地形因子对亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林木本植物萌生特征的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024282

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024282 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024282

地形因子对亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林木本植物萌生特征的影响

陈明苗¹, 张楚然²^,³, 邓云²^,⁴, 李生发⁵, 李逢昌⁵, 唐志忠⁵, 魏兆喆¹, 张彩彩¹^,^*()(), 林露湘²^,⁴^,^*()()

1.大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院, 云南大理 671003
2.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
3.云南大学生态与环境学院西南跨境生态安全教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650091
4.云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南勐腊 666303
5.大理市余金庵国有林场, 云南大理 671009

收稿日期:2024-07-01 接受日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-10
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhangcc@eastern-himalaya.cn; linluxa@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
云南省基础研究专项重大项目(202101BC070002);云南省重点研发计划(202303AC100009);国家自然科学基金-云南联合基金(U1902203);东南亚生物多样性研究中心(151C53KYSB20200019);云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目(202205AM070005);国家自然科学基金(32160268)

Effect of topographic factors on sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests

Mingmiao Chen¹, Churan Zhang²^,³, Yun Deng²^,⁴, Shengfa Li⁵, Fengchang Li⁵, Zhizhong Tang⁵, Zhaozhe Wei¹, Caicai Zhang¹^,^*()(), Luxiang Lin²^,⁴^,^*()()

1. Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China
2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Scicences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
3. Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
4. National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
5. Yujin’an State-owned Forest Farm, Dali, Yunnan 671009, China

Received:2024-07-01 Accepted:2024-10-11 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-10
Contact: *E-mail: zhangcc@eastern-himalaya.cn; linluxa@xtbg.ac.cn
Supported by:
Basic Research Special Project of Yunnan Province(202101BC070002);Key Research and Development Plan of Yunnan Province(202303AC100009);Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Province(U1902203);Southeast Asian Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences(151C53KYSB20200019);Project for Talent and Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202205AM070005);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160268)

1. 附录.pdf(444KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 萌生更新是森林更新的主要策略之一, 在个体存活、种群延续及群落生物多样性维持中起着关键作用。本研究基于云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地的木本植物调查数据, 分析了胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm的木本植物在物种和群落水平上萌生能力(萌生率、萌茎率、基部萌生率和基部萌茎率)的差异, 并探讨了萌生能力与地形因子之间的关系。结果表明: (1)样地内共有63种木本植物存在萌生现象, 占总物种数的68.5%, 其中58种发生基部萌生, 占总物种数的64.1%。萌生和基部萌生的个体数分别为9,668株和6,778株, 分别占总个体数的22.0%和15.4%。(2)乔木层植物的萌生率最高, 其次为亚乔木层, 灌木层最低; 乔木层和亚乔木层植物的萌茎率和基部萌生率显著高于灌木层; 而亚乔木层植物的基部萌茎率显著高于乔木层和灌木层。常绿植物的4个萌生指标均显著高于落叶植物。(3)乔木层植物的基部萌生率和基部萌茎率与海拔显著正相关; 亚乔木层植物的萌生率与凹凸度显著正相关, 萌茎率与坡度和凹凸度显著正相关, 而灌木层植物的萌生能力与4个地形因子无显著关联。常绿植物的萌生能力仅与凹凸度相关, 而落叶植物的萌生能力则受海拔和坡度的影响。总之, 鸡足山样地的萌生更新现象较为普遍, 主要受海拔和坡度等地形因素的影响。此外, 森林不同垂直层植物的萌生更新受地形因子的调控存在差异, 落叶植物较常绿植物更易受地形因子的影响。因此, 在研究环境对植物萌生更新的影响时, 需结合不同功能群的差异, 以更深入地理解萌生更新策略及其潜在生态学机制。

关键词: 森林更新, 萌生植物, 地形因子, 半湿润常绿阔叶林, 萌生率, 萌茎率

Abstract

Aims: Sprouting regeneration is a key mode in forest renewal, playing a crucial role in individual survival, population continuity, and maintaining biodiversity within plant communities. However, evidence is limited regarding whether sprouting characteristics significantly vary across different functional plant groups in response to topographic factors. This study aimed to explore the sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, analyze their responses to topographic factors, and enhance understanding of forest regeneration processes.

Methods: We conducted the study in a 20-ha forest dynamics plot in the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest of the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. We first calculated sprouting metrics for woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm, including the sprouting ratio, sprouting stem ratio, basal sprouting ratio, and basal sprouting stem ratio at both the species and community levels. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to analyze differences in sprouting ability among functional groups. Finally, we used linear mixed models to examine the correlation between sprouting ability and topography factors.

Results: (1) Out of 63 woody plant species observed, 68.5% exhibited sprouting behavior, with 64.1% showing basal sprouting. A total of 9,668 individuals sprouted, with 6,778 exhibiting basal sprouting, representing 22.0% and 15.4% of the total plant individuals, respectively. (2) Plants in the tree layer had the highest sprouting ratio, followed by the sub-tree layer. The sprouting stem ratio and basal sprouting ratio was significantly higher in the tree and sub-tree layer, while the shrub layer had the lowest. The basal sprouting stem ratio were significantly higher in the sub-tree layer compared to the shrub layers. Evergreen species displayed significantly higher sprouting indicators than deciduous species. (3) In the tree layer, the basal sprouting ratio and basal sprouting stems ratio were positively correlated with elevation. In the sub-tree layer, the sprouting ratio was significantly correlated with convexity, while the sprouting stem ratio was significantly correlated with convexity and slope. No significant correlation was found between topographic factors and sprouting ability of shrub layer, and the sprouting ability of evergreen species was primarily influenced by convexity, while deciduous species were more influenced by elevation and slope.

Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that sprouting regeneration is prevalent among woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests and is largely affected by topographic factors. In addition, plant sprouting at different forest layers is regulated by various topographic factors, with deciduous plants being more susceptible to these influences compared to evergreen plants. Therefore, when examining environmental effects on plant sprouting regeneration, it is necessary to consider the variations among functional groups to better understand sprouting regeneration strategies and the ecological mechanisms behind them.

Key words: forest regeneration, sprouting plants, topographic factor, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, sprouting ratio, sprouting stem ratio

陈明苗, 张楚然, 邓云, 李生发, 李逢昌, 唐志忠, 魏兆喆, 张彩彩, 林露湘 (2024) 地形因子对亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林木本植物萌生特征的影响. 生物多样性, 32, 24282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024282.

Mingmiao Chen, Churan Zhang, Yun Deng, Shengfa Li, Fengchang Li, Zhizhong Tang, Zhaozhe Wei, Caicai Zhang, Luxiang Lin (2024) Effect of topographic factors on sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024282.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024282

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/24282

图/表 6

表1 云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地木本植物萌生特征统计

Table 1 Sprouting characteristics of woody plant in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

萌生指标 Sprouting indicators	种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus
总物种数 Total species number	92	31	57
萌生/基部萌生物种数 Sprouting/basal sprouting species number	63/58	21/19	38/35
物种萌生率/物种基部萌生率 Sprouting ratio of species/basal sprouting ratio of species (%)	68.5/64.1	63.6/57.6	69.0/63.6
总个体数 Number of individuals	44,015	-	-
萌生/基部萌生个体数 Number of sprouting/basal sprouting individuals	9,668/6,778	-	-
萌生/基部萌生个体占比 Proportion of sprouting/basal sprouting individuals (%)	22.0/15.4	-	-
萌生/基部萌生率中值 Median of sprouting/basal sprouting ratio (%)	17.3/17.1	11.7/11.2	21.4/12.0
萌茎率/基部萌茎率 Sprouting stems ratio/basal sprouting stems ratio (%)	36.1/22.9	-	-
萌茎率中值/基部萌茎率中值 Median of sprouting/basal sprouting stems ratio (%)	34.2/22.9	29.1/17.8	30.0/17.8

图1 云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地萌生植株萌茎数频次和每个20 m × 20 m样方的萌茎数

Fig. 1 Frequency of sprouting stems and total number of sprouting stems per 20 m × 20 m plot were monitored in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

表2 云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地重要值排名前10位物种的萌生指标

Table 2 Sprouting indictors of the top 10 species with importance value in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

物种 Species	重要值 Importance value (%)	萌生率 Sprouting ratio (%)	萌茎率 Sprouting stems ratio (%)	基部萌生率 Basal sprouting ratio (%)	基部萌茎率 Basal sprouting stems ratio (%)
银木荷 Schima argentea	22.09	15.73	22.95	10.61	14.47
白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	17.72	23.73	32.12	17.54	22.65
响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	5.56	4.66	5.10	3.24	3.48
尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	5.53	10.66	12.21	4.07	4.65
五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	4.33	35.50	67.07	22.62	35.37
元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	3.21	31.11	47.96	23.51	32.88
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	3.17	16.03	21.15	12.03	15.10
云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	3.16	23.59	37.38	18.94	28.54
云南越橘 Vaccinium duclouxii	3.05	53.73	110.75	42.66	80.13
紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	2.69	31.89	57.16	21.77	33.16

图2 云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地不同垂直层次植物(a)和不同叶习性植物(b)的萌生能力(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一萌生指标在不同垂直层次和不同叶习性间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Sprouting ability of plants at different vertical levels (a) and different leaf habits (b) in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in vertical levels and leaf habits for the same sprouting index (P < 0.05).

图3 地形因子对云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地不同垂直层次植物萌生能力的影响。* P < 0.05。横坐标代表地形因子对植物萌生能力影响的标准化系数。实心点和水平直线分别表示标准化系数的中值和95%的置信区间。

Fig. 3 Effect of topographic factors on plant sprouting ability at different vertical levels in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. * P < 0.05. The horizontal axis represents the standardized coefficients of the impact of topography factors on the sprouting ability of plants. Solid points and bar lines indicate the medians and 95% confidence intervals of coefficients, respectively.

图4 地形因子对云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地不同叶习性植物萌生能力的影响。* P < 0.05。横坐标代表地形因子对植物萌生能力影响的标准化系数。实心点和水平直线分别表示标准化系数的中值和95%的置信区间。

Fig. 4 Effect of topography factors on plants sprouting ability at different leaf habits in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. * P < 0.05. The horizontal axis represents the standardized coefficients of the impact of topography factors on the sprouting ability of plants. Solid points and bar lines indicate the medians and 95% confidence intervals of coefficients, respectively.

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地形因子对亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林木本植物萌生特征的影响

Effect of topographic factors on sprouting characteristics of woody plants in subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests

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