城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系构建及其在上海世博会管理中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139

城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系构建及其在上海世博会管理中的应用

鞠瑞亭¹^,², 李博²^,^*()

1 上海市园林科学研究所植物保护研究部, 上海 200232
2 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 复旦大学生物多样性研究所, 上海 200433

收稿日期:2011-08-15 接受日期:2011-11-16 出版日期:2012-01-20 发布日期:2012-02-14
通讯作者: 李博
作者简介:*E-mail: bool@fudan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划(2008BAJ10B06-02);上海市科委基础研究重点项目(10JC1414100);上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G092401);上海市绿化和市容管理局科技攻关项目(G102403)

A risk analysis system for alien species in urban green spaces and application to the 2010 Expo, Shanghai

Ruiting Ju¹^,², Bo Li²^,^*()

1 Department of Plant Protection, Shanghai Institute of Landscape Gardening Science, Shanghai 200232
2 Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433

Received:2011-08-15 Accepted:2011-11-16 Online:2012-01-20 Published:2012-02-14
Contact: Bo Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来物种风险分析是防止生物入侵的有效手段之一。本文按照风险识别、风险评估和风险管理3个阶段, 构建了城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系。文中提出了4个层次、26个指标构成风险评估指标体系, 此体系囊括了城市绿地外来物种的传入、定殖、扩散、危害等入侵风险形成的基本要素, 并规范了风险指数的计算方法。以2010年上海世博会引进日本景观苗木可能携带的外来物种为对象, 对该体系在生产实践中进行了应用。结果表明: 高风险物种共7种, 涉及害虫4种、植物病原微生物2种、植物线虫1种; 中风险物种共10种, 涉及害虫3种、植物病原微生物4种、植物线虫3种; 低、极低风险物种各1种。根据风险分析结果, 对以上物种提出了有针对性的风险管理措施。实践表明, 该风险分析体系实用性强, 在上海世博会植物引种过程中为防止外来物种入侵起到了较好的预警效果, 为管理者提供了有价值的决策参考, 有力保障了上海世博会期间的生态安全。

关键词: 城市林业, 风险评估, 上海世博会, 生物入侵, 植物引种

Abstract

Invasive species pose risks to regional economies and public health as well as imposing serious damage to natural ecosystems. Urban ecosystems are more susceptible to biological invasions than other ecosystems because they are subjected to more frequent human disturbances. Green space acts as important channels for the spread of alien species into urban ecosystems. Risk analysis can be an effective tool used for preventing invasion of alien species. Although various risk analysis systems have been developed for agricultural and forest ecosystems or nature reserves, the domestic effort to manage risks associated with invasive species in urban green spaces has been limited in China. Therefore, there is a pressing need for formulating scientifically sound methods and approaches for risk analysis in this emerging field. Here, we presented a risk analysis system including risk identification, assessment and management for biological invasions in urban green spaces. Based on risk identification for alien species, we established a risk assessment index that consisted of 4 different layers, i.e. object, item, factor, index layers. A total of 26 index parameters were proposed to assess the risk level, which originated from the risks involved in introduction, colonization, spread and damage of alien species in urban green spaces. In addition, methods for index quantification, weight setting, modeling and risk grading were presented. Applying this system, we analyzed the risks of alien pest species potentially attached to trees brought from Japan to China to green landscapes for the 2010 Expo in Shanghai. Our results showed that 7 species posed a high risk (4 insects, 2 plant pathogens, and 1 plant nematode), 10 species a moderate risk (3 insects, 4 plant pathogens and 3 plant nematodes), and other 2 species (1 insect and 1 nematode) a low or extremely low risk. Based on this analysis, risk management measures were suggested to help local policy-makers set priorities for the management of these alien pests. Monitoring did not reveal the presence of any invasive pests during or after the Expo, suggesting that the risk analysis system may have provided an effective tool for preventing the introduction of invasive alien species and effectively ensuring the ecological security of the 2010 Expo, Shanghai, China.

Key words: urban forestry, risk assessment, Shanghai Expo, biological invasions, plant introduction

鞠瑞亭, 李博 (2012) 城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系构建及其在上海世博会管理中的应用. 生物多样性, 20, 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139.

Ruiting Ju, Bo Li (2012) A risk analysis system for alien species in urban green spaces and application to the 2010 Expo, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 20, 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I1/12

图/表 5

参考文献 42

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物种名称 Species	风险识别结果 Results of risk identification
星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、角蜡蚧(Ceroplastes ceriferus)、龟蜡蚧(C. Floridensis)、日本龟蜡蚧(C. japonicus)、网籽草叶圆蚧(Chrysomphalus dictyospermi)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、茶黄毒蛾(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)	上海已广泛分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed widely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated.
温室蓟马(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)、松瘤锈病菌(Cronartium quercuum)	上海局部地区分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated.
兰毛呆蓟马(Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)、罗汉松蛀皮天牛(Hirticlytus comosus)、枫蚜(Periphyllus californiensis)、五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Phyllophaga sp.)、栎长小蠹(Platypus quercivorus)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、梨豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera pyrina)、口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Anastrophella podocarpicola)、假蜜环菌(Armillaria tabescens)、山茶花花腐病菌(Ciborinia camelliae)、草莓炭疽果腐病菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)、棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Corynelia nipponensis)、栎枯菌(Raffaelea quercivora)	未传入, 但上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species unfound in Shanghai, likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time.
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Meloidogyne sp.)、肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)	上海传入情况未知, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需评估 The species unknown to local managers; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time.
胼胝拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)	上海局部地区分布, 危害后果未知, 需要进行风险评估 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, but their effects unknown clearly; the risk analysis needed.
美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)	曾传入上海, 但已于1999年根除;上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species found previously in Shanghai, and eradicated in 1999. Those likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time

物种名称 Species	风险识别结果 Results of risk identification
星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、角蜡蚧(Ceroplastes ceriferus)、龟蜡蚧(C. Floridensis)、日本龟蜡蚧(C. japonicus)、网籽草叶圆蚧(Chrysomphalus dictyospermi)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、茶黄毒蛾(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)	上海已广泛分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed widely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated.
温室蓟马(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)、松瘤锈病菌(Cronartium quercuum)	上海局部地区分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated.
兰毛呆蓟马(Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)、罗汉松蛀皮天牛(Hirticlytus comosus)、枫蚜(Periphyllus californiensis)、五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Phyllophaga sp.)、栎长小蠹(Platypus quercivorus)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、梨豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera pyrina)、口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Anastrophella podocarpicola)、假蜜环菌(Armillaria tabescens)、山茶花花腐病菌(Ciborinia camelliae)、草莓炭疽果腐病菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)、棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Corynelia nipponensis)、栎枯菌(Raffaelea quercivora)	未传入, 但上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species unfound in Shanghai, likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time.
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Meloidogyne sp.)、肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)	上海传入情况未知, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需评估 The species unknown to local managers; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time.
胼胝拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)	上海局部地区分布, 危害后果未知, 需要进行风险评估 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, but their effects unknown clearly; the risk analysis needed.
美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)	曾传入上海, 但已于1999年根除;上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species found previously in Shanghai, and eradicated in 1999. Those likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time

物种名称 Species
日本金龟子 Popillia japonica	0.78	高 High
栎长小蠹 Platypus quercivorus	0.77	高 High
栎枯菌 Raffaelea quercivora	0.77	高 High
美国白蛾 Hyphantria cunea	0.76	高 High
山茶花花腐病菌 Ciborinia camelliae	0.72	高 High
穿刺短体线虫 Pratylenchus penetrans	0.72	高 High
梨豹蠹蛾 Zeuzera pyrina	0.70	高 High
草莓炭疽果腐病菌 Colletotrichum acutatum	0.58	中 Moderate
美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum	0.58	中 Moderate
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种) Meloidogynesp.	0.58	中 Moderate
胼胝拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus porosus	0.58	中 Moderate
罗汉松蛀皮天牛 Hirticlytus comosus	0.59	中 Moderate
口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Anastrophella podocarpicola	0.59	中 Moderate
假蜜环菌 Armillaria tabescens	0.59	中 Moderate
棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Corynelia nipponensis	0.59	中 Moderate
五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种) Phyllophaga sp.	0.53	中 Moderate
兰毛呆蓟马 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii	0.52	中 Moderate
肾形线虫 Rotylenchulus reniformis	0.30	低 Low
枫蚜 Periphyllus californiensis	0	极低 Very low

物种名称 Species
日本金龟子 Popillia japonica	0.78	高 High
栎长小蠹 Platypus quercivorus	0.77	高 High
栎枯菌 Raffaelea quercivora	0.77	高 High
美国白蛾 Hyphantria cunea	0.76	高 High
山茶花花腐病菌 Ciborinia camelliae	0.72	高 High
穿刺短体线虫 Pratylenchus penetrans	0.72	高 High
梨豹蠹蛾 Zeuzera pyrina	0.70	高 High
草莓炭疽果腐病菌 Colletotrichum acutatum	0.58	中 Moderate
美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum	0.58	中 Moderate
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种) Meloidogynesp.	0.58	中 Moderate
胼胝拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus porosus	0.58	中 Moderate
罗汉松蛀皮天牛 Hirticlytus comosus	0.59	中 Moderate
口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Anastrophella podocarpicola	0.59	中 Moderate
假蜜环菌 Armillaria tabescens	0.59	中 Moderate
棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Corynelia nipponensis	0.59	中 Moderate
五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种) Phyllophaga sp.	0.53	中 Moderate
兰毛呆蓟马 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii	0.52	中 Moderate
肾形线虫 Rotylenchulus reniformis	0.30	低 Low
枫蚜 Periphyllus californiensis	0	极低 Very low

城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系构建及其在上海世博会管理中的应用

A risk analysis system for alien species in urban green spaces and application to the 2010 Expo, Shanghai

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