生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 23428. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023428 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023428
时永强1,2,3(), 栾青杉1,2,3(), 单秀娟1,2,3,*(), 韦超1,3, 赵永松1,3(), 孙策策1,3, 金显仕1,2,3
收稿日期:
2023-11-09
接受日期:
2024-04-11
出版日期:
2024-07-20
发布日期:
2024-04-15
通讯作者:
*E-mail: shanxj@ysfri.ac.cn
基金资助:
Yongqiang Shi1,2,3(), Qingshan Luan1,2,3(), Xiujuan Shan1,2,3,*(), Chao Wei1,3, Yongsong Zhao1,3(), Cece Sun1,3, Xianshi Jin1,2,3
Received:
2023-11-09
Accepted:
2024-04-11
Online:
2024-07-20
Published:
2024-04-15
Contact:
*E-mail: shanxj@ysfri.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
根据2021年3‒12月浅水II型浮游生物网在长岛南部海域10个航次调查结果, 研究了该海域浮游动物种类组成、群落结构的周年变化规律。共鉴定浮游动物53种(类), 其中浮游幼虫17类, 桡足类16种, 刺胞动物8种, 端足类3种, 枝角类、涟虫类、尾索动物各2种, 栉板动物、十足类、毛颚动物各1种。浮游动物种类数自3月起逐月升高, 并在7月达到最高值, 而后逐渐降低, 变化幅度是19‒38。受采样网具影响, 长岛南部海域浮游动物优势种以小型桡足类和浮游幼虫为主, 在排名前五位的优势种中, 小型桡足类拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、洪氏纺锤水蚤(Acartia hongi)出现在所有调查月份, 而大型桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)出现2次, 浮游幼虫仅出现在夏季和秋季。在浮游动物各类群中, 桡足类丰度最高, 其次是浮游幼虫。多元统计分析结果显示, 不同月份间浮游动物群落结构总体差异达极显著水平(P < 0.01), 其中仅3月和4月差异不显著。与莱州湾、崂山湾、胶州湾对比, 长岛南部海域浮游动物物种数最少, 但物种多样性指数平均水平最高, 且周年变化幅度最小(2.73‒3.15), 可能与其水体流通性强、初级生产力较高有关。
中图分类号:
时永强, 栾青杉, 单秀娟, 韦超, 赵永松, 孙策策, 金显仕 (2024) 长岛南部海域浮游动物多样性周年变化. 生物多样性, 32, 23428. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023428.
Yongqiang Shi, Qingshan Luan, Xiujuan Shan, Chao Wei, Yongsong Zhao, Cece Sun, Xianshi Jin (2024) Annual changes in zooplankton biodiversity in the southern waters of Changdao. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23428. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023428.
图2 长岛南部海域不同月份海水温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度变化。SST: 表层海水温度; SBT: 底层海水温度; SSS: 表层海水盐度; SBS: 底层海水盐度。
Fig. 2 Monthly changes of seawater temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a concentration in the southern waters of Changdao. SST, Sea surface temperature; SBT, Sea bottom temperature; SSS, Sea surface salinity; SBS, Sea bottom salinity.
图3 长岛南部海域不同月份浮游动物种类数(a)、总丰度和总生物量(b)变化
Fig. 3 Monthly changes of zooplankton species richness (a), total abundance, and biomass (b) in the southern waters of Changdao
物种 Species | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
洪氏纺锤水蚤 Acartia hongi | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.28 |
沃氏纺锤水蚤 Acartia omorii | / | / | * | 0.06 | 0.07 | * | 0.02 | 0.03 | * | 0.05 |
太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.10 | * | * | 0.03 | * | * | / | / |
中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus | 0.09 | * | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | * | * | 0.02 | 0.03 |
腹针胸刺水蚤 Centropages abdominalis | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.05 | * | 0.03 | * | 0.03 | * | 0.07 |
近缘大眼水蚤 Corycaeus affinis | 0.06 | 0.02 | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | 0.07 | 0.09 |
圆唇角水蚤 Labidocera rotunda | / | * | / | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | / | / |
拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
强额拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus crassirostris | * | * | * | * | 0.03 | * | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | * |
小拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus parvus | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa | * | * | * | * | * | 0.03 | * | 0.02 | * | * |
异体住囊虫 Oikopleura dioica | / | * | / | 0.02 | * | * | * | 0.03 | 0.03 | * |
腹足类幼虫 Gastropoda larvae | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | * |
双壳类幼虫 Bivalvia larvae | * | 0.02 | * | * | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
桡足类无节幼虫 Copepoda nauplii | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | * | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | * | 0.04 |
短尾类溞状幼虫 Brachyura zoea larvae | / | * | * | * | * | 0.05 | * | / | * | / |
蛇尾长腕幼虫 Ophiopluteus larvae | / | * | / | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | / | / |
表1 2021年各月份长岛南部海域浮游动物优势种的优势度。*表示优势度< 0.02; /表示未采集到该物种。
Table 1 Dominance index (Y) of zooplankton dominant species from March to December in 2021 in the southern waters of Changdao. * Y < 0.02; / means no individuals were collected.
物种 Species | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
洪氏纺锤水蚤 Acartia hongi | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.28 |
沃氏纺锤水蚤 Acartia omorii | / | / | * | 0.06 | 0.07 | * | 0.02 | 0.03 | * | 0.05 |
太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.10 | * | * | 0.03 | * | * | / | / |
中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus | 0.09 | * | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | * | * | 0.02 | 0.03 |
腹针胸刺水蚤 Centropages abdominalis | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.05 | * | 0.03 | * | 0.03 | * | 0.07 |
近缘大眼水蚤 Corycaeus affinis | 0.06 | 0.02 | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | 0.07 | 0.09 |
圆唇角水蚤 Labidocera rotunda | / | * | / | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | / | / |
拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona similis | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
强额拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus crassirostris | * | * | * | * | 0.03 | * | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | * |
小拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus parvus | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
强壮滨箭虫 Aidanosagitta crassa | * | * | * | * | * | 0.03 | * | 0.02 | * | * |
异体住囊虫 Oikopleura dioica | / | * | / | 0.02 | * | * | * | 0.03 | 0.03 | * |
腹足类幼虫 Gastropoda larvae | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | * | * |
双壳类幼虫 Bivalvia larvae | * | 0.02 | * | * | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
桡足类无节幼虫 Copepoda nauplii | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | * | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | * | 0.04 |
短尾类溞状幼虫 Brachyura zoea larvae | / | * | * | * | * | 0.05 | * | / | * | / |
蛇尾长腕幼虫 Ophiopluteus larvae | / | * | / | * | * | * | 0.02 | * | / | / |
图4 长岛南部海域不同月份桡足类(a)和浮游幼虫(b)种类组成占比和丰度变化
Fig. 4 Monthly changes of percentage composition and abundance of copepods (a) and pelagic larvae (b) in the southern waters of Changdao
图5 2021年长岛南部海域不同月份浮游动物物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数变化
Fig. 5 Monthly changes of zooplankton species Shannon- Wiener index, richness, and evenness indices in the southern waters of Changdao in 2021
3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4月 Apr. | 0.091 | ||||||||
5月 May | 0.519 | 0.585 | |||||||
6月 Jun. | 0.659 | 0.635 | 0.246 | ||||||
7月 Jul. | 0.927 | 0.895 | 0.731 | 0.268 | |||||
8月 Aug. | 0.847 | 0.817 | 0.587 | 0.303 | 0.234 | ||||
9月 Sep. | 0.946 | 0.880 | 0.851 | 0.618 | 0.527 | 0.210 | |||
10月 Oct. | 0.714 | 0.585 | 0.655 | 0.341 | 0.430 | 0.322 | 0.450 | ||
11月 Nov. | 0.835 | 0.811 | 0.912 | 0.756 | 0.558 | 0.599 | 0.723 | 0.362 | |
12月 Dec. | 0.683 | 0.708 | 0.619 | 0.355 | 0.464 | 0.540 | 0.825 | 0.444 | 0.406 |
表2 不同月份间浮游动物群落结构相似性分析结果(R值)
Table 2 Comparison of the zooplankton community structures between months according to analysis of similarities (R value)
3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4月 Apr. | 0.091 | ||||||||
5月 May | 0.519 | 0.585 | |||||||
6月 Jun. | 0.659 | 0.635 | 0.246 | ||||||
7月 Jul. | 0.927 | 0.895 | 0.731 | 0.268 | |||||
8月 Aug. | 0.847 | 0.817 | 0.587 | 0.303 | 0.234 | ||||
9月 Sep. | 0.946 | 0.880 | 0.851 | 0.618 | 0.527 | 0.210 | |||
10月 Oct. | 0.714 | 0.585 | 0.655 | 0.341 | 0.430 | 0.322 | 0.450 | ||
11月 Nov. | 0.835 | 0.811 | 0.912 | 0.756 | 0.558 | 0.599 | 0.723 | 0.362 | |
12月 Dec. | 0.683 | 0.708 | 0.619 | 0.355 | 0.464 | 0.540 | 0.825 | 0.444 | 0.406 |
区域 Region | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 总计 Total | 数据来源 Source of data | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种类数 Species richness | 长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao | 19 | 25 | 26 | 31 | 38 | 36 | 30 | 26 | 21 | 21 | 53 | 本研究 This study |
莱州湾 Laizhou Bay | 32 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 44 | 44 | 51 | 49 | 29 | / | 73 | 王俊和李忠义, | |
崂山湾 Laoshan Bay* | / | / | 24 | 45 | 44 | 38 | 29 | / | 32 | / | 74 | 王俊和吴强, | |
胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay | 30 | 27 | 32 | 37 | 30 | 34 | 29 | 25 | 32 | 22 | 63 | 周克, 2006① | |
多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao | 2.83 | 2.97 | 2.87 | 3.05 | 3.13 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 3.10 | 2.73 | 3.00 | / | 本研究 This study |
长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao** | 2.83 | 2.97 | 2.87 | 3.05 | 3.12 | 3.14 | 3.13 | 3.09 | 2.72 | 2.97 | / | 本研究 This study | |
莱州湾 Laizhou Bay** | 1.86 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.94 | 2.17 | 2.15 | 2.34 | 2.05 | 2.10 | / | / | 王俊和李忠义, | |
崂山湾 Laoshan Bay* | / | / | 1.80 | 2.29 | 2.81 | 1.79 | 3.23 | / | 2.87 | / | / | 王俊和吴强, | |
胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay | 2.95 | 2.10 | 2.87 | 3.07 | 2.29 | 3.33 | 2.16 | 2.01 | 2.45 | 1.77 | / | 周克, 2006① |
表3 不同区域浮游动物种类数及多样性指数季节变化比较
Table 3 Comparison of monthly zooplankton species richness and Shannon-Wiener index among different regions
区域 Region | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sep. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 总计 Total | 数据来源 Source of data | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种类数 Species richness | 长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao | 19 | 25 | 26 | 31 | 38 | 36 | 30 | 26 | 21 | 21 | 53 | 本研究 This study |
莱州湾 Laizhou Bay | 32 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 44 | 44 | 51 | 49 | 29 | / | 73 | 王俊和李忠义, | |
崂山湾 Laoshan Bay* | / | / | 24 | 45 | 44 | 38 | 29 | / | 32 | / | 74 | 王俊和吴强, | |
胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay | 30 | 27 | 32 | 37 | 30 | 34 | 29 | 25 | 32 | 22 | 63 | 周克, 2006① | |
多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao | 2.83 | 2.97 | 2.87 | 3.05 | 3.13 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 3.10 | 2.73 | 3.00 | / | 本研究 This study |
长岛南部海域 Southern waters of Changdao** | 2.83 | 2.97 | 2.87 | 3.05 | 3.12 | 3.14 | 3.13 | 3.09 | 2.72 | 2.97 | / | 本研究 This study | |
莱州湾 Laizhou Bay** | 1.86 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.94 | 2.17 | 2.15 | 2.34 | 2.05 | 2.10 | / | / | 王俊和李忠义, | |
崂山湾 Laoshan Bay* | / | / | 1.80 | 2.29 | 2.81 | 1.79 | 3.23 | / | 2.87 | / | / | 王俊和吴强, | |
胶州湾 Jiaozhou Bay | 2.95 | 2.10 | 2.87 | 3.07 | 2.29 | 3.33 | 2.16 | 2.01 | 2.45 | 1.77 | / | 周克, 2006① |
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