生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25435.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025435  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025435

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种的季节性空间利用特征

张同1#, 梁力文2#, 王长剑3,4, 舒服1, 王璐5, 郭泽光2, 卓玛曲珍6, 钱芊2, 蒋安莉2, 敖俊杰1, 彭兴文1, 伍小刚2,7, 向左甫3, 郭克疾1,3*, 廖梓延2,7*   

  1. 1. 国家林业和草原局中南调查规划院, 长沙 410014; 2.中国科学院成都生物研究所青藏高原生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 成都 610213; 3. 中南林业科技大学, 长沙 410004; 4. 湖南省农林工业勘察设计研究院有限公司, 长沙 410004; 5. 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所, 北京 100091; 6. 芒康县林业和草原局, 西藏昌都 854000; 7. 芒康生物多样性与生态监测站, 西藏昌都 854000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-01 修回日期:2026-02-14 接受日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 郭克疾, 廖梓延
  • 基金资助:
    2020年西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区生态保护体系建设补助资金生物多样性监测工程(GZFCG2022-7627); 西藏东部金钱豹及其主要猎物种群的多度; 分布和栖息地研究(2020LC-3-04); 怒江流域西藏段陆生生态调查项目(G02514); 国家自然科学基金(32571938); 四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1024)

Camera-trap–based assessment of bird and mammal diversity and seasonal occupancy patterns of representative species in the Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, Xizang, China

Tong Zhang1#, Liwen Liang2#, Changjian Wang3,4, Fu Shu1, Lu Wang5, Zeguang Guo2, Quzhen Zhuoma6, Qian Qian2, Anli Jiang2, Junjie Ao1, Xingwen Peng1, Xiaogang Wu2,7, Zuofu Xiang3, Keji Guo1,3*, Ziyan Liao2,7*   

  1. 1 Central South Survey and Planning Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha 410014, China 

    2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China 

    3 Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China 

    4 Hunan Agriculture and Forestry Industry Survey, Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China 

    5 Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China 

    6 Forestry and Grassland Administration of Mangkang County, Changdu, Xizang 854000, China 

    7 Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Monitoring Station, Changdu, Xizang 854000, China2

  • Received:2025-11-01 Revised:2026-02-14 Accepted:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-28
  • Contact: Keji Guo, Ziyan Liao

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摘要： 摸清生物多样性本底是落实以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设的重要基础。为明确西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性现状及其季节性分布特征, 我们于2021年12月至2025年7月在保护区及周边地区布设122台红外相机开展连续监测。野外监测共记录到兽类4目12科26种, 鸟类8目18科51种, 其中包含6种国家一级重点保护野生动物和20种国家二级重点保护野生动物。6种国家一级重点保护野生动物为豹(Panthera pardus)、林麝(Moschus berezovskii)、马麝(M. chrysogaster)、滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti) 、斑尾榛鸡(Tetrastes sewerzowi)和黄喉雉鹑(Tetraophasis szechenyii)。相对多度较高的兽类为毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和赤狐(Vulpes vulpes); 鸟类为血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、白马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)和黄喉雉鹑。在此基础上, 基于监测数据的完整性与代表性, 我们选取了赤狐、中华鬣羚、滇金丝猴、白马鸡和血雉5种代表性物种, 采用单季节占域模型分析了其季节性空间分布差异。结果表明, 不同物种在不同季节的占域率存在明显差异, 四季平均占域率最高的是赤狐(ψ = 0.64), 其次为中华鬣羚(ψ = 0.44)、滇金丝猴(ψ = 0.43)和白马鸡(ψ = 0.43), 血雉的占域率相对较低(ψ = 0.41)。总体来看, 各物种的季节性空间利用模式具有明显的物种特异性, 其变化与植被条件、地形特征及水源可达性等多种环境因子相关。本研究揭示了西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性现状, 并阐明了部分代表性大中型兽类和地栖性鸟类的季节性空间利用格局, 可为保护区的生物多样性保护与管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区, 红外相机, 鸟兽多样性, 占域模型, 季节性空间利用

Abstract

Aims: Establishing biodiversity baselines is essential for supporting the development of China’s protected area system with national parks as the mainstay. This study aims to document bird and mammal diversity in the Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, Xizang and to examine the seasonal spatial occupancy patterns of selected representative species based on long-term camera trapping. 

Methods: From December 2021 to July 2025, a total of 122 infrared camera traps were deployed across the reserve and adjacent areas for continuous wildlife monitoring. We summarized species richness and relative abundance for all detected birds and mammals. Based on data completeness and representativeness, we selected five representative species—Vulpes vulpes, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Rhinopithecus bieti, Crossoptilon crossoptilon, and Ithaginis cruentus—for single-season occupancy modeling to evaluate seasonal differences in spatial occupancy habitat use. 

Results: The survey recorded 26 species of mammals (12 families, 4 orders) and 51 bird species (18 families, 8 orders). Six species were listed as Class I nationally protected species in China—Panthera pardus, Moschus berezovskii, M. chrysogaster, Rhinopithecus bieti, Tetrastes sewerzowi, and Tetraophasis szechenyii—and 20 species were listed as Class II nationally protected species. Among mammals, Elaphodus cephalophus, Lepus oiostolus, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Macaca mulatta, and Vulpes vulpes showed the highest relative abundance. Among birds, Ithaginis cruentus, Crossoptilon crossoptilon, and Tetraophasis szechenyii were dominant. Occupancy probabilities differed significantly among species and seasons. Vulpes vulpes showed the highest mean annual occupancy (ψ = 0.64), followed by Capricornis milneedwardsii (ψ = 0.44), Rhinopithecus bieti (ψ = 0.43), and Crossoptilon crossoptilon (ψ = 0.43), whereas Ithaginis cruentus exhibited relatively lower occupancy (ψ = 0.41). 

Conclusions: Seasonal spatial use patterns differed substantially among species, indicating strong species-specific responses. These variations were associated with various environmental factors, including vegetation conditions, topographic features, and water availability. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of bird and mammal diversity in the reserve and clarifies the seasonal spatial occupancy patterns of selected representative large- and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds, providing a solid scientific basis for biodiversity conservation planning and adaptive management within the reserve.

Key words: Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, Xizang, camera trapping, bird and mammal diversity, occupancy model, seasonal occupancy patterns

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