生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24208.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024208

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能

张明燡1,2,3, 王晓梅1,2,3,4*, 郑言鑫1,2,3, 吴楠1,2,3,5, 李东浩4,6, 樊恩源6, 李娜7, 单秀娟7, 于涛1,2,3, 赵春暖1,2,3, 李波1,2,3, 徐帅1,2,3, 吴玉萍1,2,3, 任利群1,2,3   

  1. 1. 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站, 山东 烟台 265800;2. 中国水产科学研究院贝藻繁育工程技术研究中心, 山东 烟台 265800;3. 中国水产科学研究院岛礁渔业研究中心, 山东 烟台 265800;4. 中国水产科学研究院, 北京 100141;5. 鲁东大学 水产学院, 山东 烟台 264039;6. 中国航天标准化研究所, 北京 100141;7. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30 修回日期:2024-10-26 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 王晓梅

Study on resource status and habitat function of typical oyster reef area in the Yellow River Estuary

Mingyi Zhang1,2,3, Xiaomei Wang1,2,3,4*, Yanxin Zheng1,2,3, Nan Wu1,2,3,5, Donghao Li4,6, Enyuan Fan6, Na Li7, Xiujuan Shan7, Tao Yu1.2.3, Chunnuan Zhao1,2,3, Bo Li1,2,3, Shuai Xu1,2,3, Yuping Wu1,2,3, Liqun Ren1,2,3   

  1. 1 Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 265800, China 

    2 Engineering Technology Research Center of Shellfish and Algae Breeding, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 265800, China 

    3 Island and Reef Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 265800, China 

    4 Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China 

    5 School of Fisheries, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264039, China 

    6 China Astronautics Standards Institute, Beijing, 100141, China 

    7 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China

  • Received:2024-05-30 Revised:2024-10-26 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Xiaomei Wang

摘要: 受人类活动等因素影响, 黄河口牡蛎礁生态系统退化严重。本文选取该区域典型牡蛎礁分布区, 就牡蛎资源、浮游藻类、浮游动物及底栖动物开展调查, 了解不同分布区牡蛎种类组成、生长特征、环境状况, 分析牡蛎礁生态功能。调查结果显示, 在黄河口各牡蛎礁分布区, KL1 (平均壳高6.16 ± 1.63 mm)和KL2 (4.70 ± 6.86 mm)基本均为幼体;WD (平均壳高45.69 ± 22.41 mm)多为成体牡蛎, HK (平均壳高19.68 ± 13.64 mm)牡蛎数量最多;共采集牡蛎样本147个, 种类以长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)为主。浮游藻类共采集3门36种, 浮游动物共采集到4门12种, 底栖动物共采集5门84种, 有礁区甲壳动物优势种显著高于无礁区(P<0.05), 丰度生物量曲线统计量W值有礁区(-0.144)>无礁区(-0.207), 有礁区底栖动物群落结构受扰动程度低于无礁区。研究表明, 与其他区域相比, 黄河口牡蛎资源量整体偏低, 不同区域牡蛎资源量和分布特点不同, 黄河口底栖动物群落结构已受环境和人类活动影响, 牡蛎礁降低底栖动物受干扰程度, 发挥维护生物群落结构稳定的作用。因此, 建议在黄河口根据不同区域牡蛎资源现状, 因地制宜开展科学修复, 通过栖息地功能重建, 促进黄河口区域生态环境恢复, 同时加强宣传, 减少人为破坏和干扰。

关键词: 黄河口, 牡蛎礁, 资源量, 优势度, 群落结构

Abstract

Aims: Oyster reefs provide crucial ecosystem services, but are being seriously degraded globally. Natural oyster resources in the Yellow River Estuary have been severely damaged in recent years due to overfishing and other threat factors. We investigate existing natural oyster resources and the diversity, community structure, and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrobenthos in the typical oyster distribution area of the Yellow River Estuary. Our research provides a better understanding of species composition, growth characteristics, environmental conditions of different distribution areas, and the ecological functions of oyster reefs. These findings will help develop scientific strategies for oyster reef restoration and conservation. 

Methods: The natural oyster resources investigated include Hekou District of Dongying City (HK), Zhanhua District of Binzhou City (ZH) and Wudi County (WD), in the west of the Yellow River Estuary and Kenli District of Dongying City (KL1, KL2) in the south of the Yellow River Estuary. We consider the species composition of oyster based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. We employ one-way ANOVA to analyze species diversity indices across different reef and reef-free areas. The species abundance biomass comparison curve (ABC curve) is used to reveal the disturbance status of macrobenthos community in the Yellow River Estuary. 

Results: In the five study areas around the Yellow River Estuary, oysters in KL1 and KL2 are dominantly juveniles with mean shell height 6.16 ± 1.63 mm and 4.70 ± 6.86 mm, respectively. Oysters in WD are mostly adult (mean shell height 45.69 ± 22.41 mm). The largest oyster population is found in HK (mean shell height 19.68 ± 13.64 mm). We collected a total of 147 oyster specimens from the Yellow River estuary. From KL1, a total of 13 specimens with 11 identified as Crassostrea gigas and 2 Crassostrea ariakensis. Among the 39 oyster specimens from KL2, there are 4 species including 19 of C. gigas, 6 of C. ariakensis, 8 of Crassostrea talonata, and 6 of Nanostrea fluctigera. There are 8 oyster specimens from WD including 4 of C. gigas and 4 of C. ariakensis. All 87 oyster specimens from HK are identified as C. gigas. A total of 36 species are identified as belonging to 3 phyla of phytoplankton with the dominant species belonging to bacillariophyta. There are a total of 21 species belonging to 4 phyla of zooplankton. The dominant species in the reef area is jellyfish, while the dominant species in the reef-free area is Noctiluca scintillans. A total of 84 species are identified as belonging to 5 phyla of macrobenthos. The dominant species in the reef areas is crustaceans and polychaetes, while in the reef-free area mollusks and ostracods. The dominant species of crustaceans in reef areas is significantly higher than in reef-free areas (P < 0.05). The abundance curves of both reef and reef-free areas are above the biomass curves, and the statistical W value of reef area (–0.144) is higher than of the reef-free area (–0.207). 

Conclusion: Oyster reefs in various areas of the Yellow River Estuary are differ in oyster species composition, numbers of adult, and larval recruitments. The overall resource quantity is relatively low in the Yellow River Estuary when compared with other regions. The macrobenthos community structure of the Yellow River Estuary is significantly affected by environmental and human activities, but those in the reef area are less disturbed than in the reef-free area. Our results indicate oyster reefs reduce the disturbance degree to macrobenthos and play a role in maintaining the stability of biological community structure. Therefore, we suggest strengthening publicity and education is necessary to reduce human damage and interference to oyster reefs. Further, public education will be helpful in scientific restoration according to the current characteristics of oysters in different regions and improving the ecological environment of the Yellow River estuary through habitat function reconstruction.

Key words: Yellow River Estuary, oyster reef, resource status, dominance value, community structure