环境因子对桂西南蚬木林下植被物种多样性变异的解释

doi:10.17520/biods.2019133

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 970-983. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019133

环境因子对桂西南蚬木林下植被物种多样性变异的解释

谭一波^1,^2,³,申文辉^1,^2,^3,^*(),付孜⁴,郑威^1,^2,³,欧芷阳^1,^2,³,谭长强^1,^2,³,彭玉华^1,^2,³,庞世龙^1,^2,³,何琴飞^1,^2,³,黄小荣^1,^2,³,何峰^1,^2,³

1 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院, 南宁 530002
2 广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室, 南宁 530002
3 广西漓江源森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广西桂林 541316
4 广西壮族自治区林业局退耕还林办公室, 南宁 530028

收稿日期:2019-04-18 接受日期:2019-09-11 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-25
通讯作者: 申文辉
基金资助:
广西科技计划项目(桂科AB16380300;桂科AB1850011);广西自然科学基金(2017GXNSFAA198102);广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室自主课题(16-A-04-01);广西林业科技项目(桂林科字[2014]02号)

Effect of environmental factors on understory species diversity in Southwest Guangxi Excentrodendron tonkinense forests

Yibo Tan^1,^2,³,Wenhui Shen^1,^2,^3,^*(),Zi Fu⁴,Wei Zheng^1,^2,³,Zhiyang Ou^1,^2,³,Zhangqiang Tan^1,^2,³,Yuhua Peng^1,^2,³,Shilong Pang^1,^2,³,Qinfei He^1,^2,³,Xiaorong Huang^1,^2,³,Feng He^1,^2,³

1 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002
2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Nanning 530002
3 Guangxi Lijiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Guilin, Guangxi 541316
4 Office of Converting Farmland to Forestry, Guangxi Forestry Bureau, Nanning 530028

Received:2019-04-18 Accepted:2019-09-11 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-25
Contact: Wenhui Shen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索林下植被分布格局及其影响因素, 对于天然林保护和森林生物多样性维持机制研究具有重要意义。本文以桂西南喀斯特地区不同蚬木(Excentrodendron tonkinense)天然成熟林为研究对象, 采用植物群落样方调查、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)等方法, 研究了8个县市蚬木天然成熟林林下植被物种多样性的变异及其对土壤、地形和光照等环境因子的响应。结果表明, 林下植被中灌木层优势种主要有越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis)、鹅掌柴(Schefflera heptaphylla)、毛果翼核果(Ventilago calyculata), 以及乔木层幼苗如蚬木、广西澄广花(Orophea anceps)、岩樟(Cinnamomum saxatile)、金丝李(Garcinia paucinervis)等, 主要来自豆科、五加科、鼠李科、椴树科、番荔枝科、樟科、藤黄科和大戟科等; 草本层优势种主要有肾蕨(Nephrolepis cordifolia)、石山棕(Guihaia argyrata)、崖姜(Pseudodrynaria coronans)、柔枝莠竹(Microstegium vimineum)、水蔗草(Apluda mutica)、沿阶草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)等, 主要来自肾蕨科、棕榈科、槲蕨科、禾本科、百合科、铁角蕨科和鳞毛蕨科等。土壤pH值、土壤含水量(SWC)、土壤全钾(TK)、土壤全磷(TP)和坡度(SLO)是林下植被物种多样性的主要影响因素, 它们分别解释了林下植被物种多样性32.3%、16.1%、9.7%、8.6%和8.6%的变异。灌木丰富度、灌木多样性指数与TK、SWC、土壤pH值和TP显著负相关, 而草本丰富度、草本多样性指数则与TK显著正相关; 灌木密度、灌木盖度与土壤pH值显著正相关, 草本密度与SWC和TK显著正相关, 草本盖度与TP、TK显著正相关, 与坡度显著负相关。土壤和地形因素是影响林下植被物种多样性变异的最主要因素, 而林分冠层结构的影响较小, 土壤各因素对林下植被物种多样性的影响高于地形因素。

关键词: 冠层结构, 冗余分析(RDA), 土壤养分, 地形因子, 林下植被物种多样性

Abstract

Exploring how distribution patterns of understory vegetation are affected by environmental factors is of great importance for natural forest protection and biodiversity conservation. Natural and mature Excentrodendron tonkinense-dominated forests on karst terrains were studied in eight counties of Southwest Guangxi. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to investigate the variation in species diversity and understory structure along a gradient of environmental factors including soil, topography, canopy structure and light. The results showed that the shrub layer was dominated by Sophora tonkinensis, Schefflera heptaphylla and Ventilago calyculata, as well as seedlings of species from the tree layer, such as Excentrodendron tonkinense, Orophea anceps, Cinnamomum saxatile and Garcinia paucinervis, etc. These species mainly represented the Leguminosae, Araliaceae, Rhamnaceae, Tiliaceae, Annonaceae, Lauraceae, Guttiferae and Euphorbiaceae families. Within the herb layer, the dominant species were Nephrolepis cordifolia, Guihaia argyrata, Pseudodrynaria coronans, Microstegium vimineum, Apluda mutica and Ophiopogon bodinieri, which mainly represent the Nephrolepidaceae, Palmae, Drynariaceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae families. Soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil total potassium (TK), soil total phosphorus (TP) and slope (SLO) were the main influencing factors, respectively explaining the variation in understory species diversity by 32.3%, 16.1%, 9.7%, 8.6% and 8.6%. Shrub richness and the shrub diversity index were significantly and negatively correlated with TK, SWC, soil pH and TP, while herb richness and the herb diversity index were significantly and positively correlated with TK. Shrub density and shrub coverage were positively linked to soil pH (P < 0.05), and herb density was positively associated with SWC and TK (P < 0.05). Herb coverage was positively correlated with TP and TK, and negatively correlated with slope (P < 0.05). Soil and topography were the most important factors affecting species diversity in the understory, while canopy structure had little effect on it. Edaphic factors were found to affect understory species diversity more than topographical factors.

Key words: canopy structure, redundancy analysis, soil nutrients, topographical factors, understory species diversity

谭一波,申文辉,付孜,郑威,欧芷阳,谭长强,彭玉华,庞世龙,何琴飞,黄小荣,何峰 (2019) 环境因子对桂西南蚬木林下植被物种多样性变异的解释. 生物多样性, 27, 970-983. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019133.

Yibo Tan,Wenhui Shen,Zi Fu,Wei Zheng,Zhiyang Ou,Zhangqiang Tan,Yuhua Peng,Shilong Pang,Qinfei He,Xiaorong Huang,Feng He (2019) Effect of environmental factors on understory species diversity in Southwest Guangxi Excentrodendron tonkinense forests. Biodiversity Science, 27, 970-983. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019133.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019133

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I9/970

图/表 9

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样地名称 Sample plots	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向指数 Transformation of aspect	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean height (m)
大新县 Daxin County	22°49′ N	106°46′ E	400	43°	0.97	4.93 ± 0.24	4.72 ± 0.12
靖西市 Jingxi City	22o53′ N	106o26′ E	357	40°	0.10	4.89 ± 0.30	5.65 ± 0.19
龙州县 Longzhou County	22o27′ N	106o56′ E	208	46°	0.98	5.30 ± 0.36	5.56 ± 0.19
隆安县 Longan County	23o4′ N	107o24′ E	409	42°	0.39	4.66 ± 0.29	5.48 ± 0.24
那坡县 Napo County	23°0′ N	105°52′ E	823	23°	0.77	12.49 ± 1.73	7.35 ± 0.52
平果县 Pingguo County	23°24′ N	107°32′ E	350	35°	0.97	3.65 ± 0.10	3.72 ± 0.05
天等县 Tiandeng County	23o8′ N	107o16′ E	418	40°	0.43	7.48 ± 0.53	7.77 ± 0.25
武鸣区 Wuming District	23o16′ N	107o51′ E	271	35°	0.98	10.34 ± 0.79	8.38 ± 0.42

样地名称 Sample plots	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向指数 Transformation of aspect	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean height (m)
大新县 Daxin County	22°49′ N	106°46′ E	400	43°	0.97	4.93 ± 0.24	4.72 ± 0.12
靖西市 Jingxi City	22o53′ N	106o26′ E	357	40°	0.10	4.89 ± 0.30	5.65 ± 0.19
龙州县 Longzhou County	22o27′ N	106o56′ E	208	46°	0.98	5.30 ± 0.36	5.56 ± 0.19
隆安县 Longan County	23o4′ N	107o24′ E	409	42°	0.39	4.66 ± 0.29	5.48 ± 0.24
那坡县 Napo County	23°0′ N	105°52′ E	823	23°	0.77	12.49 ± 1.73	7.35 ± 0.52
平果县 Pingguo County	23°24′ N	107°32′ E	350	35°	0.97	3.65 ± 0.10	3.72 ± 0.05
天等县 Tiandeng County	23o8′ N	107o16′ E	418	40°	0.43	7.48 ± 0.53	7.77 ± 0.25
武鸣区 Wuming District	23o16′ N	107o51′ E	271	35°	0.98	10.34 ± 0.79	8.38 ± 0.42

	大新县 Daxin County	靖西市 Jingxi City	龙州县 Longzhou County	隆安县 Longan County	那坡县 Napo County	平果县 Pingguo County	天等县 Tiandeng County	武鸣区 Wuming District
土壤pH Soil pH	6.66 ± 0.25^e	7.49 ± 0.11^abc	7.61 ± 0.10^ab	7.11 ± 0.08^d	7.30 ± 0.02^bcd	6.59 ± 0.02^e	7.24 ± 0.09^cd	7.76 ± 0.02^a
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg)	124.17 ± 18.07^cd	156.42 ± 21.96^bc	97.15 ± 7.06^d	144.18 ± 6.59^bc	369.20 ± 9.79^a	131.96 ± 10.62^bcd	174.81 ± 20.34^b	172.66 ± 5.77^b
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	7.64 ± 1.02^b	8.82 ± 1.08^b	5.11 ± 0.26^c	6.81 ± 0.28^bc	22.38 ± 0.40^a	7.26 ± 0.63^b	8.37 ± 0.77^b	7.75 ± 0.29^b
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)	1.75 ± 0.08^bc	1.88 ± 0.12^b	0.88 ± 0.05^ef	0.62 ± 0.03^f	6.47 ± 0.36^a	1.90 ± 0.07^b	1.26 ± 0.06^de	1.37 ± 0.09^cd
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium (g/kg)	1.70 ± 0.24^d	7.81 ± 0.86^a	2.29 ± 0.16^cd	3.24 ± 0.49^bc	3.34 ± 0.23^bc	3.11 ± 0.64^bcd	2.38 ± 0.25^cd	4.37 ± 0.26^b
土壤C : N Soil C : N	9.42 ± 0.34^c	10.24 ± 0.24^bc	11.01 ± 0.32^b	12.27 ± 0.10^a	9.57 ± 0.11^c	10.55 ± 0.21^b	12.07 ± 0.32^a	12.94 ± 0.47^a
土壤N : P Soil N : P	4.33 ± 0.44^cd	4.68 ± 0.39^cd	5.86 ± 0.68^bc	11.04 ± 0.65^a	3.48 ± 0.13^d	3.85 ± 0.48^d	6.74 ± 0.89^b	5.68 ± 0.16^bc
土壤含水量 Soil water content (g/g)	0.40 ± 0.09^b	0.48 ± 0.06^b	0.35 ± 0.03^b	0.40 ± 0.02^b	1.44 ± 0.06^a	0.41 ± 0.03^b	0.44 ± 0.03^b	0.47 ± 0.04^b
林冠开阔度 Canopy openness (%)	17.24 ± 0.41^a	14.20 ± 0.31^b	13.27 ± 0.88^b	13.68 ± 1.42^b	15.89 ± 1.78^ab	13.46 ± 0.23^b	12.79 ± 0.54^b	13.83 ± 0.40^b
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	2.13 ± 0.02^b	2.40 ± 0.05^ab	2.50 ± 0.09^a	2.54 ± 0.08^a	2.34 ± 0.26^ab	2.40 ± 0.08^ab	2.37 ± 0.02^ab	2.31 ± 0.07^ab
林内直射光 Transmitted direct in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	4.42 ± 0.16^a	3.08 ± 0.27^b	3.20 ± 0.33^b	2.96 ± 0.24^b	3.28 ± 0.45^b	3.16 ± 0.25^b	3.47 ± 0.11^b	3.55 ± 0.32^b
林内散射光 Transmitted diffuse in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	4.03 ± 0.05^a	3.35 ± 0.15^b	3.10 ± 0.13^b	2.92 ± 0.16^b	3.45 ± 0.43^b	3.12 ± 0.15^b	3.17 ± 0.05^b	3.36 ± 0.13^b
林内总光照 Transmitted total in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	8.45 ± 0.21^a	6.43 ± 0.39^b	6.30 ± 0.39^b	5.88 ± 0.34^b	6.73 ± 0.88^b	6.28 ± 0.40^b	6.64 ± 0.09^b	6.91 ± 0.41^b
消光系数Extinction coefficient (k)	0.72 ± 0.02^a	0.76 ± 0.02^a	0.74 ± 0.03^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a	0.77 ± 0.04^a	0.76 ± 0.01^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a

	大新县 Daxin County	靖西市 Jingxi City	龙州县 Longzhou County	隆安县 Longan County	那坡县 Napo County	平果县 Pingguo County	天等县 Tiandeng County	武鸣区 Wuming District
土壤pH Soil pH	6.66 ± 0.25^e	7.49 ± 0.11^abc	7.61 ± 0.10^ab	7.11 ± 0.08^d	7.30 ± 0.02^bcd	6.59 ± 0.02^e	7.24 ± 0.09^cd	7.76 ± 0.02^a
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg)	124.17 ± 18.07^cd	156.42 ± 21.96^bc	97.15 ± 7.06^d	144.18 ± 6.59^bc	369.20 ± 9.79^a	131.96 ± 10.62^bcd	174.81 ± 20.34^b	172.66 ± 5.77^b
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	7.64 ± 1.02^b	8.82 ± 1.08^b	5.11 ± 0.26^c	6.81 ± 0.28^bc	22.38 ± 0.40^a	7.26 ± 0.63^b	8.37 ± 0.77^b	7.75 ± 0.29^b
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)	1.75 ± 0.08^bc	1.88 ± 0.12^b	0.88 ± 0.05^ef	0.62 ± 0.03^f	6.47 ± 0.36^a	1.90 ± 0.07^b	1.26 ± 0.06^de	1.37 ± 0.09^cd
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium (g/kg)	1.70 ± 0.24^d	7.81 ± 0.86^a	2.29 ± 0.16^cd	3.24 ± 0.49^bc	3.34 ± 0.23^bc	3.11 ± 0.64^bcd	2.38 ± 0.25^cd	4.37 ± 0.26^b
土壤C : N Soil C : N	9.42 ± 0.34^c	10.24 ± 0.24^bc	11.01 ± 0.32^b	12.27 ± 0.10^a	9.57 ± 0.11^c	10.55 ± 0.21^b	12.07 ± 0.32^a	12.94 ± 0.47^a
土壤N : P Soil N : P	4.33 ± 0.44^cd	4.68 ± 0.39^cd	5.86 ± 0.68^bc	11.04 ± 0.65^a	3.48 ± 0.13^d	3.85 ± 0.48^d	6.74 ± 0.89^b	5.68 ± 0.16^bc
土壤含水量 Soil water content (g/g)	0.40 ± 0.09^b	0.48 ± 0.06^b	0.35 ± 0.03^b	0.40 ± 0.02^b	1.44 ± 0.06^a	0.41 ± 0.03^b	0.44 ± 0.03^b	0.47 ± 0.04^b
林冠开阔度 Canopy openness (%)	17.24 ± 0.41^a	14.20 ± 0.31^b	13.27 ± 0.88^b	13.68 ± 1.42^b	15.89 ± 1.78^ab	13.46 ± 0.23^b	12.79 ± 0.54^b	13.83 ± 0.40^b
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	2.13 ± 0.02^b	2.40 ± 0.05^ab	2.50 ± 0.09^a	2.54 ± 0.08^a	2.34 ± 0.26^ab	2.40 ± 0.08^ab	2.37 ± 0.02^ab	2.31 ± 0.07^ab
林内直射光 Transmitted direct in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	4.42 ± 0.16^a	3.08 ± 0.27^b	3.20 ± 0.33^b	2.96 ± 0.24^b	3.28 ± 0.45^b	3.16 ± 0.25^b	3.47 ± 0.11^b	3.55 ± 0.32^b
林内散射光 Transmitted diffuse in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	4.03 ± 0.05^a	3.35 ± 0.15^b	3.10 ± 0.13^b	2.92 ± 0.16^b	3.45 ± 0.43^b	3.12 ± 0.15^b	3.17 ± 0.05^b	3.36 ± 0.13^b
林内总光照 Transmitted total in forest (mol·m^-2·d^-1)	8.45 ± 0.21^a	6.43 ± 0.39^b	6.30 ± 0.39^b	5.88 ± 0.34^b	6.73 ± 0.88^b	6.28 ± 0.40^b	6.64 ± 0.09^b	6.91 ± 0.41^b
消光系数Extinction coefficient (k)	0.72 ± 0.02^a	0.76 ± 0.02^a	0.74 ± 0.03^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a	0.77 ± 0.04^a	0.76 ± 0.01^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a	0.75 ± 0.01^a

样地 Plot	物种 Species	层次 Layer	重要值 IV (%)	样地 Plot	物种 Species	层次 Layer	重要值 IV (%)
大新县 Daxin County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	58.84	那坡县 Napo County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	33.10
	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	T	7.29		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	T	8.90
	岩柿 Diospyros dumetorum	T	3.46		樟叶槭 Acer coriaceifolia	T	5.59
	榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia	T	3.36		漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	T	5.41
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	S	13.89		鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla	S	26.90
	红背山麻杆 Alchornea trewioides	S	12.52		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	S	19.93
	光叶紫玉盘 Uvaria boniana	S	7.78		香蒲桃 Syzygium odoratum	S	5.71
	鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	S	6.66		香叶树 Lindera communis	S	4.49
	石山棕 Guihaia argyrata	H	27.03		巢蕨 Neottopteris nidus	H	14.46
	江南卷柏 Selaginella moellendorffii	H	13.09		贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	H	10.34
	槲蕨 Drynaria roosii	H	9.37		肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia	H	8.77
	铁角蕨 Asplenium trichomanes	H	8.92		艾麻 Laportea cuspidata	H	8.76
靖西市 Jingxi City	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	33.69	平果县Pingguo County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	11.02
	岩樟 Cinnamomum saxatile	T	17.76		黄荆 Vitex negundo	T	8.76
	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	T	5.18		清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	T	6.53
	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	T	1.58		岩柿 Diospyros dumetorum	T	5.53
	苎麻 Boehmeria nivea	S	48.41		黄荆 Vitex negundo	S	21.05
	岩樟 Cinnamomum saxatile	S	18.45		蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	S	15.33
	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	S	13.92		薄皮酒饼簕 Atalantia henryi	S	10.25
	老虎刺 Pterolobium punctatum	S	9.99		山石榴 Catunaregam spinosa	S	3.68
	肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia	H	11.10		柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum	H	50.02
	蔓生莠竹 Microstegium fasciculatum	H	10.26		水蔗草 Apluda mutica	H	19.18
	苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	H	5.91		假鞭叶铁线蕨 Adiantum malesianum	H	7.75
	艾麻 Laportea cuspidata	H	3.78		硬叶兰 Cymbidium bicolor	H	4.87
龙州县Longzhou County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	25.22	天等县Tiandeng County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	43.08
	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	T	11.38		金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	T	10.74
	金丝李 Garcinia pauc	T	11.28		异叶榕 Ficus heteromorpha	T	4.48
	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii	T	4.23		广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	T	4.24
	广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	S	21.26		毛果翼核果 Ventilago calyculata	S	17.39
	九里香 Murraya exotica	S	10.89		异叶榕 Ficus heteromorpha	S	7.48
	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	S	7.29		海红豆 Adenanthera pavonina	S	7.25
	牛筋藤 Malaisia scandens	S	6.95		金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	S	4.73
	崖姜 Pseudodrynaria coronans	H	9.10		肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia	H	20.28
	鞭叶蕨 Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon	H	5.56		狭叶沿阶草 Ophiopogon stenophyllus	H	9.57
	竹叶草 Oplismenus compositus	H	5.31		槲蕨 Drynaria roosii	H	8.98
	鞭叶铁线蕨 Adiantum caudatum	H	4.37		石韦 Pyrrosia lingua	H	8.64
隆安县Longan County	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	46.81	武鸣区Wuming District	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	T	69.88
	九里香 Murraya exotica	T	5.98		苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	T	8.42
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	T	4.65		菜豆树 Radermachera sinica	T	5.07
	青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	T	4.58		黄荆 Vitex negundo	T	3.29
	越南槐 Sophora tonkinensis	S	23.65		越南槐 Sophora tonkinensis	S	34.65
	九里香 Murraya exotica	S	10.05		红背山麻杆 Alchornea trewioides	S	18.87
	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	S	5.55		潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa	S	5.45
	红鳞蒲桃 Syzygium hancei	S	4.05		黄荆 Vitex negundo	S	3.47
	沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri	H	47.05		肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia	H	48.21
	褐果薹草 Carex brunnea	H	14.07		艾麻 Laportea cuspidata	H	6.70
	肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia	H	6.57		鞭叶铁线蕨 Adiantum caudatum	H	5.46
	广西前胡 Peucedanum guangxiense	H	4.35		硬叶兰 Cymbidium bicolor	H	1.99

环境因子对桂西南蚬木林下植被物种多样性变异的解释

Effect of environmental factors on understory species diversity in Southwest Guangxi Excentrodendron tonkinense forests

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林下植被物种多样性 Understory species diversity	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean squares	F
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness (S_shrub)	502.625	71.804	4.97^**
灌木多样性 Shrub diversity (SW_shrub)	10.455	1.494	6.08^**
灌木密度 Shrub density (D_shrub)	3,728,711.958	532,673.137	11.19^**
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (C_shrub)	2,969.312	424.187	4.93^**
草本丰富度 Herb richness (S_herb)	256.000	36.571	3.46^*
草本多样性 Herb diversity (SW_herb)	7.880	1.126	2.46
草本密度 Herb density (D_herb)	167,753,218.958	23,964,745.565	10.51^**
草本盖度 Herb coverage (C_herb)	11,636.273	1,662.325	20.44^**

	灌木多样性 Shrub diversity	灌木密度 Shrub density	灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	草本丰富度 Herb richness	草本多样性 Herb diversity	草本密度 Herb density	草本盖度 Herb coverage
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness	0.867^**	0.063	0.297	-0.327	-0.268	-0.619^**	-0.706^**
灌木多样性 Shrub diversity		0.103	0.293	-0.25	-0.049	-0.576^**	-0.660^**
灌木密度 Shrub density			0.738^**	-0.314	-0.111	-0.076	-0.205
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage				-0.350	-0.171	0.05	-0.169
草本丰富度 Herb richness					0.783^**	0.431^*	0.634^**
草本多样性 Herb diversity						0.275	0.430^*
草本密度 Herb density							0.861^**

排序概要 Summary of ordination	第1轴 Axis 1	第2轴 Axis 2	第3轴 Axis 3	第4轴 Axis 4	总方差 Total variance
特征值 Eigenvalues	0.611	0.254	0.035	0.017	1
林下植被物种多样性-环境因子相关 Understory species diversity-environmental factors correlations	0.980	0.969	0.886	0.892
解释的林下植被物种多样性组成变异的累积百分比 Cumulative percentage variance of understory species diversity data (%)	61.1	86.5	90.0	91.7
林下植被物种多样性-环境因子关系方差的累积百分比 Cumulative percentage variance of understory species diversity-environmental factors relation (%)	65.3	92.5	96.2	98.1
特征值总和 Sum of eigenvalues					1
典型特征值总和 Sum of canonical eigenvalues					0.935
第一典范轴的显著性测验 Significant test of the first canonical axis	F = 10.975, P = 0.002
所有典范轴的显著性测验 Significant test of all canonical axes	F = 6.248, P= 0.002

环境因子 Environmental factors	解释率 Contribution (%)	F
土壤pH Soil pH	32.3	9.4^**
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SWC)	16.1	6.0^**
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium (TK)	9.7	4.7^**
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (TP)	8.6	4.9^**
坡度 Slope (SLO)	8.6	3.4^*
海拔 Elevation (ELE)	3.6	2.2
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (SOM)	3.6	2.2
林内散射光 Transmitted diffuse in forest (Trans Dif)	3.1	1.9
林冠开阔度 Canopy openness (CO)	2.5	1.5
坡向 Slope aspect (SLOA)	2.4	1.4
林内总光照 Transmitted total in forest (Trans Tot)	2.3	1.3
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (TN)	2	1.2
林内直射光 Transmitted direct in forest (Trans Dir)	1.6	0.9
坡位 Slope position	1.5	0.8
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)	1	0.5
消光系数 Extinction coefficient (k)	0.6	0.3

林下植被物种多样性 Understory species diversity	逐步回归方程 Stepwise regression equation	调整后决定系数 Adjusted R square (R²_adj)	P
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness (S_shrub)	S_shrub = 57.560 - 1.184TK - 6.416SWC - 5.410pH	0.599	0.015
灌木多样性 Shrub diversity (SW_shrub)	SW_shrub = 3.938 - 0.290TK - 0.173TP	0.661	0.004
灌木密度 Shrub density (D_shrub)	D_shrub = - 2888.420 + 482.654pH	0.189	0.019
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage (C_shrub)	C_shrub = 5.855 + 0.023D_shrub	0.524	< 0.001
草本丰富度 Herb richness (S_herb)	S_herb = 4.752 + 1.156TK	0.239	0.009
草本多样性 Herb diversity (SW_herb)	SW_herb = 0.849 + 0.148S_herb	0.595	< 0.001
草本密度 Herb density (D_herb)	D_herb = - 3061.719 + 6073.551SWC + 579.980TK	0.663	0.005
草本盖度 Herb coverage (C_herb)	C_herb = - 90.729 + 7.579TK + 12.862TP - 1.653SLO	0.725	0.007

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