基于DNA宏条形码的江西桃红岭梅花鹿食性与营养策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2025214

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 25214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025214 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025214

• 研究报告:动物多样性 • 下一篇

基于DNA宏条形码的江西桃红岭梅花鹿食性与营养策略

刘俊¹(), 张天祥¹(), 张壹萱¹, 黄晓凤¹, 韩卫杰¹, 吴问国², 黄晓飞³, 黄理政⁴, 张阳¹^,^*()()

1.江西省林业科学院, 南昌 330013
2.江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区管理局, 江西九江 332700
3.九江市林业局, 江西九江 332000
4.九江市林业科学研究所, 江西九江 332006

收稿日期:2025-06-06 接受日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-03-23
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhangyang0621@foxmail.com
基金资助:
江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB215018)

Diet and nutritional strategies of sika deer in Taohongling, Jiangxi, based on DNA metabarcoding

Jun Liu¹(), Tianxiang Zhang¹(), Yixuan Zhang¹, Xiaofeng Huang¹, Weijie Han¹, Wenguo Wu², Xiaofei Huang³, Lizheng Huang⁴, Yang Zhang¹^,^*()()

1 Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, China
2 Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve Administration, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332700, China
3 Forestry Department of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
4 Jiujiang Institute of Forestry Science Research, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332006, China

Received:2025-06-06 Accepted:2025-11-12 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-03-23
Contact: *E-mail: zhangyang0621@foxmail.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB215018)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

食物营养是野生动物生存、繁殖和适应环境的基础, 对于野生动物种群的存续与发展具有重要意义。华南梅花鹿(Cervus nippon kopschi)江西桃红岭种群是江西仅存的野生梅花鹿种群, 具有极高的生态价值, 目前对其不同季节的取食和营养策略尚不明确。本研究分别于秋季(2022年10月)、冬季(2023年1月)、春季(2023年4月)、夏季(2023年7月)在江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区采集梅花鹿新鲜粪便样品, 并通过高通量测序和理化检测对其不同季节的食物组成和营养成分进行分析。结果表明: 桃红岭梅花鹿共采食植物31科37属37种, 春季主要采食的植物为悬钩子属植物(Rubus spp., 32.56%)和白栎(Quercus fabri, 13.13%); 夏季主要采食植物为黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana, 30.20%)、悬钩子属植物(12.45%)和长箭叶蓼(Persicaria hastatosagittata, 12.04%); 秋季主要采食植物为檵木(Loropetalum chinense, 65.21%)和悬钩子属植物(11.19%); 冬季主要采食植物为悬钩子属植物(53.21%)和薹草属植物(Carex spp., 18.92%)。食物多样性分析表明, 桃红岭梅花鹿不同季节采食植物组成存在显著差异, 其中夏季食物多样性指数最高, 秋季和冬季食物多样性指数较低。食物营养及营养摄入量分析表明, 桃红岭梅花鹿在夏季和冬季的营养摄入量较高, 在秋季的营养摄入量较低, 且食物营养含量不是桃红岭梅花鹿选择食物的主要影响因素。本研究揭示了桃红岭梅花鹿不同季节的取食营养策略, 为华南梅花鹿保护管理政策的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 梅花鹿, 桃红岭保护区, DNA宏条形码, 食物多样性, 营养策略, 季节变化

Abstract

Aims: Nutritional resources are fundamental to wildlife survival, reproduction, and environmental adaptation, and are a critical determinant of population persistence and viability. The Taohongling sika deer, the only extant wild sika deer population in Jiangxi Province, holds significant ecological value. However, its seasonal foraging ecology and nutritional strategies remain unclear.

Methods: Fresh fecal samples were collected at the Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve in autumn (October 2022), winter (January 2023), spring (April 2023), and summer (July 2023). Seasonal dietary composition and nutritional characteristics were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and physicochemical assays.

Results: The Taohongling sika deer consumed plants from 31 families, 37 genera, and 37 species. Primary forage plants varied seasonally: in spring, the main food sources were Rubus spp. (32.56%) and Quercus fabri (13.13%); in summer, Dalbergia hupeana (30.20%), Rubus spp. (12.45%), and Persicaria hastatosagittata (12.04%) predominated; in autumn, Loropetalum chinense (65.21%) and Rubus spp. (11.19%) were dominant; and in winter, Rubus spp. (53.21%) and Carex spp. (18.92%) were the primary forages. Dietary diversity differed significantly among seasons: the summer diversity index was the highest, while autumn and winter indices were relatively low. Analysis of food nutrition and estimated nutrient intake showed higher intake in summer and winter and lower intake in autumn. Furthermore, the nutritional content of available food did not appear to be the primary factor influencing the deer’s food selection.

Conclusions: These findings clarify the seasonal foraging and nutritional strategies of the Taohongling sika deer and provide an evidence-based foundation for developing targeted conservation measures for the South China sika deer population.

Key words: sika deer, Taohongling Reserve, DNA metabarcoding, dietary diversity, nutritional strategy, seasonal variation

刘俊, 张天祥, 张壹萱, 黄晓凤, 韩卫杰, 吴问国, 黄晓飞, 黄理政, 张阳 (2026) 基于DNA宏条形码的江西桃红岭梅花鹿食性与营养策略. 生物多样性, 34, 25214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025214.

Jun Liu, Tianxiang Zhang, Yixuan Zhang, Xiaofeng Huang, Weijie Han, Wenguo Wu, Xiaofei Huang, Lizheng Huang, Yang Zhang (2026) Diet and nutritional strategies of sika deer in Taohongling, Jiangxi, based on DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25214. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025214.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025214

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I2/25214

图/表 6

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序号 No.	物种 Species	粗蛋白 Crude protein (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat (%)	粗纤维 Crude fiber (%)	钙 Calcium (%)	磷 Phosphorus (%)
1	长箭叶蓼 Persicaria hastatosagittata	14.90 ± 0.13	2.11 ± 0.08	35.59 ± 0.10	0.151 ± 0.004	1.717 ± 0.019
2	鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis	10.09 ± 0.08	1.57 ± 0.09	14.68 ± 0.13	0.290 ± 0.005	1.185 ± 0.060
3	八角枫 Alangium chinense	16.94 ± 0.33	3.65 ± 0.06	13.99 ± 0.25	0.308 ± 0.007	1.253 ± 0.038
4	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	12.40 ± 0.15	3.74 ± 0.06	34.68 ± 0.40	0.108 ± 0.006	1.086 ± 0.075
5	茶 Camellia sinensis	21.43 ± 0.07	2.62 ± 0.02	21.11 ± 0.04	0.260 ± 0.006	0.655 ± 0.042
6	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	18.49 ± 0.08	2.89 ± 0.10	23.98 ± 0.03	0.037 ± 0.004	2.450 ± 0.070
7	紫藤 Wisteria sinensis	20.04 ± 0.03	2.13 ± 0.07	33.30 ± 0.03	0.011 ± 0.001	1.860 ± 0.048
8	白栎 Quercus fabri	13.86 ± 0.06	0.65 ± 0.04	28.04 ± 0.30	0.122 ± 0.004	1.069 ± 0.037
9	山胡椒 Lindera glauca	14.72 ± 0.07	3.08 ± 0.02	27.70 ± 0.05	0.112 ± 0.004	0.512 ± 0.009
10	菝葜 Smilax china	11.87 ± 0.04	3.08 ± 0.08	22.82 ± 0.04	0.037 ± 0.002	1.070 ± 0.060
11	扁担杆 Grewia biloba	17.05 ± 0.24	5.79 ± 0.18	19.29 ± 0.15	0.139 ± 0.008	2.051 ± 0.039
12	薹草属 Carex spp.	10.09 ± 0.26	2.54 ± 0.18	29.66 ± 0.33	0.127 ± 0.004	1.034 ± 0.033
13	箬竹 Indocalamus tessellatus	10.46 ± 0.25	2.77 ± 0.16	25.83 ± 0.40	0.111 ± 0.001	0.595 ± 0.060
14	构 Broussonetia papyrifera	18.45 ± 0.25	1.27 ± 0.05	18.76 ± 0.45	0.261 ± 0.029	3.125 ± 0.100
15	枇杷 Eriobotrya japonica	9.44 ± 0.29	2.17 ± 0.06	29.29 ± 0.82	0.089 ± 0.006	1.401 ± 0.026
16	金樱子 Rosa laevigata	13.85 ± 0.14	4.51 ± 0.34	16.53 ± 0.33	0.129 ± 0.005	0.969 ± 0.034
17	悬钩子属 Rubus spp.	15.84 ± 0.25	1.91 ± 0.04	31.25 ± 0.47	0.168 ± 0.003	1.570 ± 0.038
18	盐麸木 Rhus chinensis	14.51 ± 0.14	5.22 ± 0.15	33.49 ± 0.28	0.122 ± 0.002	0.781 ± 0.018
19	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	9.45 ± 0.05	1.28 ± 0.16	22.27 ± 0.06	0.011 ± 0.001	1.260 ± 0.038
20	蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis glandulosa	14.74 ± 0.19	1.71 ± 0.09	28.48 ± 0.17	0.160 ± 0.006	2.290 ± 0.056
21	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	13.00 ± 0.44	2.64 ± 0.06	39.54 ± 0.49	0.130 ± 0.005	1.324 ± 0.012
22	海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	18.20 ± 0.05	2.07 ± 0.10	25.18 ± 0.07	0.260 ± 0.008	0.217 ± 0.006

序号 No.	物种 Species	粗蛋白 Crude protein (%)	粗脂肪 Crude fat (%)	粗纤维 Crude fiber (%)	钙 Calcium (%)	磷 Phosphorus (%)
1	长箭叶蓼 Persicaria hastatosagittata	14.90 ± 0.13	2.11 ± 0.08	35.59 ± 0.10	0.151 ± 0.004	1.717 ± 0.019
2	鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis	10.09 ± 0.08	1.57 ± 0.09	14.68 ± 0.13	0.290 ± 0.005	1.185 ± 0.060
3	八角枫 Alangium chinense	16.94 ± 0.33	3.65 ± 0.06	13.99 ± 0.25	0.308 ± 0.007	1.253 ± 0.038
4	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	12.40 ± 0.15	3.74 ± 0.06	34.68 ± 0.40	0.108 ± 0.006	1.086 ± 0.075
5	茶 Camellia sinensis	21.43 ± 0.07	2.62 ± 0.02	21.11 ± 0.04	0.260 ± 0.006	0.655 ± 0.042
6	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	18.49 ± 0.08	2.89 ± 0.10	23.98 ± 0.03	0.037 ± 0.004	2.450 ± 0.070
7	紫藤 Wisteria sinensis	20.04 ± 0.03	2.13 ± 0.07	33.30 ± 0.03	0.011 ± 0.001	1.860 ± 0.048
8	白栎 Quercus fabri	13.86 ± 0.06	0.65 ± 0.04	28.04 ± 0.30	0.122 ± 0.004	1.069 ± 0.037
9	山胡椒 Lindera glauca	14.72 ± 0.07	3.08 ± 0.02	27.70 ± 0.05	0.112 ± 0.004	0.512 ± 0.009
10	菝葜 Smilax china	11.87 ± 0.04	3.08 ± 0.08	22.82 ± 0.04	0.037 ± 0.002	1.070 ± 0.060
11	扁担杆 Grewia biloba	17.05 ± 0.24	5.79 ± 0.18	19.29 ± 0.15	0.139 ± 0.008	2.051 ± 0.039
12	薹草属 Carex spp.	10.09 ± 0.26	2.54 ± 0.18	29.66 ± 0.33	0.127 ± 0.004	1.034 ± 0.033
13	箬竹 Indocalamus tessellatus	10.46 ± 0.25	2.77 ± 0.16	25.83 ± 0.40	0.111 ± 0.001	0.595 ± 0.060
14	构 Broussonetia papyrifera	18.45 ± 0.25	1.27 ± 0.05	18.76 ± 0.45	0.261 ± 0.029	3.125 ± 0.100
15	枇杷 Eriobotrya japonica	9.44 ± 0.29	2.17 ± 0.06	29.29 ± 0.82	0.089 ± 0.006	1.401 ± 0.026
16	金樱子 Rosa laevigata	13.85 ± 0.14	4.51 ± 0.34	16.53 ± 0.33	0.129 ± 0.005	0.969 ± 0.034
17	悬钩子属 Rubus spp.	15.84 ± 0.25	1.91 ± 0.04	31.25 ± 0.47	0.168 ± 0.003	1.570 ± 0.038
18	盐麸木 Rhus chinensis	14.51 ± 0.14	5.22 ± 0.15	33.49 ± 0.28	0.122 ± 0.002	0.781 ± 0.018
19	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	9.45 ± 0.05	1.28 ± 0.16	22.27 ± 0.06	0.011 ± 0.001	1.260 ± 0.038
20	蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis glandulosa	14.74 ± 0.19	1.71 ± 0.09	28.48 ± 0.17	0.160 ± 0.006	2.290 ± 0.056
21	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	13.00 ± 0.44	2.64 ± 0.06	39.54 ± 0.49	0.130 ± 0.005	1.324 ± 0.012
22	海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	18.20 ± 0.05	2.07 ± 0.10	25.18 ± 0.07	0.260 ± 0.008	0.217 ± 0.006

基于DNA宏条形码的江西桃红岭梅花鹿食性与营养策略

Diet and nutritional strategies of sika deer in Taohongling, Jiangxi, based on DNA metabarcoding

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