生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22029.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022029

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

地理距离和环境因子对阿拉善戈壁植物群落β多样性的影响

曲梦君1, 努尔依拉·阿巴拜克2, 邹旭阁1, 赵航1, 朱威霖1, 王健铭1, 李景文1,*()   

  1. 1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区林业规划院, 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-15 接受日期:2022-04-22 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 李景文
  • 作者简介: E-mail: lijingwenhy@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31971538)

Influence of geographic distance and environmental factors on beta diversity of plants in the Alxa gobi region in northern China

Mengjun Qu1, Nueryila·Ababaike 2, Xuge Zou1, Hang Zhao1, Weilin Zhu1, Jianming Wang1, Jingwen Li1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2. Xinjiang Forestry Planning Institute, Urumqi 830000
  • Received:2022-01-15 Accepted:2022-04-22 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-06-23
  • Contact: Jingwen Li

摘要:

内蒙古阿拉善地区分布着超过20万km2的典型戈壁生态系统, 且这些戈壁生态系统正遭受着持续性气候变暖与极端天气的影响。然而, 土壤、气候、空间变量等因子对阿拉善戈壁大尺度植物β多样性及其关键组分的相对影响还没有得到系统研究。本文通过对阿拉善典型戈壁生境的276个样方进行植物群落组成调查, 并结合气候、土壤等数据, 探讨了地理距离和环境因子对阿拉善戈壁区植物群落β多样性及其组分的影响。研究表明: (1)在阿拉善戈壁区, 随着地理距离的增加, 植物群落β多样性及物种周转组分显著增加, 而且β多样性主要源于物种周转组分, 物种嵌套组分的贡献非常有限; (2)偏Mantel分析显示环境因子和地理距离对β多样性及其物种周转组分均有显著的单独作用; 方差分解结果进一步表明, 环境因子和地理距离共同解释了植物β多样性及其物种周转组分10.84%-17.67% (Bray-Curtis)和15.47%-24.81% (Sørensen)的变异, 但环境因子可以单独解释更多的变异(6.62%-9.97% (Bray-Curtis)和8.98%-14.51% (Sørensen))。在众多环境因子中, 气温日较差、土壤含水量和地表砾石盖度对植物群落β多样性和物种周转组分的贡献更大。以上结果表明, 环境过滤、扩散限制以及其他未知过程可能共同影响阿拉善戈壁区植物群落β多样性格局, 其中环境过滤可能具有更大的影响。

关键词: β多样性, 物种周转, 物种嵌套, 环境过滤, 扩散限制

Abstract

Aims: The gobi desert covers over 200,000 km2 on the Alxa Plateau in northern China. Due to climate change, the ecosystem is subject to continuous warming and extreme weather events. Yet, the relative impacts of environmental filtering versus dispersal limitations on β diversity and its two components, species turnover and nestedness, in this unique ecosystem are still unclear.

Methods: We selected 276 plant plots in the gobi desert region of Alxa to examine how geographic distance and environmental factors influence β diversity and its two components.

Results: The results showed that: (1) β diversity and species turnover had a significantly linear relationship with geographic distance, and most of the variance in β diversity of the plant community was caused by species turnover and not nestedness. (2) A partial Mantel analysis showed that both environmental distance and geographic distance impacted β diversity and species turnover. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that while environmental distance and geographic distance together explained 10.84%-17.67% and 15.47%-24.81% of the variation in β diversity and species turnover on the Bray-Curtis and Sørensen indices, respectively, environmental distance alone explained 6.62%-9.97% and 8.98%-14.51%. Among all environmental factors, mean diurnal range, soil water content, and surface gravel coverage were the most important variables for explaining β diversity and species turnover.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that while β diversity in the gobi desert region of Alxa is determined by environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and other unexamined processes together, environmental filtering may have the strongest impacts.

Key words: β diversity, species turnover, species nestedness, environmental filtering, dispersal limitation