亚热带常绿阔叶林种子性状对木本植物聚集格局的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2014007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子的特征如种子的重量、大小和传播方式直接影响物种的扩散能力, 从而影响物种空间分布的聚集强度。作者以古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林24 ha样地中89种木本植物为研究对象, 分析了它们的种子大小、重量和扩散方式与物种聚集强度的关系。结果表明: 在20 m范围内, 样地内90%的物种为聚集分布, 聚集强度随着尺度的增大而减弱, 稀有种的聚集强度大于常见种。用系统发育独立比较(phylogenetically independent contrasts)方法排除了系统发育影响后, 物种的多度与聚集强度呈显著相关(在15 m尺度, R² = 0.32, P < 0.001); 种子大小与物种聚集强度的相关性较弱(R²= 0.05, P < 0.05), 而种子重量与物种聚集强度之间的相关性相对较强(R²= 0.14, P < 0.05)。种子的传播方式显著地影响物种的聚集强度: 无助力扩散物种的聚集强度显著地高于有助力扩散物种的聚集强度(F_{1, 87}= 4.439, P = 0.038), 即长距离扩散导致物种的聚集强度减弱。可见, 在亚热带森林中, 种子性状通过影响种子扩散进而引起物种聚集强度的变化, 是影响物种空间分布格局的重要生态因素。

关键词: 种子大小, 种子重量, 扩散方式, 空间分布格局, 系统发育独立比较, 聚集强度, 扩散限制

Abstract

The spatial distribution of species provides basic information for the study of species coexistence. Seed traits such as size, weight and dispersal syndromes influence the spatial distribution of species through various species-specific seed dispersal. In this study, we collected data on seed size, seed mass and seed dispersal syndromes of 89 woody trees in the Gutianshan subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The relationship between seed size, seed mass, seed dispersal syndromes, and conspecific aggregation intensity were examined. Results showed that most of the species (~90%) were significantly aggregated across scales up to 20 m. The strength of spatial aggregation decreased with increasing spatial scales. Rare species were more aggregated than common species. Species abundance was significantly correlated with aggregation intensity (at spatial scale of 15 m, R² = 0.32, P < 0.001) after removing the phylogenetic relationship among species using PIC (phylogenetically independent contrasts). Seed size was weakly associated with aggregation intensity (R²= 0.05, P < 0.05), but seed mass was strongly correlated (R²= 0.14, P < 0.05). Seed dispersal syndromes significantly influenced species aggregation intensity: ballistically dispersed species were more significantly aggregated than assisted-dispersed species (F_{1, 87} = 4.439, P = 0.038). Long-distances dispersal may lead to a reduction in aggregation intensity. In conclusion, species-specific seed traits and dispersal ability were ecologically significant factors impacting the spatial pattern of species distribution.

Key words: seed size, seed mass, dispersal syndromes, spatial distribution, phylogenetically independent contrasts, aggregation intensity, dispersal limitation

姚蓓, 余建平, 刘晓娟, 米湘成, 马克平 (2015) 亚热带常绿阔叶林种子性状对木本植物聚集格局的影响. 生物多样性, 23, 157-166. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014007.

Bei Yao, Jianping Yu, Xiaojuan Liu, Xiangcheng Mi, Keping Ma (2015) Effect of seed traits on spatial aggregation of trees in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 23, 157-166. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014007.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014007

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I2/157

图/表 8

表1 不同扩散方式中种子或果实的性状

Table 1 Seed or fruit characteristics of species within each dispersal syndrome

扩散方式 Dispersal syndrome	果实类型 Fruit type	传播者 Disperser	物种数 No. of species	比例 %
喷射扩散 Ballistic dispersal	开裂蒴果 Explosive capsule	无 No	4	4.49
风力扩散 Wind dispersal	蒴果、荚果、翅果 Capsule, pod, and winged nut	风力 Wind	15	16.85
动物扩散 Animal dispersal
A1 (< 6 mm)	浆果、核果、蒴果 Berry, drupe, and capsule	动物 Animal	36	40.45
A2 (6-12 mm)	浆果、核果、蒴果 Berry, drupe, and capsule	动物 Animal	23	25.84
A3 (>12 mm)	浆果、核果、蒴果 Berry, drupe, and capsule	动物 Animal	11	12.40

表2 古田山24 ha森林动态监测样地不同尺度上分布格局呈显著聚集分布的树种的百分比

Table 2 The proportion of tree species with significantly aggregated distribution pattern in 24-ha Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot at different scales

尺度 r (m)	聚集分布 Aggregated distribution	随机分布 Random distribution
(0, 5]	94%	6%
(5, 10]	95%	5%
(10, 15]	94%	6%
(15, 20]	92%	8%

图1 古田山24 ha森林动态监测样地中具有不同种子传播方式的4个树种的空间分布

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution maps of four species with different seed distribution modes in 24-ha Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot

图2 杨梅在不同尺度的聚集强度g(r)

Fig. 2 The aggregation intensity g(r) of Myrica rubra at different scales

表3 古田山24 ha森林动态监测样地中种子性状和其他参数的系统发育信号分析

Table 3 Phylogenetic signal analysis of seed traits and other parameters in 24-ha Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot

参数 Parameters	K	P
Log (seed size)	0.549	0.001
Log (seed mass)	0.657	0.001
Log (species abundance)	0.216	0.001
g(r = 5)	0.372	0.070
g(r = 10)	0.423	0.028
g(r = 15)	0.454	0.017
g(r = 20)	0.363	0.007
g(r = 25)	0.224	0.051
g(r = 30)	0.144	0.227

图3 物种多度和聚集强度在5 m或15 m范围内的关系。上面两图表示5 m尺度范围; 下面两图表示15 m尺度范围。左侧两图未考虑系统发育信号; 右侧两图用PIC方法排除了系统发育信号。

Fig. 3 The relationships between species abundance and aggregation intensity within ranges of 5 meters or 15 meters. The upper panels show relationships between species abundance and aggregation intensity in 5 meters, and the lower panels show relationships in 15 meters. The left panels show relationships between species abundance and aggregation intensity without considering phylogenetic relationship among species. The right panels show relationships between species abundance and aggregation intensity after accounting for the phylogenetic relationship among species.

图4 种子大小(a)和种子重量(b)在5 m范围内分别与聚集强度的关系

Fig. 4 Seed size (a) and seed mass (b) are associated with aggregation intensity of 5 m scale.

图5 不同扩散方式的树种在5 m范围内平均聚集强度的变化(平均值± SD)。(a)图所示5种扩散方式的物种间聚集强度无显著差异(F4, 84 = 1.497, P = 0.21); (b)图显示聚集强度在无助力扩散物种和有助力扩散物种这两组扩散方式间差异显著(F1, 87 = 4.439, P = 0.038)。A1: 动物扩散< 6 mm; A2: 动物扩散6-12 mm之间; A3: 动物扩散> 12 mm; B: 喷射扩散(无助力扩散); W: 风力扩散; A: 有助力扩散。

Fig. 5 The variation of mean aggregation intensity of tree species among dispersal syndromes at 5 m scale (mean ± SD). The left panel (a) shows that aggregation intensity is not significantly different among five dispersal syndromes (F4, 84 = 1.497, P = 0.21), while the right panel (b) shows that aggregation intensity is significantly different between two dispersal syndromes (ballistically dispersed species vs assisted dispersal species) (F1, 87 = 4.439, P = 0.038). A1, Animal dispersal, < 6 mm; A2, Animal dispersal, 6-12 mm; A3, Animal dispersal, > 12 mm; B, Ballistic; W, Wind dispersal; A, Assisted-dispersal.

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