湖南高望界国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性与影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2019342

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 940-949. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019342

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

湖南高望界国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性与影响因素

向颖¹, 刘素群², 黄兴龙¹, 刘志霄¹, 张佑祥¹^,^*(), 马方舟³^,^*()

^1. 吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院, 湖南吉首 416000
^2. 中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
^3. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室, 南京 210042

收稿日期:2020-07-18 接受日期:2020-10-08 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-10-19
通讯作者: 张佑祥,马方舟
作者简介:mfz@nies.org
*. E-mail: yxzhang12@126.com;
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0507206);武陵山区生物遗传资源保护和可持续利用研究生培养创新基地项目(JD2019004)

Butterfly diversity and its influencing factors in the Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve and its surrounding area

Ying Xiang¹, Suqun Liu², Xinglong Huang¹, Zhixiao Liu¹, Youxiang Zhang¹^,^*(), Fangzhou Ma³^,^*()

College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment; National Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042

Received:2020-07-18 Accepted:2020-10-08 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-10-19
Contact: Youxiang Zhang,Fangzhou Ma

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解湖南高望界国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性本底及其影响因素, 2016年5月至2018年10月, 我们采用样线法对保护区内外的6种生境(保护区内4种, 区外2种)开展了20次蝶类多样性调查。共记录蝴蝶个体13,956只, 依照五科分类系统, 隶属5科113属239种, 其中湖南省蝶类新记录17种。区系成分以东洋种为主(139种, 占58.1%), 广布种次之(97种, 占40.6%), 古北种最少(3种, 占1.3%)。对不同生境的蝶类群落多样性指数进行分析后发现, 人为干扰程度和生境异质性共同影响蝶类多样性。不同生境相似性分析结果表明, 蝶类群落的相似度与人为干扰程度和植被类型差异密切相关。3年间, 蝶类多样性指数月度变化基本一致, 蝶类物种数、多样性指数与月均温间呈显著正相关, 与月降水量无相关性。综上, 蝶类多样性受到人为干扰程度和气象因子的影响。为保护蝶类资源, 建议保护好蝶类栖息地, 减少人为干扰。

关键词: 蝶类多样性, 群落结构, 人为干扰, 气象因子, 高望界国家级自然保护区

Abstract

In order to understand the butterfly diversity status and analyze its effective factors in the Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, we conducted a line-transect counting study for butterflies in 6 habitats (4 in protected reserve and 2 outside). We recorded a total of 13,956 individual butterflies and recorded 239 different species using the five-family classification system, which comprises 5 families and 113 genera. Seventeen species were newly recorded in the Hunan Province. Our analysis of zoogeography showed that Oriental species were dominant (139 species accounting for 58.1% of individuals), followed by the Widespread species (97 species, accounting for 40.6%) and the Palearctic species (3 species, accounting for 1.3%). We found that similarity in butterfly community was highly correlated with the degree of human disturbance and habitat heterogeneity. For three years, the butterfly diversity indices showed similar trends in monthly variation, and the species number and diversity index was positively correlated with mean monthly temperature rather than monthly rainfall. This indicates that butterfly diversity is directly correlated with human disturbance and meteorological factors. Therefore, we suggest that reduction of human disturbance and maintaining habitat quality may contribute to butterfly conservation of protected areas.

Key words: butterfly diversity, community structure, human disturbance, meteorological factors, Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve

向颖, 刘素群, 黄兴龙, 刘志霄, 张佑祥, 马方舟 (2020) 湖南高望界国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性与影响因素. 生物多样性, 28, 940-949. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019342.

Ying Xiang, Suqun Liu, Xinglong Huang, Zhixiao Liu, Youxiang Zhang, Fangzhou Ma (2020) Butterfly diversity and its influencing factors in the Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve and its surrounding area. Biodiversity Science, 28, 940-949. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019342.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019342

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I8/940

图/表 7

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科名 Family	个体数 No. of individuals (%)	种数 No. of species (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)	属种比值 Ratio of genus/species
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	2,112 (15.1)	18 (7.5)	6 (5.3)	0.330
粉蝶科 Pieridae	3,271 (23.4)	23 (9.6)	9 (8.0)	0.390
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	4,378 (31.4)	120 (50.2)	46 (40.7)	0.383
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	3,197 (22.9)	35 (14.7)	26 (23.0)	0.743
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	998 (7.2)	43 (18)	26 (23.0)	0.605
总计 Total	13,956 (100)	239 (100)	113 (100)	0.473

科名 Family	个体数 No. of individuals (%)	种数 No. of species (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)	属种比值 Ratio of genus/species
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	2,112 (15.1)	18 (7.5)	6 (5.3)	0.330
粉蝶科 Pieridae	3,271 (23.4)	23 (9.6)	9 (8.0)	0.390
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	4,378 (31.4)	120 (50.2)	46 (40.7)	0.383
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	3,197 (22.9)	35 (14.7)	26 (23.0)	0.743
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	998 (7.2)	43 (18)	26 (23.0)	0.605
总计 Total	13,956 (100)	239 (100)	113 (100)	0.473

科名 Family	种数 No. of species	东洋种 Oriental species (%)	古北种 Palearctic species (%)	广布种 Widespread species (%)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	18	8 (3.3)	0	10 (4.2)
粉蝶科 Pieridae	23	10 (4.2)	2 (0.8)	11 (4.6)
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	120	77 (32.2)	0	43 (18.0)
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	35	21 (8.8)	1 (0.4)	13 (5.4)
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	43	23 (9.6)	0	20 (8.4)
总计 Total	239	139 (58.1)	3 (1.3)	97 (40.6)

科名 Family	种数 No. of species	东洋种 Oriental species (%)	古北种 Palearctic species (%)	广布种 Widespread species (%)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	18	8 (3.3)	0	10 (4.2)
粉蝶科 Pieridae	23	10 (4.2)	2 (0.8)	11 (4.6)
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	120	77 (32.2)	0	43 (18.0)
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	35	21 (8.8)	1 (0.4)	13 (5.4)
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	43	23 (9.6)	0	20 (8.4)
总计 Total	239	139 (58.1)	3 (1.3)	97 (40.6)

生境 Habitat	个体数 No. of individuals	种数 No. of species	属数 No. of genera	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度 Species richness (R)	优势度指数 Dominance index (D)
小河桥 Xiaoheqiao	2,024	110	62	4.977	1.059	14.318	0.423
栖凤湖 Qifenghu	1,723	110	64	4.759	1.012	14.627	0.421
侯家寨 Houjiazhai	2,506	145	78	5.683	1.142	18.399	0.187
麻溪 Maxi	4,229	149	82	5.454	1.090	17.725	0.205
焦坪 Jiaoping	1,673	147	81	5.718	1.146	19.670	0.155
大溪坪 Daxiping	1,801	143	78	5.743	1.157	18.943	0.075

湖南高望界国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性与影响因素

Butterfly diversity and its influencing factors in the Hunan Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve and its surrounding area

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	小河桥 Xiaoheqiao	栖凤湖 Qifenghu	侯家寨 Houjiazhai	麻溪 Maxi	焦坪 Jiaoping	大溪坪 Daxiping
小河桥 Xiaoheqiao		70	75	90	76	79
栖凤湖 Qifenghu	0.467		75	78	79	73
侯家寨 Houjiazhai	0.417	0.417		105	110	98
麻溪 Maxi	0.533	0.431	0.556		110	112
焦坪 Jiaoping	0.420	0.444	0.604	0.591		101
大溪坪 Daxiping	0.454	0.406	0.516	0.622	0.534

	个体数 No. of individuals	种数 No. of species	多样性指数Diversity index (H')	物种丰富度 Species richness (R)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	月均温 Mean monthly temperature	月降水量 Mean monthly rainfall
个体数 No. of individuals	1	0.786**	0.228	0.687**	-0.406	0.378	0.039
种类数 No. of species		1	0.677**	0.989**	0.019	0.759**	0.094
多样性指数 Diversity index (H')			1	0.737**	0.740**	0.665**	-0.076
物种丰富度 Species richness (R)				1	0.108	0.805**	0.107
均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)					1	0.208	-0.186
月均温 Mean monthly temperature						1	0.079
月降水量 Mean monthly rainfall							1

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