海南岛淡水蟹类分布格局与多样性保护

doi:10.17520/biods.2020326

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 605-616. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020326

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

海南岛淡水蟹类分布格局与多样性保护

郝希阳¹, 贺姹¹, 楚克林², 申志新³, 赵强¹, 高伟¹, 潘达¹^,^*(), 孙红英¹^,^*()

1.南京师范大学生命科学学院江苏省生物多样性与生物技术重点实验室, 南京 210023
2.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护地研究中心, 南京 210042
3.海南省海洋与渔业科学院淡水渔业研究所, 海口 571126

收稿日期:2020-08-12 接受日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-01-17
通讯作者: 潘达,孙红英
作者简介:* E-mail: sunhongying@njnu.edu.cn;
第一联系人：^#
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31772427)

The distribution pattern and biodiversity conservation of freshwater crabs in Hainan Island

Xiyang Hao¹, Cha He¹, Kelin Chu², Zhixin Shen³, Qiang Zhao¹, Wei Gao¹, Da Pan¹^,^*(), Hongying Sun¹^,^*()

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023
2 Protected Areas Research Center, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042
3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126

Received:2020-08-12 Accepted:2020-10-16 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-01-17
Contact: Da Pan,Hongying Sun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热带岛屿生物多样性是全球生物多样性保护研究的热点之一。海南岛是中国面积最大的热带岛屿, 丰富独特的淡水蟹类是维持岛内淡水生态系统功能完整性的关键类群。本文通过多年野外调查, 综合历史及最新文献资料, 对海南岛淡水蟹类物种多样性及其现状进行调查和评估, 并对淡水蟹类物种多样性保护现状进行了分析讨论。研究发现, 海南岛淡水蟹类物种多样性分布中心位于中南部山地, 主要集中于中部的霸王岭、鹦哥岭和猕猴岭, 南部的五指山和吊罗山, 以及西南部的尖峰岭一带。其物种多样性整体上呈现中南部山地高、平原台地低的特点。根据《IUCN物种红色名录濒危等级和标准》对海南岛淡水蟹类物种现状的评估结果显示, 全岛受威胁淡水蟹类物种的占比为16.7%。基于分布区预测, 以海南热带雨林国家公园为主体的保护地对淡水蟹类潜在适宜分布区的覆盖度明显优于此前碎片化的各级保护区。本文研究结果显示, 海南岛淡水蟹类的总体生存状况良好, 但一部分山地或平原种类处于受胁状态。国家公园体制的建立有望为岛内淡水蟹类物种多样性保护提供前所未有的机遇。基于物种多样性分布格局开展淡水蟹类等淡水生物多样性监测, 有助于促进海南岛淡水生态系统完整性的长效保护与可持续发展。

关键词: 海南岛, 淡水蟹类, 空间分布格局, IUCN红色名录, 物种分布区预测, 海南热带雨林国家公园

Abstract

Aims: The biodiversity of tropical islands is a popular topic in global biodiversity conservation research. Hainan Island is the largest tropical island in China. Freshwater crabs are a keystone species for freshwater ecosystems in Hainan Island. The aims of this study were thus to identify the distribution pattern and assess the threat status of freshwater crabs in Hainan Island.
Methods: In this study, we used field surveys and conducted a literature review to investigate the species diversity and conservation status for freshwater crabs in Hainan.
Results: Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots for freshwater crab species on Hainan Island are located in the south-central mountainous area (especially Bawangling, Yinggeling, Mihouling, Wuzhi Mountain, Diaoluo Mountain and Jianfengling). Freshwater crab diversity is higher in the central and southern mountains and lower in the plains. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, 16.7% of freshwater crab species on Hainan Island are threatened. Diversity conservation effectiveness analyses demonstrate that the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system as leading part of Hainan’s protected area system is better than the previous system (which was several fragmented nature reserves) for covering the potential distribution areas of freshwater crabs. Overall, conservation status for freshwater crabs in Hainan Island is favorable, but some species are threatened.
Conclusion: The establishment of the national park system is expected to provide unprecedented opportunities for the conservation of freshwater crab species diversity in Hainan Island. Monitoring freshwater biological diversity based on the distribution pattern of species diversity will promote the long-term protection and sustainable development for freshwater ecosystems on Hainan Island.

Key words: Hainan Island, freshwater crabs, spatial distribution pattern, IUCN Red List, species distribution prediction, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

郝希阳, 贺姹, 楚克林, 申志新, 赵强, 高伟, 潘达, 孙红英 (2021) 海南岛淡水蟹类分布格局与多样性保护. 生物多样性, 29, 605-616. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020326.

Xiyang Hao, Cha He, Kelin Chu, Zhixin Shen, Qiang Zhao, Wei Gao, Da Pan, Hongying Sun (2021) The distribution pattern and biodiversity conservation of freshwater crabs in Hainan Island. Biodiversity Science, 29, 605-616. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020326.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020326

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I5/605

图/表 6

参考文献 41

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分类地位 Classification	物种名 Species name
溪蟹科 Potamidae
非仿溪蟹属 Apotamonautes*	海南非仿溪蟹泮水亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis banshuiensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹霸王岭亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis bawanglingensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹指名亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis hainanensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹南林亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis nanlinensis*
海南溪蟹属 Hainanpotamon	戴氏海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon daiae*
	府城海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon fuchengense*
	和乐海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon helense*
	东方海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon orientale*
新内溪蟹属 Neotiwaripotamon*	白氏新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi*
	尖峰新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense*
岩溪蟹属 Calcipotamon*	紫光岩溪蟹 Calcipotamon puglabrum*
拟地蟹科 Gecarcinucidae
束腰蟹属 Somanniathelphusa	坝王束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa bawangensis*
	海南束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa hainanensis*
	琼山束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis*
	通什束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis*

分类地位 Classification	物种名 Species name
溪蟹科 Potamidae
非仿溪蟹属 Apotamonautes*	海南非仿溪蟹泮水亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis banshuiensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹霸王岭亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis bawanglingensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹指名亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis hainanensis*
	海南非仿溪蟹南林亚种 Apotamonautes hainanensis nanlinensis*
海南溪蟹属 Hainanpotamon	戴氏海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon daiae*
	府城海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon fuchengense*
	和乐海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon helense*
	东方海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon orientale*
新内溪蟹属 Neotiwaripotamon*	白氏新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi*
	尖峰新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense*
岩溪蟹属 Calcipotamon*	紫光岩溪蟹 Calcipotamon puglabrum*
拟地蟹科 Gecarcinucidae
束腰蟹属 Somanniathelphusa	坝王束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa bawangensis*
	海南束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa hainanensis*
	琼山束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis*
	通什束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis*

种名 Species name	受胁等级 Threatened categories	所依据的标准 IUCN Redlist Criteria
海南非仿溪蟹 Apotamonautes hainanensis	LC
戴氏海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon daiae	LC
府城海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon fuchengense	VU	B1ab(i, ii, iii) + 2ab(i, ii, iii)
和乐海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon helense	LC
东方海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon orientale	VU	B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii)
白氏新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi	NT
尖峰新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense	LC
紫光岩溪蟹 Calcipotamon puglabrum	NT
坝王束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa bawangensis	LC
海南束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa hainanensis	LC
琼山束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis	LC
通什束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis	LC

种名 Species name	受胁等级 Threatened categories	所依据的标准 IUCN Redlist Criteria
海南非仿溪蟹 Apotamonautes hainanensis	LC
戴氏海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon daiae	LC
府城海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon fuchengense	VU	B1ab(i, ii, iii) + 2ab(i, ii, iii)
和乐海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon helense	LC
东方海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon orientale	VU	B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii)
白氏新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi	NT
尖峰新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense	LC
紫光岩溪蟹 Calcipotamon puglabrum	NT
坝王束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa bawangensis	LC
海南束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa hainanensis	LC
琼山束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis	LC
通什束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis	LC

种名 Species name	分布区像元数 Pixel of presence	NRs覆盖像元数 Pixel of presence covered by NRs	NRs覆盖比例 Coverage of NRs (%)	NP覆盖的像元数 Pixel of presence covered by NP	NP覆盖比例 Coverage of NP (%)
紫光岩溪蟹 Calcipotamon puglabrum*	203	55	27.09	203	100.00
府城海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon fuchengense*	1,125	0	0.00	0	0.00
白氏新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi*	2,233	328	14.69	1,312	58.76
和乐海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon helense*	3,752	0	0.00	0	0.00
尖峰新内溪蟹 Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense*	5,729	1,534	26.78	3,354	58.54
东方海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon orientale*	6,317	1,338	21.18	2,694	42.65
琼山束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis	6,853	0	0.00	0	0.00
海南束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa hainanensis	7,023	0	0.00	0	0.00
坝王束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa bawangensis	7,872	65	0.83	441	5.60
通什束腰蟹 Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis	12,175	1,254	10.30	3,190	26.20
海南非仿溪蟹 Apotamonautes hainanensis	12,323	1,835	14.89	4,621	37.50
戴氏海南溪蟹 Hainanpotamon daiae	14,331	2,044	14.26	5,073	35.40
均值 Average	6,661.33	704	10.83	1,741	30.39

海南岛淡水蟹类分布格局与多样性保护

The distribution pattern and biodiversity conservation of freshwater crabs in Hainan Island

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