不同海拔巴山冷杉林土壤微生物多样性及植物–微生物跨界网络关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2025276

生物多样性

不同海拔巴山冷杉林土壤微生物多样性及植物–微生物跨界网络关系

李劲¹, 程铭昊¹, 张溢¹, 刘峰², 姜庆虎², 叶基荣³, 陈展¹, 张于光^1*

1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100091; 2. 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 4300743; 3. 云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院, 昆明 650500

收稿日期:2025-07-16 修回日期:2025-11-05 接受日期:2026-03-20
通讯作者: 张于光
基金资助:
神农架国家公园本底资源综合调查研究项目(SNJNP2023010); 神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室开放课题基金(SNJGKL2023010)

Soil microbial diversity and plant–microbe inter–kingdom networks across an elevational gradient in Abies

Jin Li¹, Minghao Cheng¹, Yi Zhang¹, Feng Liu², Qinghu Jiang², Jirong Ye³, Zhan Chen¹, Yuguang Zhang^1*

1 Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China

2 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China

3 Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2025-07-16 Revised:2025-11-05 Accepted:2026-03-20
Contact: Yuguang Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤微生物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分，在维系生态系统的物质循环与能量流动等过程中发挥着关键作用。为揭示土壤微生物群落随海拔梯度的变化及其驱动机制，并解析植物–微生物跨界网络特征，本研究以神农架国家公园巴山冷杉（Abies fargesii var. faxoniana）林为对象，采用高通量测序，并构建植物–微生物跨界共现网络（inter-kingdom ecological networks，IDENs），综合分析不同海拔巴山冷杉林土壤微生物多样性、群落结构及其与植物群落的关联。结果表明，随海拔升高，土壤总氮、土壤有机碳和年均降水量（mean annual precipitation，MAP）显著增加，而土壤总磷、速效钾以及植物α多样性指数显著降低（P < 0.05）；细菌Shannon指数与丰富度指数随海拔显著下降（P <0.05），真菌多样性无显著差异；细菌优势菌门中仅酸杆菌门及其优势属（酸杆菌门亚群Gp2、Gp1和Gp3）相对丰度随海拔显著增加（P < 0.05）；真菌优势菌门随海拔变化无显著差异，但属水平红菇属（Russula）相对丰度显著上升、丝盖伞属（Inocybe）显著下降（P < 0.05）；Partial Mantel分析表明年均气温（mean annual temperature，MAT）与MAP是驱动土壤微生物群落变化的主要因子；典范对应分析（canonical correspondence analysis，CCA）分析进一步显示MAP与植物多样性对细菌和真菌群落结构影响最显著；IDEN指标显示，模块度、连通性和嵌套性随海拔显著上升（P <0.05），高山杜鹃（Rhododendron lapponicum）和四蕊槭（Acer maximowiczii)等植物是模块枢纽的主要组成部分，巴山冷杉在植物–真菌 IDEN中占据网络枢纽的重要地位。本研究揭示了不同海拔巴山冷杉林土壤微生物群落结构及其主要影响因素，识别了植物–微生物IDEN的关键特征，为理解森林生态系统中植物–微生物互作关系提供科学参考。

关键词: 巴山冷杉, 土壤微生物群落结构, 海拔梯度, 植物–微生物跨界网络, 神农架国家公园

Abstract

Aims：To investigate the elevational patterns and driving factors of soil microbial diversity and community composition in Abies fargesii var. faxoniana forests in Shennongjia National Park, and to analyze the relationships between soil microbial communities and plant communities along the elevational gradient.

Methods：This study was conducted in A. fargesii forests in Shennongjia National Park. Soil samples were collected along an elevational gradient. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and community composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities. In addition, inter-kingdom ecological networks (IDENs) were constructed to examine the characteristics of soil microbial communities and their relationships with plant communities across different elevations.

Results：With increasing elevation, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) significantly increased, whereas total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (TK), and plant alpha diversity significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Bacterial Shannon index and richness significantly declined with elevation (P < 0.05), while fungal diversity indices showed no significant change. Among dominant bacterial phyla, the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, particularly subgroups Gp2, Gp1, and Gp3, increased significantly with elevation (P < 0.05). Dominant fungal phyla showed no significant elevational trends, but Russula increased and Inocybe decreased at the genus level (P < 0.05). Partial Mantel tests indicated that mean annual temperature (MAT) and MAP were the main drivers of microbial community variation, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) further showed that MAP and plant diversity significantly shaped bacterial and fungal community structures. Network modularity, connectance, and nestedness increased significantly along the elevational gradient (P < 0.05). Rhododendron przewalskii and Acer mono were the main plant components of module hubs in the plant–microbe IDEN, whereas A. fargesii occupied a central position as a network hub in the plant–fungus IDEN.

Conclusion：Soil microbial communities in A. fargesii forests exhibit clear elevational patterns. With increasing elevation, bacterial diversity decreases significantly, whereas fungal diversity remains relatively stable. MAT, MAP, and plant diversity are important drivers shaping microbial community structure. In addition, the connectance and modularity of plant–microbe inter-kingdom ecological networks increase significantly with elevation. Plants act as network hub species and, together with key microbial taxa involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling, jointly maintain the structural and functional stability of plant–microbe interaction networks.

Key words: Abies fargesii, Soil microbial community structure, elevational gradient, inter–kingdom ecological network, Shennongjia National Park

李劲, 程铭昊, 张溢, 刘峰, 姜庆虎, 叶基荣, 陈展, 张于光. 不同海拔巴山冷杉林土壤微生物多样性及植物–微生物跨界网络关系. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025276.

Jin Li, Minghao Cheng, Yi Zhang, Feng Liu, Qinghu Jiang, Jirong Ye, Zhan Chen, Yuguang Zhang. Soil microbial diversity and plant–microbe inter–kingdom networks across an elevational gradient in Abies. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025276.

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