生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21313.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021313

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

王朗国家级自然保护区滑坡体兰科植物分布格局及其保护策略

王重阳1, 赵联军2, 孟世勇1,*()   

  1. 1.北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871
    2.王朗国家级自然保护区, 四川平武 622550
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12 接受日期:2021-11-11 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 孟世勇
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: msy542702@pku.edu.cn

Spatial distribution pattern and protection strategy for orchids in landslide mass of the Wanglang National Nature Reserve

Chongyang Wang1, Lianjun Zhao2, Shiyong Meng1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
    2 Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Pingwu, Sichuan 622550
  • Received:2021-08-12 Accepted:2021-11-11 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-02-28
  • Contact: Shiyong Meng

摘要:

滑坡体是大熊猫国家公园岷山片区中广泛存在的一种生境, 但其在生物多样性研究和保护中的作用却没有得到足够的重视。王朗国家级自然保护区的滑坡体具有丰富的兰科植物资源, 其中白沙沟滑坡体最为丰富。本文以白沙沟滑坡体为例, 探究岷山地区滑坡体生境中兰科植物的空间分布格局, 拟为王朗国家级自然保护区及周边区域的兰科植物保护提供指导。本研究设置4条样带共186个样方, 利用除趋势对应分析(DCA)和双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)研究滑坡体兰科植物的空间分布格局, 同时对兰科植物做了种间关联和相关性分析。结果表明, 白沙沟滑坡体的草本群落受环境因素的影响, 物种间竞争较弱, 处于自然演替的初始阶段。郁闭度和水流冲刷对滑坡体兰科植物的分布具有重要影响。受郁闭度和水流干扰因素的影响, 滑坡体可分成滑坡体-林缘生境(类型1)、滑坡体生境(类型2)和高郁闭度滑坡体生境(类型3) 3种类型。兰科植物在类型1和类型3两种生境中产生了适应性分化。建议在一些兰科物种集中分布的区域设立保护点并进行监测。此外还应对其他不同时间、不同土壤基质形成的滑坡体进行详细的调查, 摸清王朗国家级自然保护区甚至岷山地区兰科植物分布的整体情况。

关键词: 滑坡体, 兰科植物, 空间分布格局, 大熊猫国家公园

Abstract

Aims Landslide mass is a widely existing habitat type in the Minshan Mountains, but insufficient attention has been drawn to its importance in biodiversity research and protection. Orchid species are abundant in the landslide masses of the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, especially in the Baishagou landslide mass. By studying the spatial distribution pattern of orchids in the Baishagou landslide mass, we aimed to infer the approximate distribution pattern of orchids in the landslide mass of the Minshan Mountains and provide guidance for the protection of orchids in this area.

Methods We collected data from 186 quadrats belonging to 4 transects in the Baishagou landslide mass, and conducted interspecific association, correlation analysis, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN).

Results The results indicated that the herb community of the Baishagou landslide mass is primarily affected by environmental factors, and the competition among species is relatively weak. Canopy closure and water erosion both play important roles on the distribution of orchids in landslide masses. Landslide masses can be divided into three types: landslide-forest edge habitat (Type 1), landslide habitat (Type 2) and high canopy closure landslide habitat (Type 3). Adaptive differentiation has occurred between orchid species from Type 1 and Type 3.

Conclusion We suggest implementing protection points to monitor the richness of orchid distribution. In addition, detailed investigations should be carried out on other landslide masses which formed at different points in time and with different soil substrates to find out the distribution pattern of orchid species in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, or even the entire Minshan area.

Key words: landslide mass, orchid, spatial distribution pattern, Giant Panda National Park