人类活动对高黎贡白眉长臂猿(Hoolock tianxing)栖息地乔木多样性及潜在食物资源的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025271

生物多样性

人类活动对高黎贡白眉长臂猿(Hoolock tianxing)栖息地乔木多样性及潜在食物资源的影响

袁林溪^1,2, 王美震^1,2, 张利祥³, 李彭³, 张永生³, 蒋学龙^4*, 管振华^1,2*

1. 西南林业大学西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650224; 2. 西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院, 昆明 650224; 3. 云南铜壁关省级自然保护区管护局, 云南德宏 678400; 4. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室/遗传进化与动物模型重点实验室, 昆明 650223

收稿日期:2025-07-14 修回日期:2025-10-01 接受日期:2026-01-26
通讯作者: 管振华

Impact of human activities on the diversity of trees and potential food resources in the habitat of Hoolock tianxing

Linxi Yuan^1,2, Meizhen Wang^1,2, Lixiang Zhang³, Peng Li³, Yongsheng Zhang³, Xuelong Jiang^4*, Zhenhua Guan^1,2*

1 Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

2 Yunan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

3 Yunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, Dehong, Yunnan 678400, China

4 Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China

Received:2025-07-14 Revised:2025-10-01 Accepted:2026-01-26
Contact: Zhenhua Guan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高黎贡白眉长臂猿(Hoolock tianxing)是典型的树栖灵长类物种, 其栖息地因长期遭受人为干扰而高度破碎化。为探究其栖息地乔木多样性和食物资源状况以及人为干扰的影响, 我们于2023年7–8月在云南省盈江县苏典乡选择6个高黎贡白眉长臂猿群体的核心活动区域布设了26个20 m × 20 m的乔木样方进行调查; 基于土地利用数据构建了一个新的人为干扰强度量化评估指数——栖息地干扰指数(habitat disturbance index, HDI), 利用线性混合模型分析了HDI及海拔对乔木群落α和β多样性的影响, 利用广义线性混合模型分析了HDI及海拔对食物树种丰富度的影响; 计算了各物种的重要值(importance value, IV)及累积IV占比, 将累积IV占比达到50%的前若干种界定为群落优势树种, 并对高黎贡白眉长臂猿食物树种的保有状况进行了评估。样方调查共记录乔木21目34科58属146种; HDI和海拔对乔木群落的α多样性无显著影响, 但均显著负向影响β多样性的主要梯度。在研究区域的26个优势树种中, 有10种(38.46%)为高黎贡白眉长臂猿的食物树种; 且所有食物树种的总IV占所有物种总IV的24.84%, 表明当前的食物资源得以有效保留并维持一定丰度。另外, 海拔对高黎贡白眉长臂猿食物树种数量具有显著正向影响, 而HDI未显著影响食物树种丰富度, 这提示高海拔区域可能在维持高黎贡白眉长臂猿食物资源方面发挥着重要作用, 体现了食物树种对适度干扰的生态韧性。本研究揭示了受干扰森林斑块在支持高黎贡白眉长臂猿生存中的潜在价值以及人为干扰和海拔对其栖息地乔木群落组成结构的影响。在评估濒危物种的适宜栖息地时, 不能简单地将受干扰区域视为低价值栖息地, 需对森林质量和干扰程度进行综合评估, 将保有重要食物资源的区域纳入保护规划。

关键词: 高黎贡白眉长臂猿, 人为干扰, 栖息地干扰指数, 食物资源, 乔木多样性

Abstract

Aims: The Hoolock tianxing is a typical arboreal primate species whose habitat has been highly fragmented due to long-term human disturbance. This study evaluated the impacts of human disturbance and altitude on tree community diversity and availability of food resources in the habitat of H. tianxing.

Methods: From July to August 2023, we surveyed 26 tree plots (20 m 20 m) established in the core activity areas of six H. tianxing groups in Sudian Township, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. A new quantitative index of human disturbance intensity, the habitat disturbance index (HDI), was developed using land-use data. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of HDI and altitude on α and β diversity of tree communities, and generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate their effects on the richness of food tree species. Dominant tree species were identified using species importance value (IV) and the cumulative IV proportion, with species contributing to the first 50% of cumulative IV were defined as dominant; we further assessed the retention status of food tree species.

Results: We recorded 146 tree species belonging to 58 genera, 34 families, and 21 orders. The α diversity of tree communities was not significantly affected by HDI or altitude. In contrast, both HDI and altitude significantly and negatively affected the primary gradient of β diversity. Among the 26 dominant tree species, 10 (38.46%) were food tree species for H. tianxing. The total IV of all food tree species accounted for 24.84% of the total IV across all species, suggesting that food resources are currently well retained and remain relatively abundant. Additionally, altitude had a significant positive effect on the richness of food tree species, whereas HDI did not, indicating that higher-altitude areas may play an important role in sustaining food resources and that food tree species may show an ecological resilience to moderate disturbance.

Conclusion: Disturbed forest patches can still provide meaningful support for H. tianxing by retaining food resources at appreciable levels, while human disturbance and altitude jointly affect variation in tree community composition in its habitat. Disturbed areas should not be automatically treated as low-value habitat in conservation assessments; instead, forest quality and disturbance levels should be evaluated integratively, and areas retaining important food resources should be incorporated into conservation planning.

Key words: Hoolock tianxing, human disturbance, habitat disturbance index, food resources, tree diversity

袁林溪, 王美震, 张利祥, 李彭, 张永生, 蒋学龙, 管振华. 人类活动对高黎贡白眉长臂猿(Hoolock tianxing)栖息地乔木多样性及潜在食物资源的影响. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025271.

Linxi Yuan, Meizhen Wang, Lixiang Zhang, Peng Li, Yongsheng Zhang, Xuelong Jiang, Zhenhua Guan. Impact of human activities on the diversity of trees and potential food resources in the habitat of Hoolock tianxing. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025271.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025271

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