江西桃红岭梅花鹿取食营养策略

doi:10.17520/biods.2025214

生物多样性

江西桃红岭梅花鹿取食营养策略

刘俊¹, 张天祥¹, 张壹萱¹, 黄晓凤¹, 韩卫杰¹, 吴问国², 黄晓飞³, 黄理政⁴, 张阳^1*

1. 江西省林业科学院, 南昌 330013; 2. 江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区管理局, 江西九江 332700; 3. 九江市林业局, 江西九江 332000; 4. 九江市林业科学研究所, 江西九江 332006

收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-10-31 接受日期:2026-03-03
通讯作者: 张阳
基金资助:
江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB215018); 江西省林业科学院基础研究与人才科研专项(2023521606)

Feeding nutrition strategies of Sika deer in Taohongling, Jiangxi

Jun Liu¹, Tianxiang Zhang¹, Yixuan Zhang¹, Xiaofeng Huang¹, Weijie Han¹, Wenguo Wu², Xiaofei Huang³, Lizheng Huang⁴, Yang Zhang^1*

1 Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, China

2 Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve Administration, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332700, China

3 Forestry Bureau of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China

4 Jiujiang Institute of Forestry Science Research, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332006, China

Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-10-31 Accepted:2026-03-03
Contact: Yang Zhang
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB215018); Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences Special Project for Basic Research and Scientific Talent(2023521606)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 食物营养是野生动物生存、繁殖和适应环境的基础, 对于野生动物种群的存续与发展具有重要意义。华南梅花鹿(Cervus nippon kopschi)江西桃红岭种群是江西仅存的野生梅花鹿种群, 具有极高的生态价值, 目前对其不同季节的取食和营养策略尚不明确。本研究分别于2022年秋季(10月)、冬季(1月)和2023年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)在江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区采集梅花鹿新鲜粪便样品, 并通过高通量测序和理化检测对其不同季节的食物组成和营养成分进行分析。结果表明: 桃红岭梅花鹿共采食植物31科37属37种, 春季主要采食的植物为悬钩子属植物(Rubus spp., 32.56%)和白栎(Quercus fabri, 13.13%); 夏季主要采食植物为黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana, 30.20%)、悬钩子属植物(12.45%)和长箭叶蓼(Persicaria hastatosagittata, 12.04%); 秋季主要采食植物为檵木(Loropetalum chinense, 65.21%)和悬钩子属植物(11.19%); 冬季主要采食植物为悬钩子属植物(53.21%)和薹草属植物(Carex spp., 18.92%)。食物多样性分析表明, 桃红岭梅花鹿不同季节采食植物组成存在显著差异, 其中夏季食物多样性指数最高, 秋季和冬季食物多样性指数较低。食物营养及营养摄入量分析表明, 桃红岭梅花鹿在夏季和冬季的营养摄入量较高, 在秋季的营养摄入量较低, 且食物营养含量不是桃红岭梅花鹿选择食物的主要影响因素。本研究揭示了桃红岭梅花鹿不同季节的取食营养策略, 为华南梅花鹿精确保护管理政策的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 梅花鹿, 江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区, DNA宏条形码, 食物组成, 营养策略

Abstract

Aims: Nutritional resources underpin wildlife survival, reproduction, and environmental adaptation, and are a critical determinant of population persistence and viability. The Taohongling sika deer, the only extant wild population in Jiangxi Province, holds significant ecological value. However, its seasonal foraging ecology and nutritional strategies remain unclear.

Methods: Fresh fecal samples were collected at the Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve in autumn (October 2022), winter (January 2023), spring (April 2023), and summer (July 2023). Seasonal dietary composition and nutritional characteristics were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and physicochemical assays.

Results: The Taohongling sika deer consumed plants from 31 families, 37 genera, and 37 species. Primary forage plants varied seasonally: in spring, the main food sources were Rubus spp. (32.56%) and Quercus fabri (13.13%); in summer, Dalbergia hupeana (30.20%), Rubus spp. (12.45%), and Persicaria hastatosagittata (12.04%) predominated; in autumn, Loropetalum chinense (65.21%) and Rubus spp. (11.19%) were dominant; and in winter, Rubus spp. (53.21%) and Carex spp. (18.92%) were the primary forages. Dietary diversity differed significantly among seasons: the summer diversity index was highest, while autumn and winter indices were relatively low. Analysis of food nutrition and estimated nutrient intake showed higher intake in summer and winter and lower intake in autumn. Furthermore, the nutritional content of available food did not appear to be the primary factor influencing the deer’s food selection.

Conclusions: These findings clarify the seasonal foraging and nutritional strategies of the Taohongling sika deer and provide an evidence-based foundation for developing targeted conservation measures for the South China sika deer population.

Key words: sika deer, Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve, DNA metabarcoding, diet composition, nutritional strategy

刘俊, 张天祥, 张壹萱, 黄晓凤, 韩卫杰, 吴问国, 黄晓飞, 黄理政, 张阳. 江西桃红岭梅花鹿取食营养策略. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025214.

Jun Liu, Xiangtian Zhang, Xuanyi Zhang, Fengxiao Huang, Jiewei Han, Guowen Wu, Xiaofei Huang, Lizheng Huang, Yang Zhang. Feeding nutrition strategies of Sika deer in Taohongling, Jiangxi. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025214.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025214

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