土著昆虫素毒蛾在本地植物芦苇与入侵植物互花米草上的生活史

doi:10.17520/biods.2019035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵盐沼生态系统导致了土著广食性昆虫素毒蛾(Laelia coenosa)发生宿主转移。但是, 目前对素毒蛾在互花米草和芦苇(Phragmites australis)上的生活史规律的比较尚未见报道, 而此信息对评价素毒蛾能否持续利用互花米草具有重要的参考价值。为了明确素毒蛾在其原始宿主芦苇和外来新宿主互花米草上的生活史动态, 我们在上海崇明长江口盐沼湿地中, 对素毒蛾在芦苇和互花米草生境中的发生情况进行了系统调查。结果显示, 虽然素毒蛾在芦苇和互花米草上均一年发生3代, 并都以幼虫越冬, 但在互花米草生境中, 越冬代幼虫开始越冬的时间要比芦苇中晚20 d左右, 其他世代中的多个虫态在互花米草上持续出现的时间也比芦苇上延迟了约10 d。这些结果表明, 互花米草入侵后素毒蛾在外来植物上出现的持续时间虽然发生了延长, 但其年世代数未变化。我们推测素毒蛾在互花米草和芦苇上生长发育规律的差异可能受生境的资源可利用性及两种植物的营养与防御水平调控。

关键词: 适合度, 生物入侵, 生物学特性, 生态陷阱, 植食作用

Abstract

The invasion of Spartina alterniflora into saltmarsh ecosystems has resulted in a host transfer of a native generalist insect, Laelia coenosa. Currently, the life history of L. coenosa on S. alterniflora is unclear, although this information is of great importance for evaluating if the native insect can permanently use S. alterniflora. To compare the differences in life history dynamics of L. coenosa between its native host plant Phragmites australis and the invasive host plant S. alterniflora, we investigated the insect occurrence on the two plant habitats in a saltmarsh of the Yangtze River estuary in Chongming, Shanghai. We found that the insect occurred in three generations and overwintered as larvae on both S. alterniflora and P. australis. The larvae started overwintering about 20 days later on the invasive plant than on the native plant, and emerging duration of the insect at most stages of other generations was also approximately 10 days later on the invasive than on native plant. These results suggest that following S. alterniflora invasion the duration of the moth’s appearance on the invasive plant is prolonged however the number of annual generations does not change. We speculate that the differences in growth and development of L. coenosa between S. alterniflora and P. australis may be related to resource availability between plant habitats and the nutritional and defensive levels between plant species.

Key words: fitness, biological invasion, biological characteristics, ecological trap, herbivory

余文生,郭耀霖,江佳佳,孙可可,鞠瑞亭 (2019) 土著昆虫素毒蛾在本地植物芦苇与入侵植物互花米草上的生活史. 生物多样性, 27, 433-438. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019035.

Yu Wensheng,Guo Yaolin,Jiang Jiajia,Sun Keke,Ju Ruiting (2019) Comparison of the life history of a native insect Laelia coenosa with a native plant Phragmites australis and an invasive plant Spartina alterniflora. Biodiversity Science, 27, 433-438. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019035.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019035

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I4/433

图/表 3

参考文献 21

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世代 Generation	生境 Habitat type	4月 April			5月 May			6月 June			7月 July			8月 August			9月 Septemper			10月 October			11月 November			12月至次年3月 December to March
世代 Generation	生境 Habitat type	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P
越冬代 Over- wintering	芦苇 Phragmites australis	(-)	(-)	-	-	-	-
							▲	▲
								+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	(-)	(-)	-	-	-	-	-
							▲	▲	▲
								+	+	+
第1代 The 1^st	芦苇 Phragmites australis							●	●	●
									-	-	-	-	-
												▲	▲	▲
													+	+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora							●	●	●	●
									-	-	-	-	-	-
												▲	▲	▲	▲
													+	+	+
第2代 The 2^nd	芦苇 Phragmites australis												●	●	●	●
														-	-	-	-	-	-
																	▲	▲	▲	▲
																		+	+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora												●	●	●	●
														-	-	-	-	-	-
																	▲	▲	▲	▲
																		+	+	+	+
第3代(越冬) The 3^rd (Over- wintering)	芦苇 Phragmites australis																			●	●
	芦苇 Phragmites australis																				-	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora																			●	●	●
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora																				-	-	-	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)

世代 Generation	生境 Habitat type	4月 April			5月 May			6月 June			7月 July			8月 August			9月 Septemper			10月 October			11月 November			12月至次年3月 December to March
世代 Generation	生境 Habitat type	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P	A	M	P
越冬代 Over- wintering	芦苇 Phragmites australis	(-)	(-)	-	-	-	-
							▲	▲
								+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	(-)	(-)	-	-	-	-	-
							▲	▲	▲
								+	+	+
第1代 The 1^st	芦苇 Phragmites australis							●	●	●
									-	-	-	-	-
												▲	▲	▲
													+	+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora							●	●	●	●
									-	-	-	-	-	-
												▲	▲	▲	▲
													+	+	+
第2代 The 2^nd	芦苇 Phragmites australis												●	●	●	●
														-	-	-	-	-	-
																	▲	▲	▲	▲
																		+	+	+
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora												●	●	●	●
														-	-	-	-	-	-
																	▲	▲	▲	▲
																		+	+	+	+
第3代(越冬) The 3^rd (Over- wintering)	芦苇 Phragmites australis																			●	●
	芦苇 Phragmites australis																				-	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora																			●	●	●
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora																				-	-	-	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)