生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 24-31. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
收稿日期:
2011-06-07
接受日期:
2011-09-13
出版日期:
2012-01-20
发布日期:
2012-02-14
通讯作者:
张艳璇
作者简介:
*E-mail: xuan7616@sina.com基金资助:
Jie Ji, Yanxuan Zhang(), Xia Chen, Jianzhen Lin, Li Sun
Received:
2011-06-07
Accepted:
2011-09-13
Online:
2012-01-20
Published:
2012-02-14
Contact:
Yanxuan Zhang
摘要:
为了探明长期多次释放胡瓜新小绥螨(Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris)是否会对橘园节肢动物群落的生物多样性产生影响, 我们在福州马尾和晋安试验区的2个橘园分别设置生防园、自然园和化防园, 连续两年每月两次在各处理橘园的树冠和地面杂草中采集并记录节肢动物的种类和数量, 结果表明两个试验区的物种丰富度(S)均以生防园最高, 且都显著高于相应的化防园和自然园; 马尾试验区三种处理的多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(E)的大小依次为生防园>自然园>化防园, 晋安试验区则为自然园>生防园>化防园, 表明释放胡瓜新小绥螨防治柑橘害螨, 减少农药的使用, 能恢复或增加橘园节肢动物群落的生物多样性。此外, 释放胡瓜新小绥螨未对橘园原有的捕食螨类群产生影响。
季洁, 张艳璇, 陈霞, 林坚贞, 孙莉 (2012) 多次释放胡瓜新小绥螨对橘园节肢动物群落多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 20, 24-31. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092.
Jie Ji, Yanxuan Zhang, Xia Chen, Jianzhen Lin, Li Sun (2012) The effect of repeated release of the predatory mite Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris on arthropod communities in citrus ecosystems. Biodiversity Science, 20, 24-31. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092.
图1 福州市晋安和马尾试验区橘园节肢动物多样性调查小区的示意图, 每个重复含5个小区
Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of the experimental design for studying the species composition and diversity of arthropod community of different management orchard in Mawei and Jin’an citrus experimental field of Fuzhou, China. There were four replicates in every orchard, and there were five experimental plots in every replicate.
马尾试验区 Mawei citrus experimental field | 晋安试验区 Jin’an citrus experimental field | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 自然园 Natural orchard | 化防园 Chemical control orchard | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 自然园 Natural orchard | 化防园 Chemical control orchard | ||
同翅目 Homoptera | 27 | 28 | 24 | 29 | 32 | 28 | |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 22 | 16 | 21 | 31 | 32 | 29 | |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 19 | 16 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 18 | |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 32 | 27 | 29 | 24 | 23 | 23 | |
双翅目 Diptera | 49 | 43 | 48 | 32 | 33 | 32 | |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 26 | 24 | 23 | 38 | 40 | 38 | |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 12 | 7 | 7 | 21 | 16 | 20 | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
脉翅目 Neuroptera | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |
竹节虫目 Phasmida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
螳螂目 Mantedea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜻蜓目 Odonata | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
弹尾目 Collembola | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
啮虫目 Psocoptera | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜚蠊目 Blattodea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
盲蛛目 Opiliones | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 31 | 34 | 29 | 38 | 35 | 38 | |
蝎目 Scorpiones | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
缨尾目 Thysanura | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
等足目 Isopoda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
绒螨目 Trombidiformes | 12 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 13 | |
中气门目 Mesostigmata | 5 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 10 | |
疥螨目 Sarcoptiformes | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
蜱目 Ixodida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
合计 Total | 252 | 230 | 221 | 276 | 270 | 266 |
表1 福州市马尾和晋安试验区不同处理柑橘园节肢动物的物种数
Table 1 The species number of arthropods in different management orchard of Mawei and Jin’an citrus experimental field
马尾试验区 Mawei citrus experimental field | 晋安试验区 Jin’an citrus experimental field | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 自然园 Natural orchard | 化防园 Chemical control orchard | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 自然园 Natural orchard | 化防园 Chemical control orchard | ||
同翅目 Homoptera | 27 | 28 | 24 | 29 | 32 | 28 | |
半翅目 Hemiptera | 22 | 16 | 21 | 31 | 32 | 29 | |
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | 19 | 16 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 18 | |
膜翅目 Hymenoptera | 32 | 27 | 29 | 24 | 23 | 23 | |
双翅目 Diptera | 49 | 43 | 48 | 32 | 33 | 32 | |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera | 26 | 24 | 23 | 38 | 40 | 38 | |
直翅目 Orthoptera | 12 | 7 | 7 | 21 | 16 | 20 | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
脉翅目 Neuroptera | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |
竹节虫目 Phasmida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
螳螂目 Mantedea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜻蜓目 Odonata | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
弹尾目 Collembola | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
啮虫目 Psocoptera | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜚蠊目 Blattodea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
盲蛛目 Opiliones | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
蜘蛛目 Araneae | 31 | 34 | 29 | 38 | 35 | 38 | |
蝎目 Scorpiones | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
缨尾目 Thysanura | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
等足目 Isopoda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
绒螨目 Trombidiformes | 12 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 13 | |
中气门目 Mesostigmata | 5 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 10 | |
疥螨目 Sarcoptiformes | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
蜱目 Ixodida | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
合计 Total | 252 | 230 | 221 | 276 | 270 | 266 |
试验区 Experimental field | 处理 Managements | 物种数 Species number (S) | 个体数 Individual number (N) | 多样性指数 Diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (E) | 优势度指数 Dominance index (C) | 群落稳定性 Community stability Ss/St |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
马尾 Mawei | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 249.77a | 70,252.96b | 1.6188a | 0.2928a | 0.3381c | 0.0036 |
化防园 Chemical control orchard | 220.58b | 75,289.12a | 1.0833c | 0.2007c | 0.5631a | 0.0029 | |
自然园 Natural orchard | 229.27b | 64,429.89c | 1.3349b | 0.2455b | 0.4202b | 0.0036 | |
晋安 Jin’an | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 277.68a | 60,762.62a | 1.0216b | 0.1817ab | 0.6917a | 0.0046 |
化防园 Chemical control orchard | 267.84b | 63,991.68a | 0.8660c | 0.1548b | 0.7619a | 0.0042 | |
自然园 Natural orchard | 270.36b | 51,213.27b | 1.3083a | 0.2337a | 0.6101b | 0.0053 |
表2 释放胡瓜新小绥螨后, 福州市马尾与晋安试验区不同处理柑橘园节肢动物的多样性特征
Table 2 Community diversity of arthropods in different management orchard of Mawei and Jin’an citrus experimental field after Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris was released.
试验区 Experimental field | 处理 Managements | 物种数 Species number (S) | 个体数 Individual number (N) | 多样性指数 Diversity index (H') | 均匀度指数 Evenness index (E) | 优势度指数 Dominance index (C) | 群落稳定性 Community stability Ss/St |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
马尾 Mawei | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 249.77a | 70,252.96b | 1.6188a | 0.2928a | 0.3381c | 0.0036 |
化防园 Chemical control orchard | 220.58b | 75,289.12a | 1.0833c | 0.2007c | 0.5631a | 0.0029 | |
自然园 Natural orchard | 229.27b | 64,429.89c | 1.3349b | 0.2455b | 0.4202b | 0.0036 | |
晋安 Jin’an | 生防园 Biocontrol orchard | 277.68a | 60,762.62a | 1.0216b | 0.1817ab | 0.6917a | 0.0046 |
化防园 Chemical control orchard | 267.84b | 63,991.68a | 0.8660c | 0.1548b | 0.7619a | 0.0042 | |
自然园 Natural orchard | 270.36b | 51,213.27b | 1.3083a | 0.2337a | 0.6101b | 0.0053 |
图2 马尾试验区(A)和晋安试验区(B)不同处理柑橘园节肢动物群落多样性指数的时间动态
Fig. 2 The temporal dynamics of diversity index of different management orchard of Mawei (A) and Jin’an (B) citrus experimental field
图3 马尾试验区(A)和晋安试验区(B)生防园、自然园与化防园捕食螨优势种的种群动态, 马尾试验区生防园和自然园为江原钝绥螨, 化防园为鳞纹钝绥螨; 晋安试验区则均为江原钝绥螨
Fig. 3 The population dynamics of the dominant predatory mite in different management orchard of Mawei (A) and Jin’an (B) citrus experimental field. The dominate predatory mite of biocontrol orchard or natural orchard wasAmblyseius eharai, but that of the chemical control orchard was A. imbricatusin Mawei. And those of different management orchard was Amblyseius eharai in Jin’an. The every data in the fig. 3 was the mean of population number of the dominant predatory mite on every leaf.
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