云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地木本植物生境关联与群落数量分类

doi:10.17520/biods.2023393

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23393. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023393

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地木本植物生境关联与群落数量分类

张楚然¹^,², 李生发³, 李逢昌³, 唐志忠³, 刘辉燕³, 王丽红³, 顾荣², 邓云²^,⁴^,^*(), 张志明¹^,⁵, 林露湘²^,⁴

1.云南大学生态与环境学院西南跨境生态安全教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650091
2.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
3.大理市余金庵国有林场, 云南大理 671009
4.云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南勐腊 666303
5.云南大学生态与环境学院暨云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室, 昆明 650091

收稿日期:2023-10-18 接受日期:2023-11-30 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-22
通讯作者: *E-mail: dy@xtbg.org.cn
基金资助:
云南省基础研究专项重大项目(202101BC070002);云南省重点研发计划(202303AC100009);NSFC-云南联合基金(U1902203);东南亚生物多样性研究中心(151C53KYSB20200019);云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目(202205AM070005)

Habitat association and community classification of woody plants in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

Churan Zhang¹^,², Shengfa Li³, Fengchang Li³, Zhizhong Tang³, Huiyan Liu³, Lihong Wang³, Rong Gu², Yun Deng²^,⁴^,^*(), Zhiming Zhang¹^,⁵, Luxiang Lin²^,⁴

1 Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Scicences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
3 Yujin’an State-owned Forest Farm, Dali, Yunnan 671009
4 National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
5 School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091

Received:2023-10-18 Accepted:2023-11-30 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-22
Contact: *E-mail: dy@xtbg.org.cn

1. 附录.pdf(411KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林是中国西部中亚热带地区的地带性植被, 大理鸡足山是其连续分布面积最大的区域之一。本研究以云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地为研究对象, 分析了木本植物分布与生境的关联性, 并对其进行群落数量分类。结果表明: 该样地中共有43,424个DBH ≥ 1 cm的独立生长的木本植物个体, 分属31科57属92种。科的区系成分以热带为主, 占67.7%; 属的区系成分以温带为主, 占50.9%; 种的区系成分以中国特有种为主, 占42.4%。物种-生境关联分析的结果表明, 在52个目标物种中, 有44个物种至少与一种生境具有显著正关联, 有35个物种至少与一种生境具有显著负关联, 说明生境过滤在该样地的木本植物分布中具有重要作用。低海拔山谷是具有显著关联物种最多的生境, 反映了该生境对物种具有强烈的过滤作用。该样地的群落分类主要受凹凸度和海拔这两个地形因素的影响, 可分为3个群丛: (1)紫药女贞+五柱滇山茶-白柯+银木荷群丛(Ligustrum delavayanum+Camellia yunnanensis-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argentea Association); (2)珍珠花+美丽马醉木-银木荷+白柯群丛(Lyonia ovalifolia+Pieris Formosa-Schima argentea+Lithocarpus dealbatus Association); (3)云南金叶子+云南越桔-白柯+银木荷群丛(Craibiodendron yunnanense+Vaccinium duclouxii-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argentea Association)。本研究可为进一步开展亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林的群落构建与物种共存研究提供科学基础。

关键词: 植物区系组成, 生境关联, 多元回归树, 群落分类, 亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林, 鸡足山

Abstract

Aims: In western China, the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dali is one of zonal vegetation areas, with the largest continuous distribution in the Jizu Mountains. This study surveys the species composition, habitat association, and community types within a 20 ha forest dynamics plot, in order to lay a scientific foundation for the study of community assembly mechanisms and species coexistence within the subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests, and to provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in this kind of vegetational zone.

Methods: In 2021-2022, applying the protocol set forth by CTFS-ForestGEO, we established a 20 ha subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in the Yujin’an State-owned Forest Farm in Dali, Yunnan Province. In this plot, all free-standing woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm were tagged, measured, and identified at the species level. Using the collected data, we analyzed floristic composition, community classification via a multivariate regression tree, and habitat association based on the spatial point pattern method.

Results: In the allotted zone, there were 43,424 individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm, spanning 31 families with 57 genera and specific 92 species. The areal-type of families were predominantly tropical, which accounted for 67.7% of families; the areal-type of genera were predominantly temperate, which accounted for 50.9% of genera; and the areal-type of species were predominantly endemic (to China), which accounted for 42.4% of species. Among 52 targeted species, 44 had significant positive associations with at least one habitat and 35 had significant negative associations with at least one habitat. The habitat type with the largest amount of species significantly associated was low-altitude valleys. Within the forest dynamics plot, the community type was mainly affected by convexity and altitude, and could be divided into three associations: (1) Ligustrum delavayanum+Camellia yunnanensis-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argenteaAssociation; (2) Lyonia ovalifolia+Pieris Formosa-Schima argentea+Lithocarpus dealbatusAssociation; (3) Craibiodendron yunnanense+Vaccinium duclouxii-Lithocarpus dealbatus+Schima argenteaAssociation.

Conclusion: Semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is the representative vegetation of the plot, which is the horizontal zonal vegetation within the subtropical zone in western China. The vast majority of species in the plot have significant association with habitat, which suggests that habitat filtering plays an important role in the distribution of woody plants in this area. Topography dominates the classification of community types.

Key words: floristic composition, habitat association, multivariate regression tree, community classification, subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, Jizhu Mountains

张楚然, 李生发, 李逢昌, 唐志忠, 刘辉燕, 王丽红, 顾荣, 邓云, 张志明, 林露湘 (2024) 云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地木本植物生境关联与群落数量分类. 生物多样性, 32, 23393. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023393.

Churan Zhang, Shengfa Li, Fengchang Li, Zhizhong Tang, Huiyan Liu, Lihong Wang, Rong Gu, Yun Deng, Zhiming Zhang, Luxiang Lin (2024) Habitat association and community classification of woody plants in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23393. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023393.

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图/表 9

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序号 Rank	物种 Species	个体数 Individual no.	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	银木荷 Schima argentea	13,313	30.66	28.86	29.76
2	白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	4,970	11.45	36.29	23.87
3	尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	516	1.19	10.87	6.03
4	响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	2,958	6.81	4.13	5.47
5	五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	3,148	7.25	0.76	4.00
6	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	736	1.69	4.66	3.18
7	厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	1,952	4.50	1.08	2.79
8	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	1,852	4.26	0.92	2.59
9	云南金叶子 Craibiodendron yunnanense	1,401	3.23	1.09	2.16
10	云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	1,571	3.62	0.44	2.03
11	紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	1,569	3.61	0.21	1.91
12	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	248	0.57	3.24	1.91
13	蓝黑果荚蒾 Viburnum atrocyaneum	1,334	3.07	0.33	1.70
14	白碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum var. album	1,295	2.98	0.10	1.54
15	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	974	2.24	0.61	1.43
16	头状四照花 Cornus capitata	300	0.69	1.85	1.27
17	锥序荚蒾 Viburnum pyramidatum	524	1.21	0.75	0.98
18	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	749	1.72	0.13	0.93
19	江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	558	1.28	0.33	0.81
20	石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	253	0.58	0.70	0.64
总计 Total		40,221	92.62	97.33	94.98

序号 Rank	物种 Species	个体数 Individual no.	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)	相对胸高断面积 Relative basal area (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	银木荷 Schima argentea	13,313	30.66	28.86	29.76
2	白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	4,970	11.45	36.29	23.87
3	尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	516	1.19	10.87	6.03
4	响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	2,958	6.81	4.13	5.47
5	五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	3,148	7.25	0.76	4.00
6	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	736	1.69	4.66	3.18
7	厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	1,952	4.50	1.08	2.79
8	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	1,852	4.26	0.92	2.59
9	云南金叶子 Craibiodendron yunnanense	1,401	3.23	1.09	2.16
10	云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	1,571	3.62	0.44	2.03
11	紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	1,569	3.61	0.21	1.91
12	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	248	0.57	3.24	1.91
13	蓝黑果荚蒾 Viburnum atrocyaneum	1,334	3.07	0.33	1.70
14	白碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum var. album	1,295	2.98	0.10	1.54
15	山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	974	2.24	0.61	1.43
16	头状四照花 Cornus capitata	300	0.69	1.85	1.27
17	锥序荚蒾 Viburnum pyramidatum	524	1.21	0.75	0.98
18	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	749	1.72	0.13	0.93
19	江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	558	1.28	0.33	0.81
20	石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	253	0.58	0.70	0.64
总计 Total		40,221	92.62	97.33	94.98

序号 Rank	科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	相对多样性 Relative diversity (%)	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对优势度 Relative dominance (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	山茶科 Theaceae	4	5	5.38	47.74	31.26	28.13
2	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4	10	10.75	13.70	41.99	22.15
3	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	5	14	15.05	14.81	3.14	11.00
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	8	12	12.90	1.46	1.13	5.17
5	桦木科 Betulaceae	1	1	1.08	1.19	10.87	4.38
6	杨柳科 Salicaceae	2	2	2.15	6.81	4.14	4.37
7	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	2	5	5.38	4.74	1.11	3.74
8	樟科 Lauraceae	3	4	4.30	2.80	0.68	2.59
9	木樨科 Oleaceae	2	3	3.23	3.65	0.22	2.37
10	松科 Pinaceae	1	2	2.15	0.91	3.47	2.18
总计 Total		32	58	62.37	97.82	98.00	86.08

序号 Rank	科名 Family	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	相对多样性 Relative diversity (%)	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对优势度 Relative dominance (%)	重要值 Importance value
1	山茶科 Theaceae	4	5	5.38	47.74	31.26	28.13
2	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4	10	10.75	13.70	41.99	22.15
3	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	5	14	15.05	14.81	3.14	11.00
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	8	12	12.90	1.46	1.13	5.17
5	桦木科 Betulaceae	1	1	1.08	1.19	10.87	4.38
6	杨柳科 Salicaceae	2	2	2.15	6.81	4.14	4.37
7	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	2	5	5.38	4.74	1.11	3.74
8	樟科 Lauraceae	3	4	4.30	2.80	0.68	2.59
9	木樨科 Oleaceae	2	3	3.23	3.65	0.22	2.37
10	松科 Pinaceae	1	2	2.15	0.91	3.47	2.18
总计 Total		32	58	62.37	97.82	98.00	86.08

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal-types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species
1	世界广布 Widespread	9 (29.0%)	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.1%)
2	泛热带(热带广布) Pan Tropical	7 (22.6%)	4 (7.0%)	5 (5.4%)
	2-1 热带亚洲-大洋洲和热带美洲 Tropical Asia-Australasia & Tropical America	1 (3.1%)	2 (3.5%)	2 (2.2%)
	2-2 热带亚洲-热带非洲-热带美洲 Tropical Asia-Tropical Africa-Tropical America	1 (3.1%)	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
3	东亚(热带、亚热带)及南美间断 East Asia (Tropical & SubTropical) & Tropical South America disjuncted	3 (9.7%)	3 (5.3%)	3 (3.3%)
4	旧世界热带 Old World Tropical	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	4-1 热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断分布 Tropical Asia, Tropical Africa & Tropical Australasia disjuncted	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	-	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.1%)
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	-	-	-
7	热带亚洲(即热带东南亚至印度-马来, 太平洋诸岛) Tropical Asia (Tropical Southeastern Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Island)	-	4 (7.0%)	2 (2.2%)
	7-1 爪哇(或苏门答腊)、喜马拉雅间断或星散分布到我国西南、华南 Java or Sumatra, Himalaya to South & Southwest of China	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	7-3 缅甸、泰国至我国西南分布 Myanmar, Thailand to Southwest of China	-	1 (1.8%)	1 (1.1%)
	热带成分(2-7)小计 Tropical elements (2-7) subtotal	21 (67.7%)	22 (38.6%)	19 (20.7%)
8	北温带广布 North Temperate	2 (6.5%)	12 (21.0%)	8 (8.7%)
	8-4 北温带和南温带间断分布 North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted	6 (19.4%)	8 (14.0%)	3 (3.3%)
	8-5 欧亚和南美洲间断分布 Eurasia & Temperate South America disjuncted	1 (3.1%)	1 (1.8%)	-
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	-	7 (12.3%)	2 (2.2%)
10	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	1 (1.8%)	-
11	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-	-
	温带成分小计(8-11) Temperate elements (8-11) subtotal	9 (29.0%)	29 (50.9%)	26 (28.3%)
12	东亚 East Asia	1 (3.1%)	2 (3.5%)	4 (4.4%)
	14SH 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	-	2 (3.5%)	14 (15.2%)
	14SJ 中国-日本 Sino-Japan	-	1 (1.8%)	3 (3.3%)
13	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	1 (1.8%)	39 (42.4%)
	总计 Total	100%	100%	100%

云南鸡足山亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林20 ha动态监测样地木本植物生境关联与群落数量分类

Habitat association and community classification of woody plants in the 20 ha forest dynamics plot of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains, Yunnan

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生境类型 Habitat types	显著正关联物种数 No. of significant positive association species (%)	显著负关联物种数 No. of significant negative association species (%)	显著正/负生境关联的总物种数 Total no. of significant positive/ negative association species (%)
高海拔山脊 High-altitude ridge	10 (19.2%)	15 (28.9%)	25 (48.1%)
高海拔山坡 High-altitude slope	8 (15.4%)	17 (32.7%)	25 (48.1%)
高海拔山谷 High-altitude valley	9 (17.3%)	16 (30.8%)	24 (46.2%)
低海拔山脊 Low-altitude ridge	11 (21.2%)	12 (23.1%)	23 (44.2%)
低海拔山坡 Low-altitude slope	12 (23.1%)	11 (21.2%)	23 (44.2%)
低海拔山谷 Low-altitude valley	16 (30.8%)	11 (21.2%)	27 (51.9%)
总计 Total	44 (84.6%)	35 (67.3%)	45 (86.5%)

物种名 Species	高海拔山脊 High-altitude ridge	高海拔山坡 High-altitude slope	高海拔山谷 High-altitude valley	低海拔山脊 Low-altitude ridge	低海拔山坡 Low-altitude slope	低海拔山谷 Low-altitude valley
白柯 Lithocarpus dealbatus	+	+	+	-	-	-
白碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum var. album	-	-	-	+	+	n.s.
刺叶高山栎 Quercus spinosa	-	-	n.s.	n.s.	-	+
粗梗稠李 Prunus napaulensis	-	n.s.	+	-	-	n.s.
大白杜鹃 Rhododendron decorum	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
大叶越桔 Vaccinium petelotii	n.s.	n.s.	-	n.s.	+	n.s.
多依 Docynia indica	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
高盆樱桃 Prunus cerasoides	n.s.	-	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
瓜馥木 Fissistigma oldhamii	-	-	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
光亮山矾 Symplocos lucida	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
猴面柯 Lithocarpus balansae	n.s.	-	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	n.s.	-	-	n.s.	+	-
槲树 Quercus dentata	n.s.	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
花椒簕 Zanthoxylum scandens	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
华山松 Pinus armandii	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	-
江南越桔 Vaccinium mandarinorum	-	-	-	n.s.	+	+
蓝黑果荚蒾 Viburnum atrocyaneum	-	-	-	+	-	+
雷公藤 Tripterygium wilfordii	-	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
柳叶润楠 Machilus salicina	n.s.	n.s.	+	n.s.	-	n.s.
马缨杜鹃 Rhododendron delavayi	n.s.	+	n.s.	+	n.s.	-
猫儿刺 Ilex pernyi	n.s.	n.s.	+	-	n.s.	n.s.
毛葡萄 Vitis heyneana	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	-	n.s.	+
毛瑞香 Daphne kiusiana var. atrocaulis	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
美丽马醉木 Pieris formosa	n.s.	+	-	-	-	-
南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	+	n.s.	-	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
尼泊尔桤木 Alnus nepalensis	+	+	n.s.	+	-	-
拟蚬壳花椒 Zanthoxylum laetum	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	-	-	n.s.	n.s.	+	+
软条七蔷薇 Rosa henryi	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	+	-	n.s.	-	+	n.s.
珊瑚树 Viburnum odoratissimum	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+	n.s.	-
鼠李叶花楸 Sorbus rhamnoides	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
水红木 Viburnum cylindricum	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	+	n.s.	n.s.
头状四照花 Cornus capitata	-	-	+	-	-	+
尾叶樟 Camphora foveolata	n.s.	n.s.	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
五柱滇山茶 Camellia yunnanensis	-	-	+	-	-	+
响叶杨 Populus adenopoda	-	-	-	-	-	+
野花椒 Zanthoxylum simulans	n.s.	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
异叶梁王茶 Metapanax davidii	-	n.s.	+	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
银木荷 Schima argentea	+	+	-	+	+	-
元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	+	n.s.	-	n.s.	+	n.s.
云南凹脉柃 Eurya cavinervis	-	n.s.	+	-	+	n.s.
云南杜鹃 Rhododendron yunnanense	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
云南金叶子 Craibiodendron yunnanense	+	-	-	+	n.s.	-
云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	n.s.	n.s.	-	+	n.s.	-
云南小檗 Berberis yunnanensis	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	-	-	-	+	+	n.s.
云南樟 Camphora glandulifera	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
珍珠花 Lyonia ovalifolia	n.s.	+	-	+	-	-
锥序荚蒾 Viburnum pyramidatum	-	-	-	-	+	+
紫药女贞 Ligustrum delavayanum	-	-	-	-	-	+

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