基于高频监测研究人为干扰对城市夜鹭巢址分布动态及繁殖成功的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025025

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 25025. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025025 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025025

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于高频监测研究人为干扰对城市夜鹭巢址分布动态及繁殖成功的影响

柴恩平¹(), 葛苏婷¹(), 王锡茂¹(), 杨州¹, 向昭宜¹, 张美惠¹, 李漫淑¹, 沈瑶¹(), 斯幸峰¹^,²^,^*()()

1.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
2.浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江舟山岛屿生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 崇明生态研究院, 华东师范大学全球变化与生态预测研究中心, 上海 200241

收稿日期:2025-01-15 接受日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-31
通讯作者: *E-mail: sixf@des.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
华东师范大学教务处和生态学本科学科建设经费

Effects of human disturbance on nest-site dynamics and breeding success of urban Nycticorax nycticorax: Insights from high-frequency monitoring

Enping Chai¹(), Suting Ge¹(), Ximao Wang¹(), Zhou Yang¹, Zhaoyi Xiang¹, Meihui Zhang¹, Manshu Li¹, Yao Shen¹(), Xingfeng Si¹^,²^,^*()()

1 School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2 Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Centre for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2025-01-15 Accepted:2025-08-05 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-31
Contact: *E-mail: sixf@des.ecnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Academic Affairs Office and the Ecology Undergraduate Discipline Construction Fund of East China Normal University

1. 附录.pdf(2279KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人为干扰影响野生动物的生存与分布, 而繁殖过程是野生动物生活史中重要而脆弱的阶段, 极容易受到人为干扰等外界环境因素的影响。城市化是加剧人为干扰的主要因素之一。城市鸟类在繁殖过程中会通过调整巢址以降低人为干扰对其繁殖所产生的不利影响。同时, 这种响应也会随人为干扰强度的动态变化而变化, 但以往以单个时间截面的静态观察或较长时间间隔的观察难以准确记录这些响应的连续动态变化。因此, 本研究于2023年繁殖季以华东师范大学闵行校区生态岛中夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)的巢址和繁殖行为为研究对象, 采用高频度连续监测的调查方法记录夜鹭巢完整度与行为变化以探究夜鹭对人为干扰的响应。研究结果显示夜鹭巢距人行道距离随人为干扰强度的降低而减小, 平均巢高随人为干扰强度的降低而降低, 但夜鹭繁殖成功与否与巢距人行道距离、巢高、营巢树树种均无显著相关性。该研究结果表明夜鹭在繁殖期间能够进行巢址选择以回避人为干扰。上述发现能够为繁殖期内城市鸟类保护策略的制定提供参考。

关键词: 夜鹭, 鸟类繁殖, 巢址选择, 人为干扰, 城市化

Abstract

Aims: Human disturbance strongly influences wildlife survival and distribution. Reproduction, a critical and vulnerable stage in the life cycle of Nycticorax nycticorax, is particularly sensitive to external stressors, especially human activity. Urbanization, one of the major forms of disturbance, can force birds to adjust nest-site selection in order to mitigate adverse impacts. However, such behavioral responses often vary with changes in the intensity of disturbance. Previous studies, relying mainly on single time points or widely spaced observations, have frequently overlooked these continuous and dynamic adjustments.

Methods During the 2023 breeding season, we conducted high-frequency, continuous monitoring of nest sites and breeding behaviors of Nycticorax nycticorax on the ecological island of East China Normal University’s Minhang Campus in Shanghai. We recorded changes in nest integrity and heron behaviors to examine responses to varying levels of human disturbance.

Results: Nest distance from the pedestrian path decreased as human disturbance lessened. Similarly, average nest height declined under reduced disturbance. However, breeding success showed no significant correlation with disturbance intensity, nest distance from paths, nest height, or tree species used for nesting.

Conclusion Nycticorax nycticorax appear to mitigate human disturbance primarily through nest-site selection during the breeding season. These findings provide useful insights for the development of conservation strategies for urban birds during reproduction.

Key words: black-crowned night heron, bird reproduction, nest site selection, human disturbance, urbanization

柴恩平, 葛苏婷, 王锡茂, 杨州, 向昭宜, 张美惠, 李漫淑, 沈瑶, 斯幸峰 (2025) 基于高频监测研究人为干扰对城市夜鹭巢址分布动态及繁殖成功的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 25025. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025025.

Enping Chai, Suting Ge, Ximao Wang, Zhou Yang, Zhaoyi Xiang, Meihui Zhang, Manshu Li, Yao Shen, Xingfeng Si (2025) Effects of human disturbance on nest-site dynamics and breeding success of urban Nycticorax nycticorax: Insights from high-frequency monitoring. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25025. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025025.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025025

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I9/25025

图/表 3

图1 本文鸟巢完整度各等级划分标准的示意图(A), 以及华东师范大学闵行校区生态岛概况(B, C)

Fig. 1 The illustration of the classification criteria for each nest completeness level (A), and the overview of the ecological island at Minhang Campus of East China Normal University in Shanghai (B, C)

图2 人为干扰强度、巢距人行道平均距离和平均巢高随时间的变化趋势。图A、B中, 蓝色柱状图代表每日人为干扰强度得分, 绿色、紫色折线分别代表每日巢址距人行道水平平均距离、巢平均高度波动, 红色粗线代表拉线管控日期(4月3日); 图C、D、E分别为拉线管控前后人为干扰得分、巢距人行道平均距离和巢址平均高度对比箱线图。拉线管控后, 人为干扰强度显著降低(P < 0.001), 巢距人行道平均距离显著减小(P < 0.001), 平均巢高亦显著降低(P < 0.001)。

Fig. 2 Trends over time in human disturbance intensity, the average distance of nest sites from the path, and the average nest height. In panels A and B, the blue bars represent daily scores of human disturbance intensity. The green and purple scatters represent the dynamics of the average distance of nest sites from the path and the average nest height. The thick red line represents the control date (April 3rd). Panels C, D and E are the box plots of the comparison of the human disturbance score, the average distance of nest sites from the path and the average nest height before and after control, respectively. After control, human disturbance intensity decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The average distance of nest sites from the path decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and the average nest height also decreased significantly (P < 0.001).

图3 巢址水平重心随时间的变化趋势(以精确巢址得到)。生态岛各样方以网格显示, 各样方中的乔木个数从少到多以样方绿色由浅到深表示, 并以白色数字标注在网格中。调查共进行31次, 黑色数字(1至31)指向了每次调查得到的巢址水平重心, 箭头表示由上一次调查的巢址水平重心向下一次调查的巢址水平重心的移动方向。灰色斜线表示人行道的位置。

Fig. 3 Dynamics of the horizontal weighted center of nest sites over time (obtained with the accurate nest sites). The quadrats of the ecological island are displayed in a grid. The number of trees in each quadrat is represented by the green color of the quadrat—ranging from light to dark as the number of trees increases—and marked with white numbers in the grid. The survey was conducted 31 times, and black numbers (1 to 31) point to the horizontal weighted center of the nest sites obtained from each survey. The arrows indicate the moving direction from the horizontal weighted center of the nest sites in the previous survey to that in the next survey. The grey diagonal line indicates the location of the pedestrian path.

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基于高频监测研究人为干扰对城市夜鹭巢址分布动态及繁殖成功的影响

Effects of human disturbance on nest-site dynamics and breeding success of urban Nycticorax nycticorax: Insights from high-frequency monitoring

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