北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤和6个常见树种凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2017148

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 1085-1094.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017148

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤和6个常见树种
凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征

郭屹立^1,², 李冬兴^1,², 王斌^1,², 白坤栋^1,², 向悟生^1,², 李先琨^1,^2,^*()

1 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006
2 广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广西凭祥 532699

收稿日期:2017-05-17 接受日期:2017-10-16 出版日期:2017-10-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 李先琨
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31500342, 31660130)、广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB16380256)、广西自然科学基金(2015GXNSFBA139050)和中国科学院西部之光项目(人字﹝2014〕91号)

C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of soil and litter fall for six common tree species in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China

Yili Guo^1,², Dongxing Li^1,², Bin Wang^1,², Kundong Bai^1,², Wusheng Xiang^1,², Xiankun Li^1,^2,^*

1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
2 Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532699

Received:2017-05-17 Accepted:2017-10-16 Online:2017-10-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Li Xiankun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物是森林生态系统的有机质和养分储藏库, 是土壤和植物间物质交换的枢纽, 是森林土壤肥力的主要来源之一。本文选取弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha森林动态监测样地中布设的90个凋落物收集器自2014年3月至2015年2月收集的6个常见种的凋落叶, 结合2014年7月沿海拔梯度(185-368 m)采集的50个土壤样品, 研究了土壤和凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征及其沿海拔梯度的变化趋势。结果表明, 除P含量在高坡位及峰顶较低外, 土壤中的C、N、P含量均达到了全国第二次土壤普查分类标准中的一级水平; 土壤的C、N含量及C : P和N : P与海拔呈正比, P含量和C : N与海拔呈反比。因本文采样的海拔差异较小, 推测上述土壤养分含量与海拔的关系主要是由于微地形引起的土壤差异而不是海拔差引起的气象因子差异所致。与其他森林生态系统相比, 这6个常见种凋落叶的C、N、P含量的平均值呈现出高C和N、低P的格局; 而不同海拔凋落叶的C、N、P并未表现出类似土壤中的变化规律; 6个常见种凋落叶均表现出春季较高的C含量和夏季较高的N、P含量。虽然桂西南喀斯特季节性雨林中土壤的C、N、P含量总体水平较高, 但其单位面积内的胸高断面积之和却远低于其他森林生态系统, 表现为生物承载量较低; 受个体生长环境差异的影响, 同种凋落叶的C、N、P化学计量学特征可能会存在个体间差异。研究结果将为我国西南地区典型喀斯特生态脆弱区的生态功能恢复与植被重建提供科学依据。

关键词: 喀斯特季节性雨林, 化学计量学特征, 土壤, 凋落叶, 海拔梯度, 季节性变化

Abstract:

Litter fall provides organic matter and nutrients to forest ecosystems and is central to the exchange of substances between soil and plants. It plays a vital role in the maintenance of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems and it is one of the main sources of soil fertility. We used litter fall data for six common tree species collected between March 2014 and February 2015 from 90 litter fall traps, and fifty soil samples collected in July 2014 along an altitudinal gradient from 185 to 368 m in a tropical karst forest in Guangxi, China. We studied the C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of soil and litter fall, and their trends along an altitudinal gradient. Soil C and N contents were all positively associated with altitude, while P content was negatively associated with altitude. Soil C : N was negatively associated with altitude, while C : P and N : P were positively associated with altitude. Due to the narrow altitudinal range of the soil samples, we speculate that the association of soil nutrients with altitude is due to the effect of micro-topography and not a climatic effect. Apart from the higher slope and summit, the soil C, N, P contents reached the first classification level of the national criterion of soil nutrients. Compared with other forest ecosystems, we found greater C and N contents and lower P content than the average value of C, N, P contents for litter fall of six common species. There were no trends for C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of the mixed sample of leaf litter for the six common tree species along an altitudinal gradient. The six common tree species have higher C content in spring and higher contents of N and P in summer. The per unit total basal area of trees in this forest was much lower than other forest ecosystems, indicating its low biomass stock. This study provides useful information for ecological restoration of a typical vulnerable karst ecosystem in China.

Key words: karst seasonal rainforest, stoichiometric characteristics, soil, litter fall of leaves, altitude gradient, seasonal variation

郭屹立, 李冬兴, 王斌, 白坤栋, 向悟生, 李先琨. 北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤和6个常见树种
凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(10): 1085-1094.

Yili Guo, Dongxing Li, Bin Wang, Kundong Bai, Wusheng Xiang, Xiankun Li. C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of soil and litter fall for six common tree species in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(10): 1085-1094.

图/表 6

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编号 No.	种名 Species	个体数 No. of individuals	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	2014年凋落量 Litter fall in 2014 (kg/ha)	偏好生境 Preferred habitat	海拔 Altitude (m)
SP1	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	1,982	6.65	425.1	上坡位 Upper slope	290.2
SP2	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	11,982	4.57	694.3	上坡位 Upper slope	279.2
SP3	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia	9,403	7.87	542.5	中坡位 Middle slope	253.9
SP4	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	9,066	5.00	470.9	中坡位 Middle slope	244.1
SP5	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	194	13.67	161.3	低坡位 Lower slope	211.0
SP6	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	507	7.76	127.9	低坡位 Lower slope	207.9

编号 No.	种名 Species	个体数 No. of individuals	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	2014年凋落量 Litter fall in 2014 (kg/ha)	偏好生境 Preferred habitat	海拔 Altitude (m)
SP1	海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	1,982	6.65	425.1	上坡位 Upper slope	290.2
SP2	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	11,982	4.57	694.3	上坡位 Upper slope	279.2
SP3	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia	9,403	7.87	542.5	中坡位 Middle slope	253.9
SP4	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	9,066	5.00	470.9	中坡位 Middle slope	244.1
SP5	中国无忧花 Saraca dives	194	13.67	161.3	低坡位 Lower slope	211.0
SP6	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	507	7.76	127.9	低坡位 Lower slope	207.9

生境类型 Habitat category	C (g/kg)	N (g/kg)	P (g/kg)	C : N	C : P	N : P
峰顶 Hilltop	141.82 ± 7.97^a	9.25 ± 0.58^a	0.70 ± 0.04^a	15.44 ± 0.42^a	207.67 ± 13.90^a	13.59 ± 1.05^a
高坡位 Upper slope	121.01 ± 8.38^b	7.77 ± 0.45^ab	0.79 ± 0.08^a	15.93 ± 1.33^a	159.75 ± 13.30^b	10.70 ± 1.16^ab
中坡位 Middle slope	103.56 ± 6.69^c	6.63 ± 0.36^b	1.18 ± 0.102^ab	15.65 ± 0.56^a	93.332 ± 9.10^c	6.00 ± 0.58^b
低坡位 Lower slope	103.66 ± 4.67^c	6.32 ± 0.37^b	1.67 ± 0.11^b	16.59 ± 0.56^a	63.57 ± 3.818^d	3.87 ± 0.26^c
洼地 Depression	90.38 ± 6.68^d	5.26 ± 0.38^c	2.40 ± 0.19^c	17.54 ± 1.25^ab	40.77 ± 4.96^e	2.32 ± 0.25^cd

生境类型 Habitat category	C (g/kg)	N (g/kg)	P (g/kg)	C : N	C : P	N : P
峰顶 Hilltop	141.82 ± 7.97^a	9.25 ± 0.58^a	0.70 ± 0.04^a	15.44 ± 0.42^a	207.67 ± 13.90^a	13.59 ± 1.05^a
高坡位 Upper slope	121.01 ± 8.38^b	7.77 ± 0.45^ab	0.79 ± 0.08^a	15.93 ± 1.33^a	159.75 ± 13.30^b	10.70 ± 1.16^ab
中坡位 Middle slope	103.56 ± 6.69^c	6.63 ± 0.36^b	1.18 ± 0.102^ab	15.65 ± 0.56^a	93.332 ± 9.10^c	6.00 ± 0.58^b
低坡位 Lower slope	103.66 ± 4.67^c	6.32 ± 0.37^b	1.67 ± 0.11^b	16.59 ± 0.56^a	63.57 ± 3.818^d	3.87 ± 0.26^c
洼地 Depression	90.38 ± 6.68^d	5.26 ± 0.38^c	2.40 ± 0.19^c	17.54 ± 1.25^ab	40.77 ± 4.96^e	2.32 ± 0.25^cd

物种 Species	C (g/kg)	N(g/kg)	P (g/kg)	C : N	C : P	N : P
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	586.24 ± 47.25^b	16.37 ± 2.71^b	0.63 ± 0.11^c	36.43 ± 1.33^b	941.69 ± 34.37^b	26.12 ± 1.21^b
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	624.66 ± 32.53^a	13.30 ± 4.47^c	0.41 ± 0.08^cd	50.71 ± 3.70^a	1,582.98 ± 92.82^a	32.32 ± 2.08^b
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia	581.99 ± 56.14^b	20.42 ± 3.06^a	1.08 ± 0.15^ab	28.88 ± 1.09^c	545 ± 23.32^c	18.97 ± 0.70^c
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	578.50 ± 33.51^b	16.31 ± 2.06^b	1.23 ± 0.27^a	36.04 ± 1.58^b	501.37 ± 39.61^c	13.84 ± 0.77^d
中国无忧花 Saraca dives	578.49 ± 19.74^b	13.94 ± 2.23^bc	1.33 ± 0.31^a	42.64 ± 2.34^ab	450.20 ± 23.11^c	10.87 ± 0.81^d
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	649.00 ± 51.29^a	21.24 ± 2.54^a	0.48 ± 0.08^cd	31.00 ± 1.31^c	1,397.22 ± 88.93^a	45.10 ± 2.02^a

北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤和6个常见树种
凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征

C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of soil and litter fall for six common tree species in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China

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物种 Species	季节 Season	C (g/kg)	N (g/kg)	P (g/kg)	C : N	C : P	N : P
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	春季 Spring	631.96 ± 38.12^a	17.63 ± 0.12^ab	0.65 ± 0.06^a	35.83 ± 2.09^ab	984.01 ± 56.99^a	27.63 ± 2.11^a
	夏季 Summer	606.89 ± 8.12^ab	19.40 ± 1.33^a	0.73 ± 0.09^a	31.65 ± 2.66^b	853.47 ± 34.03^ab	27.48 ± 4.53^a
	秋季 Autumn	546.15 ± 5.891^b	13.75 ± 0.87^c	0.58 ± 0.05^ab	40.00 ± 2.27^a	949.01 ± 76.93^a	23.70 ± 1.20^a
	冬季 Winter	559.95 ± 11.48^b	14.71 ± 0.87^c	0.57 ± 0.03^ab	38.24 ± 1.64^a	980.29 ± 44.97^a	25.66 ± 0.87^a
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	春季 Spring	644.94 ± 35.61^a	13.01 ± 0.87^b	0.43 ± 0.02^ab	50.12 ± 4.18^ab	1,501.64 ± 150.05^b	30.17 ± 2.54^b
	夏季 Summer	636.59 ± 5.45^a	19.48 ± 2.67^a	0.50 ± 0.02^a	33.93 ± 4.57^b	1,284.62 ± 38.53^b	39.70 ± 7.00^a
	秋季 Autumn	599.37 ± 2.92^a	11.20 ± 0.35^b	0.39 ± 0.02^b	53.64 ± 1.98^ab	1,519.62 ± 84.76^b	28.32 ± 0.96^b
	冬季 Winter	617.74 ± 3.67^a	9.50 ± 0.32^b	0.31 ± 0.02^c	65.13 ± 1.99^a	2,026.05 ± 101.94^a	31.10 ± 1.13^b
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia	春季 Spring	621.14 ± 37.60^a	20.91 ± 0.63^a	0.96 ± 0.03^b	29.88 ± 2.78^a	646.18 ± 25.58^a	21.84 ± 1.20^a
	夏季 Summer	604.61 ± 23.11^a	24.87 ± 0.13^a	1.28 ± 0.05^a	24.31 ± 0.99^ab	474.81 ± 34.03^b	19.48 ± 0.64^a
	秋季 Autumn	568.00 ± 3.49^a	18.62 ± 0.15^b	1.05 ± 0.02^b	30.51 ± 0.34^a	541.27 ± 9.08^ab	17.75 ± 0.49^a
	冬季 Winter	534.22 ± 39.44^ab	17.29 ± 0.47^b	1.04 ± 0.10^b	30.84 ± 1.72^a	517.75 ± 45.97^ab	16.80 ± 1.15^a
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	春季 Spring	612.08 ± 26.03^a	14.98 ± 0.73^b	0.97 ± 0.06^b	41.13 ± 3.21^a	635.44 ± 60.17^a	15.41 ± 0.25^a
	夏季 Summer	556.00 ± 15.59^a	19.44 ± 0.60^a	1.49 ± 0.05^a	28.63 ± 0.75^b	373.98 ± 16.39^c	13.05 ± 0.31^a
	秋季 Autumn	562.55 ± 3.54^a	15.23 ± 0.48^b	1.22 ± 0.12^ab	37.01 ± 1.35^a	470.92 ± 44.59^b	12.84 ± 1.68^a
	冬季 Winter	583.38 ± 13.02^a	15.61 ± 0.19^b	1.24 ± 0.23^ab	37.38 ± 0.60^a	525.13 ± 103.88^b	14.06 ± 2.84^a
中国无忧花 Saraca dives	春季 Spring	589.41 ± 9.94^a	14.64 ± 0.69^a	1.39 ± 0.28^a	40.47 ± 2.52^b	405.08 ± 67.98^a	10.15 ± 2.07^a
	夏季 Summer	589.05 ± 7.66^a	15.95 ± 0.47^a	1.55 ± 0.20^a	37.04 ± 1.54^b	440.75 ± 58.67^a	12.07 ± 2.12^a
	秋季 Autumn	566.74 ± 2.26^a	14.16 ± 0.58^a	1.19 ± 0.10^ab	40.14 ± 1.54^b	484.56 ± 41.07^a	12.09 ± 1.06^a
	冬季 Winter	568.74 ± 17.89^a	11.01 ± 1.22^b	1.21 ± 0.04^ab	52.90 ± 5.95^a	470.40 ± 11.80^a	9.15 ± 1.15^a
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	春季 Spring	704.78 ± 13.80^a	21.20 ± 0.48^a	0.42 ± 0.06^b	33.31 ± 1.38^a	1,723.53 ± 216.60^a	51.83 ± 6.35^a
	夏季 Summer	614.27 ± 47.98^b	24.84 ± 0.59^a	0.57 ± 0.02^a	24.79 ± 2.17^ab	1,074.73 ± 58.67^b	43.66 ± 1.75^ab
	秋季 Autumn	637.85 ± 4.48^ab	19.08 ± 0.54^a	0.44 ± 0.03^b	33.48 ± 1.09^a	1,476.42 ± 108.41^ab	43.97 ± 1.86^ab
	冬季 Winter	639.11 ± 6.37^ab	19.84 ± 1.08^a	0.49 ± 0.01^ab	32.42 ± 2.01^a	1,314.19 ± 19.96^ab	40.92 ± 3.12^ab

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