微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用

doi:10.17520/biods.2025300

生物多样性

微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用

蒋翠憶^1,2, 谢致敬^1*, 田中平^3*, 李玥莹¹, 郑明心¹, 房帅⁴, 米尔卡米力∙麦麦提⁵, 依里帆∙艾克拜尔江^6,7, 高梅香⁸, 张健²

1. 东北师范大学环境学院, 长春 130117; 2. 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275; 3. 新疆师范大学生命科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830054; 4. 森林生态与保育重点实验室(中国科学院), 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 5. 喀什大学生命与地理科学学院, 新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室, 新疆喀什844000; 6. 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区管理中心, 新疆伊宁835000; 7. 新疆西天山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 新疆巩留 835400; 8. 宁波大学地理科学与遥感技术学院, 浙江宁波 315211

收稿日期:2025-07-29 修回日期:2026-01-15 接受日期:2026-03-10
通讯作者: 谢致敬, 田中平

The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang

Cuiyi Jiang^1,2, Zhijing Xie^1*, Zhongping Tian^3*, Yueying Li¹, Mingxin Zheng¹, Shuai Fang⁴, Mierkamili Maimaiti⁵, Erfan Akberjan^6,7, Meixiang Gao⁸, Jian Zhang²

1 School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China

2 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

3 College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China

4 CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

5 College of Life and Geography Sciences, Kashi University, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000, China

6 Xinjiang Administration Center of West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China

7 Xinjiang West Tianshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Gongliu, Xinjiang 835400, China

8 School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China

Received:2025-07-29 Revised:2026-01-15 Accepted:2026-03-10
Contact: Zhijing Xie, Zhongping Tian

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微地形是调控局域物种分布格局和群落结构的关键驱动力之一。然而, 现有研究多集中于植物和微生物, 对土壤动物的研究仍显不足。跳虫作为对环境变化响应敏感的土壤指示生物, 其群落组成和多样性特征可有效反映微环境异质性。本研究以新疆巩留野核桃自然保护区土壤跳虫为研究对象, 选取阴坡、阳坡和沟谷3类典型的微地形生境, 系统调查跳虫群落组成及其环境因子, 分析微地形对土壤跳虫群落结构和多样性的影响。研究共获得跳虫1,548头, 隶属于6科12属19种。结果表明, 不同微地形类型间土壤温度、总磷含量及郁闭度均存在显著差异。微地形类型间跳虫群落组成亦存在显著差异, 而多样性虽差异不显著但呈现一定的空间分布趋势: 阴坡跳虫多样性指数高于阳坡, 而沟谷多样性最低; 属水平上呈现特有分布格局, 柳跳属(Willowsia)、长角跳属(Entomobrya)和刺齿跳属(Homidia)仅分布于阴坡, 奇跳属(Xenylla)则为阳坡特有; 土壤温度和铵态氮是影响跳虫群落组成的主要因子; 跳虫多度与土壤湿度呈显著负相关, 而水热条件与土壤养分间存在紧密耦合关系。研究揭示了微地形通过“植被-微气候-土壤”的耦合效应, 塑造了异质性的微环境条件, 进而驱动了跳虫群落的地理分异。

关键词: 生境异质性, 跳虫, 温带森林, 土壤动物多样性, 微生境, 微气候

Abstract

Aims: Microtopography is a key driver regulating species distribution patterns and community structure at the local scale. However, existing studies have largely focused on plants and microorganisms, while soil fauna remain comparatively understudied. Collembola, as soil indicator organisms highly sensitive to environmental changes, can effectively reflect microenvironmental heterogeneity through variations in their community composition and diversity.

Methods: This study was conducted in the western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. Three representative microtopographic habitats—shady slopes, sunny slopes, and ravines—were selected for investigation. In each habitat, soil Collembola communities and associated environmental variables were systematically surveyed to evaluate the effects of microtopography on community structure and diversity, and to identify the key environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

Results: A total of 1,548 Collembola individuals were collected, belonging to six families, twelve genera, and 19 species. Significant differences in soil temperature, total phosphorus content, and canopy cover were observed among microtopographic types. Collembola community composition also differed significantly among habitats. Although differences in diversity indices were not statistically significant, clear spatial trends were observed: diversity was highest on shady slopes, intermediate on sunny slopes, and lowest in ravines. At the genus level, distinct distribution patterns were detected: Willowsia, Entomobrya, and Homidia occurred exclusively on shady slopes, whereas Xenylla was restricted to sunny slopes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil temperature and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were the primary factors influencing community composition. Collembola abundance was significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture, and hydrothermal conditions were closely coupled with soil nutrient availability.

Conclusion: The study revealed that microtopography shapes heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions through the coupled effects of vegetation structure, microclimate, and soil properties, thereby driving spatial differentiation of soil Collembola communities.

Key words: habitat heterogeneity, Collembola, temperate forest, soil fauna diversity, microhabitat, microclimate

蒋翠憶, 谢致敬, 田中平, 李玥莹, 郑明心, 房帅, 米尔卡米力·麦麦提, 依里帆·艾克拜尔江, 高梅香, 张健. 微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025300.

Cuiyi Jiang, Zhijing Xie, Zhongping Tian, Yueying Li, Mingxin Zheng, Shuai Fang, Mierkamili Maimaiti, Erfan Akberjan, Meixiang Gao, Jian Zhang. The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025300.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025300

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