生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 1085-1094.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017148
郭屹立1,2, 李冬兴1,2, 王斌1,2, 白坤栋1,2, 向悟生1,2, 李先琨1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2017-05-17
接受日期:
2017-10-16
出版日期:
2017-10-20
发布日期:
2018-05-05
通讯作者:
李先琨
基金资助:
Yili Guo1,2, Dongxing Li1,2, Bin Wang1,2, Kundong Bai1,2, Wusheng Xiang1,2, Xiankun Li1,2,*
Received:
2017-05-17
Accepted:
2017-10-16
Online:
2017-10-20
Published:
2018-05-05
Contact:
Li Xiankun
摘要:
凋落物是森林生态系统的有机质和养分储藏库, 是土壤和植物间物质交换的枢纽, 是森林土壤肥力的主要来源之一。本文选取弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha森林动态监测样地中布设的90个凋落物收集器自2014年3月至2015年2月收集的6个常见种的凋落叶, 结合2014年7月沿海拔梯度(185-368 m)采集的50个土壤样品, 研究了土壤和凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征及其沿海拔梯度的变化趋势。结果表明, 除P含量在高坡位及峰顶较低外, 土壤中的C、N、P含量均达到了全国第二次土壤普查分类标准中的一级水平; 土壤的C、N含量及C : P和N : P与海拔呈正比, P含量和C : N与海拔呈反比。因本文采样的海拔差异较小, 推测上述土壤养分含量与海拔的关系主要是由于微地形引起的土壤差异而不是海拔差引起的气象因子差异所致。与其他森林生态系统相比, 这6个常见种凋落叶的C、N、P含量的平均值呈现出高C和N、低P的格局; 而不同海拔凋落叶的C、N、P并未表现出类似土壤中的变化规律; 6个常见种凋落叶均表现出春季较高的C含量和夏季较高的N、P含量。虽然桂西南喀斯特季节性雨林中土壤的C、N、P含量总体水平较高, 但其单位面积内的胸高断面积之和却远低于其他森林生态系统, 表现为生物承载量较低; 受个体生长环境差异的影响, 同种凋落叶的C、N、P化学计量学特征可能会存在个体间差异。研究结果将为我国西南地区典型喀斯特生态脆弱区的生态功能恢复与植被重建提供科学依据。
郭屹立, 李冬兴, 王斌, 白坤栋, 向悟生, 李先琨. 北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤和6个常见树种
凋落物的C、N、P化学计量学特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(10): 1085-1094.
Yili Guo, Dongxing Li, Bin Wang, Kundong Bai, Wusheng Xiang, Xiankun Li. C, N and P stoichiometric characteristics of soil and litter fall for six common tree species in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(10): 1085-1094.
编号 No. | 种名 Species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 2014年凋落量 Litter fall in 2014 (kg/ha) | 偏好生境 Preferred habitat | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1 | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 1,982 | 6.65 | 425.1 | 上坡位 Upper slope | 290.2 |
SP2 | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 11,982 | 4.57 | 694.3 | 上坡位 Upper slope | 279.2 |
SP3 | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 9,403 | 7.87 | 542.5 | 中坡位 Middle slope | 253.9 |
SP4 | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 9,066 | 5.00 | 470.9 | 中坡位 Middle slope | 244.1 |
SP5 | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 194 | 13.67 | 161.3 | 低坡位 Lower slope | 211.0 |
SP6 | 广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 507 | 7.76 | 127.9 | 低坡位 Lower slope | 207.9 |
表1 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地6个常见种物种属性及其偏好生境
Table 1 Characteristics and preferred habitats of six common tree species of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi
编号 No. | 种名 Species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 2014年凋落量 Litter fall in 2014 (kg/ha) | 偏好生境 Preferred habitat | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1 | 海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 1,982 | 6.65 | 425.1 | 上坡位 Upper slope | 290.2 |
SP2 | 闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 11,982 | 4.57 | 694.3 | 上坡位 Upper slope | 279.2 |
SP3 | 广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 9,403 | 7.87 | 542.5 | 中坡位 Middle slope | 253.9 |
SP4 | 苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 9,066 | 5.00 | 470.9 | 中坡位 Middle slope | 244.1 |
SP5 | 中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 194 | 13.67 | 161.3 | 低坡位 Lower slope | 211.0 |
SP6 | 广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 507 | 7.76 | 127.9 | 低坡位 Lower slope | 207.9 |
图1 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地不同海拔梯度下土壤的C、N、P含量及化学计量比。■洼地; ○低坡位; ▲中坡位; □高坡位; ●峰顶。
Fig. 1 Soil C, N, P contents and stoichiometry along altitude gradient of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi. ■ Depression; ○ Lower slope; ▲ Middle slope; □ Higher slope; ● Hilltop.
生境类型 Habitat category | C (g/kg) | N (g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
峰顶 Hilltop | 141.82 ± 7.97a | 9.25 ± 0.58a | 0.70 ± 0.04a | 15.44 ± 0.42a | 207.67 ± 13.90a | 13.59 ± 1.05a |
高坡位 Upper slope | 121.01 ± 8.38b | 7.77 ± 0.45ab | 0.79 ± 0.08a | 15.93 ± 1.33a | 159.75 ± 13.30b | 10.70 ± 1.16ab |
中坡位 Middle slope | 103.56 ± 6.69c | 6.63 ± 0.36b | 1.18 ± 0.102ab | 15.65 ± 0.56a | 93.332 ± 9.10c | 6.00 ± 0.58b |
低坡位 Lower slope | 103.66 ± 4.67c | 6.32 ± 0.37b | 1.67 ± 0.11b | 16.59 ± 0.56a | 63.57 ± 3.818d | 3.87 ± 0.26c |
洼地 Depression | 90.38 ± 6.68d | 5.26 ± 0.38c | 2.40 ± 0.19c | 17.54 ± 1.25ab | 40.77 ± 4.96e | 2.32 ± 0.25cd |
表2 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地不同生境类型土壤的C、N、P含量及化学计量比(平均值±标准误)
Table 2 Soil C, N, P contents and stoichiometry (mean ± SE) in different habitat categories of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi
生境类型 Habitat category | C (g/kg) | N (g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
峰顶 Hilltop | 141.82 ± 7.97a | 9.25 ± 0.58a | 0.70 ± 0.04a | 15.44 ± 0.42a | 207.67 ± 13.90a | 13.59 ± 1.05a |
高坡位 Upper slope | 121.01 ± 8.38b | 7.77 ± 0.45ab | 0.79 ± 0.08a | 15.93 ± 1.33a | 159.75 ± 13.30b | 10.70 ± 1.16ab |
中坡位 Middle slope | 103.56 ± 6.69c | 6.63 ± 0.36b | 1.18 ± 0.102ab | 15.65 ± 0.56a | 93.332 ± 9.10c | 6.00 ± 0.58b |
低坡位 Lower slope | 103.66 ± 4.67c | 6.32 ± 0.37b | 1.67 ± 0.11b | 16.59 ± 0.56a | 63.57 ± 3.818d | 3.87 ± 0.26c |
洼地 Depression | 90.38 ± 6.68d | 5.26 ± 0.38c | 2.40 ± 0.19c | 17.54 ± 1.25ab | 40.77 ± 4.96e | 2.32 ± 0.25cd |
物种 Species | C (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 586.24 ± 47.25b | 16.37 ± 2.71b | 0.63 ± 0.11c | 36.43 ± 1.33b | 941.69 ± 34.37b | 26.12 ± 1.21b |
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 624.66 ± 32.53a | 13.30 ± 4.47c | 0.41 ± 0.08cd | 50.71 ± 3.70a | 1,582.98 ± 92.82a | 32.32 ± 2.08b |
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 581.99 ± 56.14b | 20.42 ± 3.06a | 1.08 ± 0.15ab | 28.88 ± 1.09c | 545 ± 23.32c | 18.97 ± 0.70c |
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 578.50 ± 33.51b | 16.31 ± 2.06b | 1.23 ± 0.27a | 36.04 ± 1.58b | 501.37 ± 39.61c | 13.84 ± 0.77d |
中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 578.49 ± 19.74b | 13.94 ± 2.23bc | 1.33 ± 0.31a | 42.64 ± 2.34ab | 450.20 ± 23.11c | 10.87 ± 0.81d |
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 649.00 ± 51.29a | 21.24 ± 2.54a | 0.48 ± 0.08cd | 31.00 ± 1.31c | 1,397.22 ± 88.93a | 45.10 ± 2.02a |
表3 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地6个常见种凋落物的C、N、P含量及化学计量比(平均值±标准误)
Table 3 Litter fall C, N, P contents and stoichiometry (mean ± SE) of six common tree species of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi
物种 Species | C (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 586.24 ± 47.25b | 16.37 ± 2.71b | 0.63 ± 0.11c | 36.43 ± 1.33b | 941.69 ± 34.37b | 26.12 ± 1.21b |
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 624.66 ± 32.53a | 13.30 ± 4.47c | 0.41 ± 0.08cd | 50.71 ± 3.70a | 1,582.98 ± 92.82a | 32.32 ± 2.08b |
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 581.99 ± 56.14b | 20.42 ± 3.06a | 1.08 ± 0.15ab | 28.88 ± 1.09c | 545 ± 23.32c | 18.97 ± 0.70c |
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 578.50 ± 33.51b | 16.31 ± 2.06b | 1.23 ± 0.27a | 36.04 ± 1.58b | 501.37 ± 39.61c | 13.84 ± 0.77d |
中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 578.49 ± 19.74b | 13.94 ± 2.23bc | 1.33 ± 0.31a | 42.64 ± 2.34ab | 450.20 ± 23.11c | 10.87 ± 0.81d |
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 649.00 ± 51.29a | 21.24 ± 2.54a | 0.48 ± 0.08cd | 31.00 ± 1.31c | 1,397.22 ± 88.93a | 45.10 ± 2.02a |
图2 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地6个常见树种凋落物的C、N、P 含量及化学计量比(平均值±标准误差)。物种编号见表1。
Fig. 2 Litter fall C, N, P contents and stoichiometry (mean ± SE) of six common tree species of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi. The six common tree species are the same as in Table 1.
物种 Species | 季节 Season | C (g/kg) | N (g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 春季 Spring | 631.96 ± 38.12a | 17.63 ± 0.12ab | 0.65 ± 0.06a | 35.83 ± 2.09ab | 984.01 ± 56.99a | 27.63 ± 2.11a |
夏季 Summer | 606.89 ± 8.12ab | 19.40 ± 1.33a | 0.73 ± 0.09a | 31.65 ± 2.66b | 853.47 ± 34.03ab | 27.48 ± 4.53a | |
秋季 Autumn | 546.15 ± 5.891b | 13.75 ± 0.87c | 0.58 ± 0.05ab | 40.00 ± 2.27a | 949.01 ± 76.93a | 23.70 ± 1.20a | |
冬季 Winter | 559.95 ± 11.48b | 14.71 ± 0.87c | 0.57 ± 0.03ab | 38.24 ± 1.64a | 980.29 ± 44.97a | 25.66 ± 0.87a | |
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 春季 Spring | 644.94 ± 35.61a | 13.01 ± 0.87b | 0.43 ± 0.02ab | 50.12 ± 4.18ab | 1,501.64 ± 150.05b | 30.17 ± 2.54b |
夏季 Summer | 636.59 ± 5.45a | 19.48 ± 2.67a | 0.50 ± 0.02a | 33.93 ± 4.57b | 1,284.62 ± 38.53b | 39.70 ± 7.00a | |
秋季 Autumn | 599.37 ± 2.92a | 11.20 ± 0.35b | 0.39 ± 0.02b | 53.64 ± 1.98ab | 1,519.62 ± 84.76b | 28.32 ± 0.96b | |
冬季 Winter | 617.74 ± 3.67a | 9.50 ± 0.32b | 0.31 ± 0.02c | 65.13 ± 1.99a | 2,026.05 ± 101.94a | 31.10 ± 1.13b | |
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 春季 Spring | 621.14 ± 37.60a | 20.91 ± 0.63a | 0.96 ± 0.03b | 29.88 ± 2.78a | 646.18 ± 25.58a | 21.84 ± 1.20a |
夏季 Summer | 604.61 ± 23.11a | 24.87 ± 0.13a | 1.28 ± 0.05a | 24.31 ± 0.99ab | 474.81 ± 34.03b | 19.48 ± 0.64a | |
秋季 Autumn | 568.00 ± 3.49a | 18.62 ± 0.15b | 1.05 ± 0.02b | 30.51 ± 0.34a | 541.27 ± 9.08ab | 17.75 ± 0.49a | |
冬季 Winter | 534.22 ± 39.44ab | 17.29 ± 0.47b | 1.04 ± 0.10b | 30.84 ± 1.72a | 517.75 ± 45.97ab | 16.80 ± 1.15a | |
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 春季 Spring | 612.08 ± 26.03a | 14.98 ± 0.73b | 0.97 ± 0.06b | 41.13 ± 3.21a | 635.44 ± 60.17a | 15.41 ± 0.25a |
夏季 Summer | 556.00 ± 15.59a | 19.44 ± 0.60a | 1.49 ± 0.05a | 28.63 ± 0.75b | 373.98 ± 16.39c | 13.05 ± 0.31a | |
秋季 Autumn | 562.55 ± 3.54a | 15.23 ± 0.48b | 1.22 ± 0.12ab | 37.01 ± 1.35a | 470.92 ± 44.59b | 12.84 ± 1.68a | |
冬季 Winter | 583.38 ± 13.02a | 15.61 ± 0.19b | 1.24 ± 0.23ab | 37.38 ± 0.60a | 525.13 ± 103.88b | 14.06 ± 2.84a | |
中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 春季 Spring | 589.41 ± 9.94a | 14.64 ± 0.69a | 1.39 ± 0.28a | 40.47 ± 2.52b | 405.08 ± 67.98a | 10.15 ± 2.07a |
夏季 Summer | 589.05 ± 7.66a | 15.95 ± 0.47a | 1.55 ± 0.20a | 37.04 ± 1.54b | 440.75 ± 58.67a | 12.07 ± 2.12a | |
秋季 Autumn | 566.74 ± 2.26a | 14.16 ± 0.58a | 1.19 ± 0.10ab | 40.14 ± 1.54b | 484.56 ± 41.07a | 12.09 ± 1.06a | |
冬季 Winter | 568.74 ± 17.89a | 11.01 ± 1.22b | 1.21 ± 0.04ab | 52.90 ± 5.95a | 470.40 ± 11.80a | 9.15 ± 1.15a | |
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 春季 Spring | 704.78 ± 13.80a | 21.20 ± 0.48a | 0.42 ± 0.06b | 33.31 ± 1.38a | 1,723.53 ± 216.60a | 51.83 ± 6.35a |
夏季 Summer | 614.27 ± 47.98b | 24.84 ± 0.59a | 0.57 ± 0.02a | 24.79 ± 2.17ab | 1,074.73 ± 58.67b | 43.66 ± 1.75ab | |
秋季 Autumn | 637.85 ± 4.48ab | 19.08 ± 0.54a | 0.44 ± 0.03b | 33.48 ± 1.09a | 1,476.42 ± 108.41ab | 43.97 ± 1.86ab | |
冬季 Winter | 639.11 ± 6.37ab | 19.84 ± 1.08a | 0.49 ± 0.01ab | 32.42 ± 2.01a | 1,314.19 ± 19.96ab | 40.92 ± 3.12ab |
表4 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地不同季节6个常见种的凋落物C、N、P含量及化学计量比(平均值±标准误)
Table 4 Litter fall C, N, P contents and stoichiometry (mean ± SE) of six common tree species in different seasons of the 15 ha forest dynamics plot in Nonggang, Guangxi
物种 Species | 季节 Season | C (g/kg) | N (g/kg) | P (g/kg) | C : N | C : P | N : P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma | 春季 Spring | 631.96 ± 38.12a | 17.63 ± 0.12ab | 0.65 ± 0.06a | 35.83 ± 2.09ab | 984.01 ± 56.99a | 27.63 ± 2.11a |
夏季 Summer | 606.89 ± 8.12ab | 19.40 ± 1.33a | 0.73 ± 0.09a | 31.65 ± 2.66b | 853.47 ± 34.03ab | 27.48 ± 4.53a | |
秋季 Autumn | 546.15 ± 5.891b | 13.75 ± 0.87c | 0.58 ± 0.05ab | 40.00 ± 2.27a | 949.01 ± 76.93a | 23.70 ± 1.20a | |
冬季 Winter | 559.95 ± 11.48b | 14.71 ± 0.87c | 0.57 ± 0.03ab | 38.24 ± 1.64a | 980.29 ± 44.97a | 25.66 ± 0.87a | |
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus | 春季 Spring | 644.94 ± 35.61a | 13.01 ± 0.87b | 0.43 ± 0.02ab | 50.12 ± 4.18ab | 1,501.64 ± 150.05b | 30.17 ± 2.54b |
夏季 Summer | 636.59 ± 5.45a | 19.48 ± 2.67a | 0.50 ± 0.02a | 33.93 ± 4.57b | 1,284.62 ± 38.53b | 39.70 ± 7.00a | |
秋季 Autumn | 599.37 ± 2.92a | 11.20 ± 0.35b | 0.39 ± 0.02b | 53.64 ± 1.98ab | 1,519.62 ± 84.76b | 28.32 ± 0.96b | |
冬季 Winter | 617.74 ± 3.67a | 9.50 ± 0.32b | 0.31 ± 0.02c | 65.13 ± 1.99a | 2,026.05 ± 101.94a | 31.10 ± 1.13b | |
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensia | 春季 Spring | 621.14 ± 37.60a | 20.91 ± 0.63a | 0.96 ± 0.03b | 29.88 ± 2.78a | 646.18 ± 25.58a | 21.84 ± 1.20a |
夏季 Summer | 604.61 ± 23.11a | 24.87 ± 0.13a | 1.28 ± 0.05a | 24.31 ± 0.99ab | 474.81 ± 34.03b | 19.48 ± 0.64a | |
秋季 Autumn | 568.00 ± 3.49a | 18.62 ± 0.15b | 1.05 ± 0.02b | 30.51 ± 0.34a | 541.27 ± 9.08ab | 17.75 ± 0.49a | |
冬季 Winter | 534.22 ± 39.44ab | 17.29 ± 0.47b | 1.04 ± 0.10b | 30.84 ± 1.72a | 517.75 ± 45.97ab | 16.80 ± 1.15a | |
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma | 春季 Spring | 612.08 ± 26.03a | 14.98 ± 0.73b | 0.97 ± 0.06b | 41.13 ± 3.21a | 635.44 ± 60.17a | 15.41 ± 0.25a |
夏季 Summer | 556.00 ± 15.59a | 19.44 ± 0.60a | 1.49 ± 0.05a | 28.63 ± 0.75b | 373.98 ± 16.39c | 13.05 ± 0.31a | |
秋季 Autumn | 562.55 ± 3.54a | 15.23 ± 0.48b | 1.22 ± 0.12ab | 37.01 ± 1.35a | 470.92 ± 44.59b | 12.84 ± 1.68a | |
冬季 Winter | 583.38 ± 13.02a | 15.61 ± 0.19b | 1.24 ± 0.23ab | 37.38 ± 0.60a | 525.13 ± 103.88b | 14.06 ± 2.84a | |
中国无忧花 Saraca dives | 春季 Spring | 589.41 ± 9.94a | 14.64 ± 0.69a | 1.39 ± 0.28a | 40.47 ± 2.52b | 405.08 ± 67.98a | 10.15 ± 2.07a |
夏季 Summer | 589.05 ± 7.66a | 15.95 ± 0.47a | 1.55 ± 0.20a | 37.04 ± 1.54b | 440.75 ± 58.67a | 12.07 ± 2.12a | |
秋季 Autumn | 566.74 ± 2.26a | 14.16 ± 0.58a | 1.19 ± 0.10ab | 40.14 ± 1.54b | 484.56 ± 41.07a | 12.09 ± 1.06a | |
冬季 Winter | 568.74 ± 17.89a | 11.01 ± 1.22b | 1.21 ± 0.04ab | 52.90 ± 5.95a | 470.40 ± 11.80a | 9.15 ± 1.15a | |
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis | 春季 Spring | 704.78 ± 13.80a | 21.20 ± 0.48a | 0.42 ± 0.06b | 33.31 ± 1.38a | 1,723.53 ± 216.60a | 51.83 ± 6.35a |
夏季 Summer | 614.27 ± 47.98b | 24.84 ± 0.59a | 0.57 ± 0.02a | 24.79 ± 2.17ab | 1,074.73 ± 58.67b | 43.66 ± 1.75ab | |
秋季 Autumn | 637.85 ± 4.48ab | 19.08 ± 0.54a | 0.44 ± 0.03b | 33.48 ± 1.09a | 1,476.42 ± 108.41ab | 43.97 ± 1.86ab | |
冬季 Winter | 639.11 ± 6.37ab | 19.84 ± 1.08a | 0.49 ± 0.01ab | 32.42 ± 2.01a | 1,314.19 ± 19.96ab | 40.92 ± 3.12ab |
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