生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 157-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.10155
黄甫昭1,2, 王斌1,2, 丁涛1,2, 向悟生1,2, 李先琨1,2,*(
), 周爱萍1,2
收稿日期:2013-07-08
接受日期:2013-10-28
出版日期:2014-03-20
发布日期:2014-04-03
通讯作者:
李先琨
基金资助:
Fuzhao Huang1,2, Bin Wang1,2, Tao Ding1,2, Wusheng Xiang1,2, Xiankun Li1,2,*(), Aiping Zhou1,2
Received:2013-07-08
Accepted:2013-10-28
Online:2014-03-20
Published:2014-04-03
Contact:
Li Xiankun
摘要：
以弄岗15 ha北热带喀斯特季节性雨林监测样地各样方的相对海拔、坡度、坡向、凹凸度和物种重要值数据为变量, 采用多元回归树方法将喀斯特季节性雨林森林群落分为8个群丛。同时, 按乔木层、亚乔木层优势种为主, 灌木层指示种为辅的方法分别把8类群丛命名为: (A)南方紫金牛(Ardisia thyrsiflora)–苹婆(Sterculia monosperma)–中国无忧花(Saraca dives)群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于土壤和空气的湿度都较大的谷底边缘; (B)对叶榕(Ficus hispida)–苹婆–董棕(Caryota obtusa)群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于伴有季节性水淹、土壤和空气湿度都很大的谷底; (C)山石榴(Catunaregam spinosa)–广西牡荆–蚬木(Excentrodendron tonkinense)群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于受太阳直射时间较长、水分条件中等偏旱的中下坡阳坡地带; (D)垂茉莉(Clerodendrum wallichii)–苹婆–广西棋子豆(Cychidendron guangxiensis)群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于受太阳直射时间稍短、水分条件适中的中下坡阴坡地带; (E)米仔兰(Aglaia odorata)–闭花木(Cleistanthus sumatranus)–蚬木群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于土壤湿度中等偏旱的中上坡半阴坡地带; (F)割舌树(Walsura robusta)–闭花木–蚬木群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于土壤湿度中等偏旱、比较陡峭的半阳坡地带; (G)枝花流苏树(Chionanthus ramiflorus)–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于坡度缓和、太阳直射的时间较短、水分条件适中的垭口部位; (H)齿叶黄皮(Clausena dunniana)–黄梨木(Boniodendron minius)–蚬木群丛, 该群丛类型主要分布于受到太阳直射时间最长、岩石裸露度最大、气温干燥、土壤水分严重不足的山顶及其周围。群丛划分说明该区域植被差异主要源于相对海拔和坡向变化, 各群丛物种组成并不存在明显界限, 而是随环境梯度逐渐变化, 反映了植被分布具有连续性, 间断只是相对的。
黄甫昭, 王斌, 丁涛, 向悟生, 李先琨, 周爱萍 (2014) 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林群丛数量 分类及与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 22, 157-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.10155.
Fuzhao Huang,Bin Wang,Tao Ding,Wusheng Xiang,Xiankun Li,Aiping Zhou (2014) Numerical classification of associations in a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest and the relationships of these associations with environmental factors. Biodiversity Science, 22, 157-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.10155.
图1 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha样地群丛分类相对误差及交叉验证相对误差变化图。○ 相对误差变化趋势; ●交叉验证相对误差变化趋势; □ 交叉验证相对误差最小点; | 表示标准差; --- 交叉验证相对误差最小值加上1个标准差线; ◇ 根据“1SE”规则确定的分类树规模点。
Fig. 1 Resubstitution and cross-validation relative error for the multivariate regression tree in the Nonggang plot. ○ The change trend of relative error; ● The change trend of cross-validated relative error; □ The minimum cross-validat- ed relative error; | One standard error; --- One standard error above the minimum cross-validated relative error; ◇ The tree size suggested by “1SE”.
| 代号 Codes | 群丛名称 Association |
|---|---|
| A | 南方紫金牛–苹婆–中国无忧花群丛 Asso. Ardisia thyrsiflora–Sterculia monosperma–Saraca dives |
| B | 对叶榕–苹婆–董棕群丛 Asso. Ficus hispida–Sterculia monosperma–Caryota obtusa |
| C | 山石榴–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Catunaregam spinosa–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| D | 垂茉莉–苹婆–广西棋子豆群丛 Asso. Clerodendrum wallichii–Sterculia monosperma–Cychidendron guangxiensis |
| E | 米仔兰–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Aglaia odorata–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| F | 割舌树–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Walsura robusta–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| G | 枝花流苏树–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Chionanthus ramiflorus–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| H | 齿叶黄皮–黄梨木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Clausena dunniana–Boniodendron minius–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
表1 弄岗15 ha石灰岩季节性雨林样地的8类群丛
Table 1 Eight associations in the 15-ha Nonggang plot
| 代号 Codes | 群丛名称 Association |
|---|---|
| A | 南方紫金牛–苹婆–中国无忧花群丛 Asso. Ardisia thyrsiflora–Sterculia monosperma–Saraca dives |
| B | 对叶榕–苹婆–董棕群丛 Asso. Ficus hispida–Sterculia monosperma–Caryota obtusa |
| C | 山石榴–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Catunaregam spinosa–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| D | 垂茉莉–苹婆–广西棋子豆群丛 Asso. Clerodendrum wallichii–Sterculia monosperma–Cychidendron guangxiensis |
| E | 米仔兰–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Aglaia odorata–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| F | 割舌树–闭花木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Walsura robusta–Cleistanthus sumatranus–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| G | 枝花流苏树–广西牡荆–蚬木群丛 Asso. Chionanthus ramiflorus–Vitex kwangsiensis–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
| H | 齿叶黄皮–黄梨木–蚬木群丛 Asso. Clausena dunniana–Boniodendron minius–Excentrodendron tonkinense |
图2 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha样地群丛分类多元回归树图。A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H表示8个群丛类型, 见表1; 括号内的数字表示每组包含的样方数。
Fig. 2 Multivariate regression tree for associations classification in the Nonggang plot. A–H represent eight types of association, see Table 1. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of sample in each group. Re, Relative elevation; Sl, Slope; As, Aspect.
| 群丛 Association | 物种 Species | 优势度 Dominance | 层次 Layer | 群丛 Association | 物种 Species | 优势度 Dominance | 层次 Layer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.23 | U | B | 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 0.18 | S |
| 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 0.22 | T | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.16 | U | ||
| 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.10 | T | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.15 | U | ||
| 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.09 | U | 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.10 | T | ||
| 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.05 | U | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.09 | U | ||
| 白头树 Garuga forrestii | 0.04 | T | 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.07 | T | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.03 | U | 苹果榕 Ficus oligodon | 0.06 | U | ||
| 假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii | 0.03 | U | 秋枫 Bischofia javanica | 0.05 | T | ||
| 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 0.02 | S | 水东哥 Saurauia tristyla | 0.02 | S | ||
| 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.02 | T | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 0.02 | T | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 103 | 总数 Total | 92 | ||||
| C | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.28 | U | D | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.22 | U |
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.11 | U | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.20 | U | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.10 | U | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.06 | U | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.06 | U | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.03 | U | ||
| 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.05 | U | 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 0.03 | U | ||
| 西南猫尾木 Dolichandrone stipulata | 0.02 | U | 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.03 | T | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.02 | T | 海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis | 0.02 | U | ||
| 木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum | 0.02 | U | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.02 | U | ||
| 羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata | 0.02 | T | 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 0.02 | U | ||
| 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.02 | U | 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.02 | T | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 144 | 总数 Total | 159 | ||||
| E | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.34 | U | F | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.24 | U |
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.12 | U | ||
| 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.08 | U | 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.05 | U | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.06 | U | ||
| 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 0.03 | U | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.05 | U | ||
| 金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis | 0.03 | U | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 0.04 | U | ||
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.02 | U | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.04 | U | ||
| 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 0.02 | S | 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 0.02 | U | ||
| 榕树 Ficus microcarpa | 0.02 | T | 山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla | 0.02 | U | ||
| 密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora | 0.02 | U | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.02 | U | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 142 | 总数 Total | 142 | ||||
| G | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.16 | U | H | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 0.15 | U |
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.10 | U | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 0.13 | U | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 0.07 | S | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.09 | U | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 0.07 | U | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.09 | U | 山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla | 0.06 | U | ||
| 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 0.06 | U | 清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia | 0.05 | U | ||
| 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 0.03 | U | 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.04 | T | ||
| 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 0.02 | U | 柴龙树 Apodytes dimidiata | 0.03 | U | ||
| 枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus | 0.02 | S | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.03 | U | ||
| 南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris | 0.02 | T | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.03 | U | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 135 | 总数 Total | 151 | ||||
表2 弄岗15 ha石灰岩季节性雨林样地8类群丛内物种的优势度排序(群丛名称见表1)
Table 2 Dominance of species in eight associations in the 15-ha Nonggang plot. The associations see Table 1.
| 群丛 Association | 物种 Species | 优势度 Dominance | 层次 Layer | 群丛 Association | 物种 Species | 优势度 Dominance | 层次 Layer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.23 | U | B | 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 0.18 | S |
| 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 0.22 | T | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.16 | U | ||
| 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.10 | T | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.15 | U | ||
| 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.09 | U | 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.10 | T | ||
| 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.05 | U | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.09 | U | ||
| 白头树 Garuga forrestii | 0.04 | T | 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.07 | T | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.03 | U | 苹果榕 Ficus oligodon | 0.06 | U | ||
| 假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii | 0.03 | U | 秋枫 Bischofia javanica | 0.05 | T | ||
| 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 0.02 | S | 水东哥 Saurauia tristyla | 0.02 | S | ||
| 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.02 | T | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 0.02 | T | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 103 | 总数 Total | 92 | ||||
| C | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.28 | U | D | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.22 | U |
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.11 | U | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.20 | U | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.10 | U | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.06 | U | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.06 | U | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.03 | U | ||
| 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.05 | U | 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 0.03 | U | ||
| 西南猫尾木 Dolichandrone stipulata | 0.02 | U | 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 0.03 | T | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.02 | T | 海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis | 0.02 | U | ||
| 木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum | 0.02 | U | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.02 | U | ||
| 羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata | 0.02 | T | 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 0.02 | U | ||
| 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.02 | U | 董棕 Caryota obtusa | 0.02 | T | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 144 | 总数 Total | 159 | ||||
| E | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.34 | U | F | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.24 | U |
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.12 | U | ||
| 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.08 | U | 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.05 | U | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.06 | U | ||
| 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 0.03 | U | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.05 | U | ||
| 金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis | 0.03 | U | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 0.04 | U | ||
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.02 | U | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 0.04 | U | ||
| 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 0.02 | S | 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 0.02 | U | ||
| 榕树 Ficus microcarpa | 0.02 | T | 山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla | 0.02 | U | ||
| 密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora | 0.02 | U | 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.02 | U | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 142 | 总数 Total | 142 | ||||
| G | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 0.16 | U | H | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 0.15 | U |
| 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 0.10 | U | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 0.13 | U | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.09 | T | 细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum | 0.07 | S | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.09 | U | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 0.07 | U | ||
| 劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta | 0.09 | U | 山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla | 0.06 | U | ||
| 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 0.06 | U | 清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia | 0.05 | U | ||
| 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 0.03 | U | 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 0.04 | T | ||
| 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 0.02 | U | 柴龙树 Apodytes dimidiata | 0.03 | U | ||
| 枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus | 0.02 | S | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 0.03 | U | ||
| 南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris | 0.02 | T | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 0.03 | U | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 135 | 总数 Total | 151 | ||||
| 群丛 Associa- tion | 物种 Species | 指示值 Indicator value | 层次 Layer | 群丛 Associa- tion | 物种 Species | 指示值 Indicator value | 层次 Layer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 49 | T | B | 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 75 | S |
| 南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora | 48 | S | 秋枫 Bischofia javanica | 64 | T | ||
| 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 46 | T | 木奶果 Baccaurea ramiflora | 55 | T | ||
| 山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes | 43 | S | 火筒树 Leea indica | 49 | S | ||
| 裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus | 36 | S | 水东哥 Saurauia tristyla | 44 | S | ||
| 白花龙船花 Ixora henryi | 34 | S | 苹果榕 Ficus oligodon | 36 | U | ||
| 田方骨 Goniothalamus donnajensis | 32 | S | 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 32 | S | ||
| 淡黄金花茶 Camellia flavida | 31 | S | 南烛厚壳桂 Cryptocarya lyoniifolia | 30 | T | ||
| 茎花赤才 Lepisanthes cauliflora | 29 | S | 石密 Alphonsea mollis | 26 | T | ||
| 假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii | 27 | U | 禾串树 Bridelia balansae | 22 | U | ||
| 显脉木兰 Lirianthe fistulosa | 27 | U | 山地五月茶 Antidesma montanum | 20 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 17 | 总数 Total | 18 | ||||
| C | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 24 | U | D | 垂茉莉 Clerodendrum wallichii | 31 | S |
| 山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa | 20 | S | 广西澄广花 Orophea anceps | 26 | S | ||
| 青叶苎麻 Boehmeria nivea | 20 | S | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 25 | U | ||
| 中越杜茎山 Maesa balansae | 15 | S | 茶条木 Delavaya toxocarpa | 18 | U | ||
| 印度枣 Ziziphus incurva | 11 | T | 臀果木 Pygeum topengii | 8 | T | ||
| 木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum | 10 | U | |||||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 6 | 总数 Total | 5 | ||||
| E | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 46 | U | F | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 27 | U |
| 密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora | 24 | U | 割舌树 Walsura robusta | 25 | S | ||
| 米仔兰 Aglaia odorata | 24 | S | 三角车 Rinorea bengalensis | 20 | U | ||
| 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 20 | U | 粗柄槭 Acer tonkinense | 16 | U | ||
| 金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis | 19 | U | 蜂窝木姜子 Litsea foveola | 16 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 7 | 总数 Total | 9 | ||||
| G | 枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus | 38 | S | H | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 82 | U |
| 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 36 | U | 齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana | 72 | S | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 34 | U | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 64 | U | ||
| 鸡仔木 Sinoadina racemosa | 34 | U | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 63 | U | ||
| 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 29 | U | 石山巴豆 Croton euryphyllus | 62 | S | ||
| 海红豆 Adenanthera pavonina | 27 | T | 清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia | 61 | U | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 21 | T | 子楝树 Decaspermum gracilentum | 60 | S | ||
| 红芽木 Cratoxylum formosum | 20 | T | 山牡荆 Vitex quinata | 60 | S | ||
| 假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis | 20 | S | 米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | 59 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 27 | 总数 Total | 40 | ||||
表3 弄岗15 ha石灰岩季节性雨林样地8类群丛内具有显著指示作用的物种指示值排序(群丛名称见表1)
Table 3 Indicator values of the indicating species in eight associations in the 15-ha Nonggang plot. The associations see Table 1.
| 群丛 Associa- tion | 物种 Species | 指示值 Indicator value | 层次 Layer | 群丛 Associa- tion | 物种 Species | 指示值 Indicator value | 层次 Layer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 49 | T | B | 对叶榕 Ficus hispida | 75 | S |
| 南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora | 48 | S | 秋枫 Bischofia javanica | 64 | T | ||
| 广西棋子豆 Cychidendron guangxiensis | 46 | T | 木奶果 Baccaurea ramiflora | 55 | T | ||
| 山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes | 43 | S | 火筒树 Leea indica | 49 | S | ||
| 裂果卫矛 Euonymus dielsianus | 36 | S | 水东哥 Saurauia tristyla | 44 | S | ||
| 白花龙船花 Ixora henryi | 34 | S | 苹果榕 Ficus oligodon | 36 | U | ||
| 田方骨 Goniothalamus donnajensis | 32 | S | 日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum | 32 | S | ||
| 淡黄金花茶 Camellia flavida | 31 | S | 南烛厚壳桂 Cryptocarya lyoniifolia | 30 | T | ||
| 茎花赤才 Lepisanthes cauliflora | 29 | S | 石密 Alphonsea mollis | 26 | T | ||
| 假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii | 27 | U | 禾串树 Bridelia balansae | 22 | U | ||
| 显脉木兰 Lirianthe fistulosa | 27 | U | 山地五月茶 Antidesma montanum | 20 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 17 | 总数 Total | 18 | ||||
| C | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis | 24 | U | D | 垂茉莉 Clerodendrum wallichii | 31 | S |
| 山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa | 20 | S | 广西澄广花 Orophea anceps | 26 | S | ||
| 青叶苎麻 Boehmeria nivea | 20 | S | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 25 | U | ||
| 中越杜茎山 Maesa balansae | 15 | S | 茶条木 Delavaya toxocarpa | 18 | U | ||
| 印度枣 Ziziphus incurva | 11 | T | 臀果木 Pygeum topengii | 8 | T | ||
| 木蝴蝶 Oroxylum indicum | 10 | U | |||||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 6 | 总数 Total | 5 | ||||
| E | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 46 | U | F | 肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | 27 | U |
| 密花核果木 Drypetes confertiflora | 24 | U | 割舌树 Walsura robusta | 25 | S | ||
| 米仔兰 Aglaia odorata | 24 | S | 三角车 Rinorea bengalensis | 20 | U | ||
| 网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata | 20 | U | 粗柄槭 Acer tonkinense | 16 | U | ||
| 金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis | 19 | U | 蜂窝木姜子 Litsea foveola | 16 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 7 | 总数 Total | 9 | ||||
| G | 枝花流苏树 Chionanthus ramiflorus | 38 | S | H | 毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum | 82 | U |
| 假玉桂 Celtis timorensis | 36 | U | 齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana | 72 | S | ||
| 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 34 | U | 黄梨木 Boniodendron minius | 64 | U | ||
| 鸡仔木 Sinoadina racemosa | 34 | U | 鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum | 63 | U | ||
| 茎花山柚 Champereia manillana | 29 | U | 石山巴豆 Croton euryphyllus | 62 | S | ||
| 海红豆 Adenanthera pavonina | 27 | T | 清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia | 61 | U | ||
| 蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense | 21 | T | 子楝树 Decaspermum gracilentum | 60 | S | ||
| 红芽木 Cratoxylum formosum | 20 | T | 山牡荆 Vitex quinata | 60 | S | ||
| 假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis | 20 | S | 米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | 59 | S | ||
| … | … | ||||||
| 总数 Total | 27 | 总数 Total | 40 | ||||
图3 8个群丛中具有显著指示作用的物种数(群丛名称见 表1)
Fig. 3 The number of indicator species in eight associations. The associations see Table 1.
附图I 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha样地的三维地形图
Appendix I Topography of the 15-ha Nonggang plot (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-1.pdf)
附图II 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha样地8类群丛的20 m × 20 m的样方分布图
Appendix II Appendix II Map of the eight associations at the scale of 20 m × 20 m in the Nonggang plot (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-2.pdf)
附图III-1 样地上部。该区域位于样地山脊，主要物种有黄梨木、鱼骨木、细叶谷木、毛叶铁榄、山榄叶柿等。
Appendix III-1 Appendix III A sequence of photos showing physiognomy of a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest plot (photographed by Tao Ding) (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-3.pdf) The top of the plot. The principal plant species are Boniodendron minius, Canthium dicoccum, Memecylon scutellatum, Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum, Diospyros siderophylla and so on.
附图III-2 样地中部。该区域位于样地山腰, 主要物种有蚬木、闭花木、广西牡荆、海南椴、网脉核果木、金丝李等。
Appendix III-2 Appendix III A sequence of photos showing physiognomy of a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest plot (photographed by Tao Ding) (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-3.pdf) The mountainside of the plot. The principal plant species are Excentrodendron tonkinense, Cleistanthus sumatranus, Vitex kwangsiensis, Diplodiscus trichosperma, Drypetes perreticulata, Garcinia paucinervis and so on.
附图III-3 样地下部。 该区域位于样地谷底边缘地带,主要物种有广西棋子豆、中国无忧花、苹婆、广西牡荆、肥牛树、劲直刺桐、对叶榕等。
Appendix III-3 Appendix III A sequence of photos showing physiognomy of a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest plot (photographed by Tao Ding) (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-3.pdf) The foot of the plot. The principal plant species are Cychidendron guangxiensis, Saraca dives, Sterculia monosperma, Vitex kwangsiensis, Cephalomappa sinensis, Erythrina stricta, Ficus hispida and so on.
附图III-4 样地谷底。 该区域位于样地最低处, 主要植物有对叶榕、苹婆、劲直刺桐、董棕、广西牡荆、广西棋子豆等。
Appendix III-4 Appendix III A sequence of photos showing physiognomy of a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest plot (photographed by Tao Ding) (http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-155-3.pdf) The valley bottom of the plot. The principal plant species are Ficus hispida, Sterculia monosperma, Erythrina stricta, Caryota obtusa, Vitex kwangsiensis, Cychidendron guangxiensis and so on.
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