不同生境下甘松群落结构、生长特征及潜在资源量估算

doi:10.17520/biods.2025382

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 25382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025382 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025382

• CITES 50周年：科学、政策与国际行动的融合专题 • 上一篇

不同生境下甘松群落结构、生长特征及潜在资源量估算

王文琪¹, 杨永川¹^,^*()(), 昌维¹, 胡四维¹, 牟文博¹, 曾岩²^,³()

¹ 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400044
² 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
³ 中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2025-09-29 接受日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 杨永川
基金资助:
质兰基金会资助项目(H20250432);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA26010102)

Community structure, growth characteristics, and potential resource assessment of Nardostachys jatamansi in varied habitats

Wenqi Wang¹, Yongchuan Yang¹^,^*()(), Wei Chang¹, Siwei Hu¹, Wenbo Mu¹, Yan Zeng²^,³()

¹ Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
² Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³ Endangered Species Scientific Commission, P. R. China, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2025-09-29 Accepted:2025-12-23 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: Yongchuan Yang
Supported by:
Zhilan Foundation Program(H20250432);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26010102)

1. 附录1-6.pdf(910KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘松(Nardostachys jatamansi)是青藏高原-喜马拉雅地区特有的珍贵药用植物。近年来, 甘松的需求量和国际贸易量持续增长, 因其资源完全依赖野外采集, 过度采挖、生境破坏和非法贸易等因素使其面临自然种群资源枯竭的风险。然而, 国内甘松资源的储量尚缺乏系统评估, 致使区域内甘松非致危性判定(Non-Detriment Finding, NDF)的核心数据不足, 从而影响国际贸易的出口管理。为此, 本研究选取四川省阿坝州红原县这一甘松主要产区, 在野外调查的基础上, 分析了中生型与湿润型两种生境中甘松的群落结构、生长特征及生物量, 并结合物种分布模型与资源量估算模型, 评估了甘松在该区域的潜在适生区与资源储量。结果显示: 两类生境共记录植物108种, 隶属于77属29科, 群落组成与多样性受土壤总磷含量影响而差异显著, 其中中生型生境物种多样性更高, 甘松根长更长, 且甘松新酮含量更高。物种分布模型模拟结果表明, 其潜在适生区热点集中于麦洼乡, 资源量模型估算显示红原县拥有16,028.26 t的甘松潜在资源量, 呈现北高南低的资源分布格局, 年采挖量约占总潜在资源量的3.12%。本研究通过系统调查与模型模拟, 揭示了甘松主产区的资源现状、空间分布特征与可持续管理的挑战, 同时为高原地区药用植物的就地保护与可持续采集的精准管理提供数据依据, 为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的贸易非致危性判定, 及相关国家的甘松国际贸易与管理提供了方法学参考。

关键词: 甘松, 药用植物, 群落结构, 适生区模拟, CITES非致危性判定

Abstract

Aims: Nardostachys jatamansiis a precious medicinal plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-Himalayan region, with growing demand and increasing international trade in recent years. As its supply currently relies entirely on wild harvesting, factors such as over-harvesting, habitat destruction, and illegal trade have placed it at risk of natural population depletion. However, there is still a lack of systematic assessment of the reserves of domestic N. jatamansi resources. This has led to insufficient core data for its Non-Detriment Finding (NDF) within the region, which in turn affects the export regulation in international trade. This study aims to support NDF and scientific decision-making for international trade under the CITES framework, provide a case study on sustainable use for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and offer scientific references for the sustainable utilization of other similar plateau herbaceous medicinal plants.

Methods: This study selected Hongyuan County in the Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province, a major production area of N. jatamansi, as the research site. Based on field investigations, the community structure, growth characteristics, and biomass of N. jatamansi in both mesic and humid habitats were analyzed. By integrating species distribution models and resource estimation models, the potential suitable habitats and resource reserves of N. jatamansi in the region were assessed.

Results: A total of 108 plant species, belonging to 77 genera and 29 families, were recorded across the two habitat types. Community composition and diversity showed significant differences influenced by soil total phosphorus content. The mesic habitat exhibited higher species diversity, longer root lengths of N. jatamansi, and higher levels of nardosinone. Species distribution modeling results indicated that hotspots of potential suitable habitats were concentrated in Maiwa Township. Resource estimation modeling revealed that Hongyuan County possesses 16,028.26 tons of potential resources of N. jatamansi, showing a distribution pattern of being higher in the north and lower in the south. The annual harvesting volume accounts for approximately 3.12% of the total potential resources.

Conclusions: Through systematic investigation and model simulation, this study reveals the current resource status, spatial distribution characteristics, and challenges of sustainable management in the main production areas of N. jatamansi. At the same time, it provides data support for the in-situ conservation and precise management of sustainable harvesting of medicinal plants in plateau regions. Additionally, it offers methodological references for making NDF under the CITES and for the international trade and management of N. jatamansi in relevant countries.

Key words: Nardostachys jatamansi, medicinal plant, community structure, habitat simulation, Non-Detriment Findings of CITES

王文琪, 杨永川, 昌维, 胡四维, 牟文博, 曾岩 (2025) 不同生境下甘松群落结构、生长特征及潜在资源量估算. 生物多样性, 33, 25382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025382.

Wenqi Wang, Yongchuan Yang, Wei Chang, Siwei Hu, Wenbo Mu, Yan Zeng (2025) Community structure, growth characteristics, and potential resource assessment of Nardostachys jatamansi in varied habitats. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025382.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025382

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I11/25382

图/表 11

图1 四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州红原县地理位置及高程图

Fig. 1 Location and altitude map of Hongyuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

表1 四川省红原县甘松野外调查点位信息表

Table 1 Field survey data sheet for Nardostachys jatamansi in Hongyuan County, Sichuan Province

样地编号 Sample plot number	经度 Longitude (°E)	纬度 Latitude (°N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	地形 Topography	土壤湿度 Soil water content (%)	生境类型 Habitat type
HY-1	103.25	32.93	3,750	山坡坡地 Hillside	32.90 ± 2.34	中生 Mesic
HY-2	102.60	33.09	3,539	山坡坡地 Hillside	26.93 ± 2.22	中生 Mesic
HY-3	102.61	33.00	3,487	山坡坡地 Hillside	23.37 ± 3.32	中生 Mesic
HY-4	102.96	33.08	3,721	山坡坡地 Hillside	35.9 ± 7.04	中生 Mesic
HY-5	102.31	32.66	3,495	山谷洼地 Valley bottom	39.03 ± 4.52	湿润 Humid
HY-6	102.61	32.75	3,621	山坡坡地 Hillside	25.23 ± 4.24	中生 Mesic
HY-7	102.64	32.68	3,814	山坡坡地 Hillside	26.13 ± 3.54	中生 Mesic
HY-8	102.46	32.95	3,685	河漫滩 Floodplain	50.43 ± 4.33	湿润 Humid
HY-9	102.61	32.87	3,495	山谷洼地 Valley bottom	46.40 ± 8.19	湿润 Humid
HY-10	102.61	33.03	3,481	河漫滩 Floodplain	55.63 ± 3.99	湿润 Humid
HY-11	102.23	32.39	3,637	河漫滩 Floodplain	48.03 ± 8.02	湿润 Humid
HY-12	102.08	32.50	3,482	河漫滩 Floodplain	50.46 ± 4.04	湿润 Humid

图2 甘松群落的样带调查(a)及单个样方中甘松常见分布(b)示意图。绿色格子代表有甘松, 每格对应1%盖度。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of transect survey of Nardostachys jatamansi community (a) and its common distribution pattern within a single sample plot (b). Green grids indicate the presence of N. jatamansi, with each grid representing 1% coverage.

表2 甘松自然群落调查中出现频率前20位的物种

Table 2 Top 20 most frequently encountered species in natural Nardostachys jatamansi communities

物种 Species	频次 Count	频率 Frequency (%)	是否药用 Medicinal/Non-medicinal
甘松 Nardostachys jatamansi	36	3.85	是 Medicinal
嵩草 Carex myosuroides	36	3.85	否 Non-medicinal
早熟禾 Poa annua	34	3.64	是 Medicinal
委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis	32	3.42	是 Medicinal
条叶银莲花 Anemone coelestina var. linearis	30	3.21	是 Medicinal
喜湿龙胆 Gentiana helophila	29	3.10	否 Non-medicinal
老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii	27	2.89	是 Medicinal
川西风毛菊 Saussurea dzeurensis	26	2.78	是 Medicinal
狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	25	2.67	是 Medicinal
卵萼花锚 Halenia elliptica	25	2.67	是 Medicinal
高原唐松草 Thalictrum cultratum	23	2.46	是 Medicinal
矮金莲花 Trollius farreri	22	2.35	是 Medicinal
珠芽蓼 Bistorta vivipara	22	2.35	是 Medicinal
草玉梅 Anemone rivularis	19	2.03	是 Medicinal
高原毛茛 Ranunculus tanguticus	19	2.03	是 Medicinal
深红龙胆 Gentiana rubicunda	18	1.93	是 Medicinal
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	17	1.82	是 Medicinal
米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna	16	1.71	是 Medicinal
羊茅 Festuca ovina	16	1.71	否 Non-medicinal
虉草 Phalaris arundinacea	16	1.71	是 Medicinal

图3 不同生境下的甘松群落多样性特征。P < 0.001表示差异显著。

Fig. 3 Diversity characteristics of Nardostachys jatamansi communities across varied habitats. A P-value of < 0.001 indicates that the difference was statistically significant.

图4 甘松自然群落物种组成的RDA排序图(a)和影响物种组成的环境因子的方差分解(b)。TP: 土壤总磷; SOM: 土壤有机质; SM: 土壤含水量; MAP: 年降水量; bio4: 最干月降水量。

Fig. 4 RDA ranking diagram of species composition in natural Nardostachys jatamansi communities (a) and variation partitioning of environmental factors affecting species composition (b). TP, Total phosphorus; SOM, Soil organic matter; SM, Soil water content; MAP, Mean annual precipitation; bio4, Precipitation of driest month.

图5 不同生境下甘松单位面积干生物量(a)、根冠比(b)和鲜干比(c)的比较。P < 0.05表示差异显著。

Fig. 5 Comparison of biomass (a), root-to-shoot ratio (b), and fresh weight to dry weight ratio (c) of Nardostachys jatamansi in varied habitats. A P-value of < 0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant.

图6 不同生境下甘松根长(a)及甘松新酮含量(b)的比较。P < 0.05表示差异显著。

Fig. 6 Comparison of root length of Nardostachys jatamansi (a) and nardosinone content (b) in varied habitats. A P-value of < 0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant.

图7 红原县甘松自然种群的潜在适生区分布概率图(a)及潜在适生区分布图(b)

Fig. 7 Potential habitat suitability probability map (a) and potential habitat distribution map (b) of the natural Nardostachys jatamansi population in Hongyuan County

表3 红原县甘松单位面积生物量的多元线性回归方程

Table 3 Multivariate linear regression equation for biomass per unit area of Nardostachys jatamansi in Hongyuan County

变量 Independent variable	估计值 Estimate	标准误 Std. error	t	P
(Intercept)	1389.38	441.78	3.145	<0.001
altitude	-0.20	0.12	-1.691	0.094
MAT	291.93	86.42	3.378	<0.001
bio3	-22.78	9.97	-2.284	0.024
bio6	-306.33	67.71	-4.524	<0.001
bio7	-180.91	43.40	-4.168	<0.001
MAP	0.83	0.47	1.761	0.081
aspect	-0.16	0.05	-3.293	<0.001
SM	365.24	263.41	1.387	0.169

图8 红原县甘松潜在自然资源量图

Fig. 8 Map of potential natural resources of Nardostachys jatamansi in Hongyuan County

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不同生境下甘松群落结构、生长特征及潜在资源量估算

Community structure, growth characteristics, and potential resource assessment of Nardostachys jatamansi in varied habitats

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