生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139
所属专题: 生物入侵
收稿日期:
2011-08-15
接受日期:
2011-11-16
出版日期:
2012-01-20
发布日期:
2012-02-14
通讯作者:
李博
作者简介:
*E-mail: bool@fudan.edu.cn基金资助:
Received:
2011-08-15
Accepted:
2011-11-16
Online:
2012-01-20
Published:
2012-02-14
Contact:
Bo Li
摘要:
外来物种风险分析是防止生物入侵的有效手段之一。本文按照风险识别、风险评估和风险管理3个阶段, 构建了城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系。文中提出了4个层次、26个指标构成风险评估指标体系, 此体系囊括了城市绿地外来物种的传入、定殖、扩散、危害等入侵风险形成的基本要素, 并规范了风险指数的计算方法。以2010年上海世博会引进日本景观苗木可能携带的外来物种为对象, 对该体系在生产实践中进行了应用。结果表明: 高风险物种共7种, 涉及害虫4种、植物病原微生物2种、植物线虫1种; 中风险物种共10种, 涉及害虫3种、植物病原微生物4种、植物线虫3种; 低、极低风险物种各1种。根据风险分析结果, 对以上物种提出了有针对性的风险管理措施。实践表明, 该风险分析体系实用性强, 在上海世博会植物引种过程中为防止外来物种入侵起到了较好的预警效果, 为管理者提供了有价值的决策参考, 有力保障了上海世博会期间的生态安全。
鞠瑞亭, 李博 (2012) 城市绿地外来物种风险分析体系构建及其在上海世博会管理中的应用. 生物多样性, 20, 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139.
Ruiting Ju, Bo Li (2012) A risk analysis system for alien species in urban green spaces and application to the 2010 Expo, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 20, 12-23. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.12139.
极低风险 Very low | 低风险 Low | 中风险 Moderate | 高风险 High | 极高风险 Very high | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R值 Value of R | 0-0.20 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.60-0.80 | 0.80-1.00 |
表3 风险等级及取值范围
Table 3 Risk levels and their values
极低风险 Very low | 低风险 Low | 中风险 Moderate | 高风险 High | 极高风险 Very high | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R值 Value of R | 0-0.20 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.60-0.80 | 0.80-1.00 |
物种名称 Species | 风险识别结果 Results of risk identification |
---|---|
星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、角蜡蚧(Ceroplastes ceriferus)、龟蜡蚧(C. Floridensis)、日本龟蜡蚧(C. japonicus)、网籽草叶圆蚧(Chrysomphalus dictyospermi)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、茶黄毒蛾(Euproctis pseudoconspersa) | 上海已广泛分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed widely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated. |
温室蓟马(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)、松瘤锈病菌(Cronartium quercuum) | 上海局部地区分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated. |
兰毛呆蓟马(Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)、罗汉松蛀皮天牛(Hirticlytus comosus)、枫蚜(Periphyllus californiensis)、 五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Phyllophaga sp.)、栎长小蠹(Platypus quercivorus)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、梨豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera pyrina)、口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Anastrophella podocarpicola)、假蜜环菌(Armillaria tabescens)、山茶花花腐病菌(Ciborinia camelliae)、草莓炭疽果腐病菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)、棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Corynelia nipponensis)、栎枯菌(Raffaelea quercivora) | 未传入, 但上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species unfound in Shanghai, likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time. |
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Meloidogyne sp.)、肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis) | 上海传入情况未知, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需评估 The species unknown to local managers; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time. |
胼胝拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum) | 上海局部地区分布, 危害后果未知, 需要进行风险评估 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, but their effects unknown clearly; the risk analysis needed. |
美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea) | 曾传入上海, 但已于1999年根除;上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species found previously in Shanghai, and eradicated in 1999. Those likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time |
表4 2010年上海世博会引进日本苗木可能携带外来物种的风险识别
Table 4 Risk identification of alien species carried by seedlings imported from Japan to China for the 2010 Expo, Shanghai
物种名称 Species | 风险识别结果 Results of risk identification |
---|---|
星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)、茶细蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、角蜡蚧(Ceroplastes ceriferus)、龟蜡蚧(C. Floridensis)、日本龟蜡蚧(C. japonicus)、网籽草叶圆蚧(Chrysomphalus dictyospermi)、柑橘粉虱(Dialeurodes citri)、茶黄毒蛾(Euproctis pseudoconspersa) | 上海已广泛分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed widely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated. |
温室蓟马(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)、松瘤锈病菌(Cronartium quercuum) | 上海局部地区分布, 危害后果已知, 风险分析终止 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, their effects known clearly, and the risk analysis terminated. |
兰毛呆蓟马(Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)、罗汉松蛀皮天牛(Hirticlytus comosus)、枫蚜(Periphyllus californiensis)、 五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Phyllophaga sp.)、栎长小蠹(Platypus quercivorus)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、梨豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera pyrina)、口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Anastrophella podocarpicola)、假蜜环菌(Armillaria tabescens)、山茶花花腐病菌(Ciborinia camelliae)、草莓炭疽果腐病菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)、棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名)(Corynelia nipponensis)、栎枯菌(Raffaelea quercivora) | 未传入, 但上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species unfound in Shanghai, likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time. |
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种)(Meloidogyne sp.)、肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis) | 上海传入情况未知, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需评估 The species unknown to local managers; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time. |
胼胝拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum) | 上海局部地区分布, 危害后果未知, 需要进行风险评估 The species distributed sparsely in Shanghai, but their effects unknown clearly; the risk analysis needed. |
美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea) | 曾传入上海, 但已于1999年根除;上海可能是其适生地, 以前没有进行过风险分析, 需要评估 The species found previously in Shanghai, and eradicated in 1999. Those likely to get established; the risk analysis not conducted previously, and needed this time |
物种名称 Species | 综合风险值 Integrated risk value (R) | 综合风险等级 Risk level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
日本金龟子 Popillia japonica | 0.78 | 高 High | |||
栎长小蠹 Platypus quercivorus | 0.77 | 高 High | |||
栎枯菌 Raffaelea quercivora | 0.77 | 高 High | |||
美国白蛾 Hyphantria cunea | 0.76 | 高 High | |||
山茶花花腐病菌 Ciborinia camelliae | 0.72 | 高 High | |||
穿刺短体线虫 Pratylenchus penetrans | 0.72 | 高 High | |||
梨豹蠹蛾 Zeuzera pyrina | 0.70 | 高 High | |||
草莓炭疽果腐病菌 Colletotrichum acutatum | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种) Meloidogynesp. | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
胼胝拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus porosus | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
罗汉松蛀皮天牛 Hirticlytus comosus | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Anastrophella podocarpicola | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
假蜜环菌 Armillaria tabescens | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Corynelia nipponensis | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种) Phyllophaga sp. | 0.53 | 中 Moderate | |||
兰毛呆蓟马 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii | 0.52 | 中 Moderate | |||
肾形线虫 Rotylenchulus reniformis | 0.30 | 低 Low | |||
枫蚜 Periphyllus californiensis | 0 | 极低 Very low |
表5 2010年上海世博会引进日本苗木可能携带的外来物种的风险等级
Table 5 Integrated risk levels and their values of alien species carried by seedlings imported from Japan to China for the 2010 Expo, Shanghai
物种名称 Species | 综合风险值 Integrated risk value (R) | 综合风险等级 Risk level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
日本金龟子 Popillia japonica | 0.78 | 高 High | |||
栎长小蠹 Platypus quercivorus | 0.77 | 高 High | |||
栎枯菌 Raffaelea quercivora | 0.77 | 高 High | |||
美国白蛾 Hyphantria cunea | 0.76 | 高 High | |||
山茶花花腐病菌 Ciborinia camelliae | 0.72 | 高 High | |||
穿刺短体线虫 Pratylenchus penetrans | 0.72 | 高 High | |||
梨豹蠹蛾 Zeuzera pyrina | 0.70 | 高 High | |||
草莓炭疽果腐病菌 Colletotrichum acutatum | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
根结线虫属线虫一种(未鉴定到种) Meloidogynesp. | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
胼胝拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus porosus | 0.58 | 中 Moderate | |||
罗汉松蛀皮天牛 Hirticlytus comosus | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
口蘑科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Anastrophella podocarpicola | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
假蜜环菌 Armillaria tabescens | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
棒囊菌科真菌一种(暂无中文名) Corynelia nipponensis | 0.59 | 中 Moderate | |||
五月金龟子属昆虫一种(未鉴定到种) Phyllophaga sp. | 0.53 | 中 Moderate | |||
兰毛呆蓟马 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii | 0.52 | 中 Moderate | |||
肾形线虫 Rotylenchulus reniformis | 0.30 | 低 Low | |||
枫蚜 Periphyllus californiensis | 0 | 极低 Very low |
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