzhou: Diversity, distribution, and conservation

Jianchao Liang1#, Shutian Chen1,2#, Wenxiang He3, Chunni Xiong3, Zhenzhou Xu4, Yuanxin Huang1, Yuanzhihong Liu1, Lang Zhang5*, Huijian Hu1*   

  1. 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China 

    2 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 

    3 Guangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510030, China 

    4 College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 

    5 Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai 200232, China

  • Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2026-02-09 Accepted:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Liang, Jianchao

摘要: 伴随着人类世背景下快速的城市化进程, 城市区域已成为许多物种的重要栖息地。然而, 目前大型城市的野生动物组成、分布等基础信息普遍存在缺失、零散、滞后等问题。广州作为国家重要中心城市和粤港澳大湾区核心引擎, 其野生动物多样性及栖息地分布尚缺乏系统研究。本研究在野外调查基础上, 收集整理了文献资料、出版专著、新闻资讯以及公民科学平台记录等相关数据, 对广州市陆生野生脊椎动物多样性进行系统梳理。在此基础上, 利用MaxEnt模型对物种潜在分布进行分析, 并综合层次分析法与熵值法评估和筛选了野生动物重要栖息地。结果表明: (1)广州市有陆生野生脊椎动物33目134科690种, 与现有记录相比, 本次新增记录物种100种, 包括香港湍蛙(Amolops hongkongensis)、黑脊蛇(Achalinus spinalis)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)、利安德水鼩(Chimarrogale leander)等; (2)动物多样性格局呈东高西低趋势, 热点集中在北部从化山地、东部增城丘陵耕地及南部南沙湿地; (3)广州市野生动物重要栖息地有24处, 共1,299.5 km2。现有保护地体系覆盖了约78%的重要栖息地, 但仍有22%的空缺。本研究对广州市陆生野生脊椎动物及其栖息地名录进行了梳理和更新, 为城市保护规划与管理提供了科学依据, 同时为高度城市化区域的生物多样性编目、格局与保护研究提供了范例。

关键词: 陆生野生脊椎动物, 物种编目, 物种多样性, 重要栖息地, 广州市

Abstract

Aims: In the Anthropocene, rapid urban expansion has turned cities into important habitats for many species. However, basic information on wildlife composition and distribution in large cities is often lacking, fragmented, or outdated. As a national central city and the core engine of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou lacks systematic research on its wildlife diversity and habitat distribution. This study aims to systematically compile data on wild terrestrial vertebrates in Guangzhou and identify key habitats to inform conservation planning. 

Methods: Based on field surveys, we collected and integrated data from literature, published monographs, news reports, and citizen science databases. We analyzed potential species distributions using the MaxEnt model and evaluated key wildlife habitats by combining the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. 

Results: (1) A total of 690 species of wild terrestrial vertebrates, belonging to 33 orders and 134 families, were recorded in Guangzhou. Among them, 100 species were newly recorded, such as Amolops hongkongensis, Achalinus spinalis, Grus monacha, and Chimarrogale leander. (2) Animal diversity showed a pattern of higher richness in the east and lower in the west, with hotspots concentrated in the mountainous areas of Conghua in the north, the hilly farmland of Zengcheng in the east, and the wetlands of Nansha in the south. (3) We identified 24 key wildlife habitats covering a total area of 1,299.5 km2. The existing protected area network covers approximately 78% of these key habitats, but a 22% gap (308.0 km2) remains, mainly located in northeastern Conghua, southern Nansha, and central Zengcheng. 

Conclusion: This study updates the inventory of wild terrestrial vertebrates and their key habitats in Guangzhou, providing a scientific basis for urban conservation planning and management. It also offers a valuable model for biodiversity inventory, pattern analysis, and conservation research in highly urbanized areas.

Key words: wild terrestrial vertebrates, species inventory, species diversity, key habitats, Guangzhou