丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性

doi:10.17520/biods.2017255

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 14-26. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017255

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性

倪娟平^1,², 程赛赛^1,², 高梅香^1,^2,^*(), 卢廷玉^1,², 金光泽³

1 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025
2 黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150025
3 东北林业大学生态研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2017-09-25 接受日期:2018-01-15 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 高梅香
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41471037, 41371072, 41430857)、黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划(UNPYSCT-2015054)和哈尔滨师范大学优秀青年基金(XKYQ201401)

Spatial heterogeneities of ground-dwelling Coleoptera adults and their spatial correlations with environmental factors in a typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Nature Reserve

Juanping Ni^1,², Saisai Cheng^1,², Meixiang Gao^1,^2,^*(), Tingyu Lu^1,², Guangze Jin³

1 College of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025
2 Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025
3 Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040

Received:2017-09-25 Accepted:2018-01-15 Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Gao Meixiang
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤动物群落空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间作用关系, 是揭示土壤生态系统格局与过程及生物多样性维持机制的重要基础。作者于2015年生长季节(8月)、寒冷季节(10月)在丰林典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地内, 采用陷阱法调查地表鞘翅目成虫群落, 基于地统计空间分析方法, 揭示步甲科和隐翅虫科群落个体数和物种数及优势种的空间格局, 并分析这些空间格局与土壤含水量和地形因子的空间关联性。两次采样共捕获步甲科成虫26种617只, 隐翅虫科19种222只。8月群落个体数和物种数表现为中等变异, 10月为强变异, 群落组成在两个月间具有显著差异。生长季节(8月)和寒冷季节(10月)步甲科和隐翅虫科群落多表现为中等的空间自相关性, 空间分异由随机性因素和结构性因素共同决定。单个物种的个体数多具有中等的空间异质性特征, 且其空间分异主要由随机性因素和结构性因素共同调控。生长季节群落的个体数、物种数和优势种个体数多形成斑块和孔隙镶嵌分布的空间格局。物种之间及物种与环境因子之间多为复杂的空间关联性, 这些关联性主要受到结构性因素或随机性因素的单一调控。典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis, CCA)结果表明, 8月土壤含水量对步甲科和隐翅虫科物种分布影响显著, 10月凹凸度对步甲科分布影响显著, 海拔对隐翅虫科分布具有显著影响。本研究表明地表步甲科和隐翅虫科在生长季节形成明显的空间格局而在寒冷季节空间格局不明显, 为不同尺度地表土壤动物空间异质性和生物多样性维持机制研究提供了理论基础。

关键词: 步甲科, 隐翅虫科, 地形因子, 空间异质性, 空间关联性, 阔叶红松林

Abstract

Spatial heterogeneities of soil animal communities and their associations with environmental factors are important for revealing the patterns and processes of soil ecosystems and maintenance mechanisms of soil biodiversity. This experiment was conducted in a typical mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest plot in the Fenglin Nature Reserve in August and October of 2015. Geostatistics was used to reveal the spatial patterns of species number and individuals of ground-dwelling Carabidae and Staphylinidae adult communities and dominant species, and to explain the associations between these spatial patterns and soil water content and topographic variables. In total, 26 and 19 species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles were caught and 617 and 222 individuals were collected, respectively. Variabilities in individuals and species numbers of communities were moderate in August and strong in October. Community compositions were significantly different between the two months. Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities showed moderate spatial autocorrelations in both growing (August) and relatively cold (October) seasons. Spatial heterogeneities of the Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities were determined by both random and structural factors. However, most species individuals exhibited significant spatial heterogeneities and these heterogeneities were controlled by structural factors. Individuals and species number of communities and dominant species individuals formed mosaic patterns with patches and gaps. Spatial associations between individuals and species numbers of communities and dominant species individuals with environmental factors were complex. Spatial associations were mainly controlled by structural or random factors. CCA analysis showed that soil water content in August had a significant effect on the species distribution of Carabidae and Staphylinidae adults in August. In October, the convexity had a significant impact on the distribution of Carabidae adults, and altitude was significantly related to the distribution of Staphylinidae adults. This experiment suggests that the spatial heterogeneities of Carabidae and Staphylinidae adults were obvious in the growing season, but not obvious in the relatively cold season. The results of this study will help us to understand the spatial variation and biodiversity maintenance mechanisms of soil animal communities at multiple scales.

Key words: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, topographic factors, spatial heterogeneity, spatial association, mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest

倪娟平, 程赛赛, 高梅香, 卢廷玉, 金光泽 (2018) 丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性. 生物多样性, 26, 14-26. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017255.

Juanping Ni, Saisai Cheng, Meixiang Gao, Tingyu Lu, Guangze Jin (2018) Spatial heterogeneities of ground-dwelling Coleoptera adults and their spatial correlations with environmental factors in a typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 26, 14-26. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017255.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017255

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I1/14

图/表 9

图1 步甲科和隐翅虫科成虫群落个体数半方差函数图。Spherical, Gaussian分别表示球状模型和高斯模型。两条虚线表示数据显示为完全随机时的95%置信区间, 实线为拟合的半方差函数曲线。

Fig. 1 Semivariograms of individuals for ground Carabidae and Staphylinidae adult communities. Spherical, Gaussian represent the spherical and Gaussian models. Two dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals when the data is completely random, and the solid line is the fitting half variance function curve.

图2 步甲科和隐翅虫科成虫群落物种数半方差函数图。Spherical, Gaussian分别表示球状模型和高斯模型。两条虚线表示数据显示为完全随机时的95%置信区间, 实线为拟合的半方差函数曲线。

Fig. 2 Semivariograms of sepcies number for Carabidae and Staphylinidae adult communities. Spherical, Gaussian represent the spherical and Gaussian models. Two dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals when the data is completely random, and the solid line is the fitting half variance function curve.

表1 物种的半方差函数理论模型和空间异质性参数

Table 1 Theoretical models and corresponding parameters for semivariograms of species individuals

	物种 Species	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月 August 2015	Pterostichus maoershanensis	高斯模型 Gau	0.005	0.018	140	0.734
	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.110	0.210	150	0.476
	Carabus billbergi	高斯模型 Gau	0.008	0.020	110	0.597
	Megodontus vietinghoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.007	0.325	450	0.800
	Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	球状模型 Sph	0.120	0.199	150	0.397
	Philonthus wuesthoffi	指数模型 Exp	0.062	0.162	130	0.617
10月 October 2015	Pterostichus adstrictus	指数模型 Exp	0.001	0.003	330	0.805
10月 October 2015	Platynus ezoanus	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.001	150	0.812

表2 不同环境因子半方差函数理论模型及相关参数

Table 2 Theoretical models and corresponding parameters for semivariograms of environmental factors

	模型 Model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀+C)	变程 Range A₀ (m)	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]
8月土壤含水量 SWC in Aug. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.070	0.082	52	0.146
10月土壤含水量 SWC in Oct. (%)	高斯模型 Gau	0.089	0.099	120	0.101
海拔 Altitude	球状模型 Sph	0.000	0.000	140	0.855
坡度 Slope	高斯模型 Gau	0.021	0.131	92	0.840
坡向 Aspect	高斯模型 Gau	0.034	0.664	150	0.949
凹凸度 Convex	球状模型 Sph	0.056	0.072	90	0.222

图3 8月步甲科和隐翅虫科群落个体数和物种数的空间分布格局

Fig. 3 Spatial patterns for individual and species number matrices of Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities in August

图4 8月优势种个体数的空间分布格局

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution patterns of dominant species individuals in August

表3 8月和10月物种之间的空间关联性

Table 3 Spatial associations between species in August and October

	物种 Species	相关关系 Correlativity	结构比 Structural ratio [C/(C₀+C)]	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)
8月 August 2015	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Pterostichus adstrictus	+	0.000	0.116
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Carabus billbergi	+	0.565	0.325
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Megodontus vietinghoffi	-	0.998	0.000
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.000	0.131
	Pterostichus maoershanensis - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.000	0.052
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Carabus billbergi	+	0.997	0.000
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Megodontus vietinghoffi	-	0.000	0.005
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.959	0.383
	Pterostichus adstrictus - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.998	0.174
	Carabus billbergi - Megodontus vietinghoffi	+	0.000	0.000
	Carabus billbergi - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.000	0.024
	Carabus billbergi - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	0.999	0.226
	Megodontus vietinghoffi - Aulonocarabus canaliculatus	+	0.999	0.524
	Megodontus vietinghoffi - Philonthus wuesthoffi	-	0.000	0.247
	Aulonocarabus canaliculatus - Philonthus wuesthoffi	+	1.000	0.532
10月 October 2015	Pterostichus adstrictus - Platynus ezoanus	-	0.999	0.000

表4 步甲科和隐翅虫科群落个体数与环境因子空间关联性

Table 4 Spatial associations between individuals of Carabidae and Staphylinidae communities and environmental factors

环境因子 Environmental factor	8月 August		10月 October
环境因子 Environmental factor	步甲科 Carabidae	隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae	步甲科 Carabidae	隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae
土壤含水量 Soil water content	-	-	-	-
海拔 Altitude	+	+	-	+
坡度 Slope	+	+	-	+
坡向 Aspect	+	+	+	-
凹凸度 Convex	+	-	-	+

图5 步甲科、隐翅虫科物种个体数与环境因素的典范对应分析二维排序图 16, Pterostichus (Metallophilus) heilongjiangensis; 17, Pterostichus maoershanensis; 19, Pterostichus adstrictus; 20, Pterostichus bituberculatus; 22, Pterostichus microcephalus; 23, Pterostichus orientalis; 29, Pterostichus sulcitarsis; 31, Carabus billbergi; 38, 金边步甲(Megodontus vietinghoffi); 39, 沟步甲(Aulonocarabus canaliculatus); 40, Nebria livida; 46, Anthracus horni; 50, Bembidion lissontum; 54, Bembidion pseadducillum; 55, Biphyllidae cryptophilus obliterates; 59, Colpodes elainus; 64, Dicranoncus femoralis; 72, Platynus ezoanus; 73, Platynus gracilis; 74, Platynus ogurae; 75, Platynus thoreyi; 76, Pristosia proxima; 77, Pristosia vigil; 78, Stenolophus difficilis; 79, Syncechus callitheres; 80, Syncechus cycloderus; 86, Acidota chinensis; 87, Acotylus mimulus; 89, Aleochara curtula; 95, Anotylus minulus; 96, Boreaphilus japonicas; 98, Carpelimus vagus; 101, Boreaphilus japonicas; 110, Philonthus aeneipenuis; 111, Philonthus brannicollis; 112, Philonthus cyanipennis; 114, Philonthus gastralis; 115, Philonthus havellkai; 117, Philonthus numata; 121, Philonthus sericans; 124, Philonthus solidus; 126, Philonthus tenuicornis; 128, Philonthus wuesthoffi; 131, Psephidonus sinuatus; 132, Qachyporus celatus; 135, Tachyporus celatus. SWC, Soil water content.

Fig. 5 Biplot of individuals for Carabidae and Staphylinidae to environmental variables

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丰林典型阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目成虫空间异质性及其与环境因子的空间关联性

Spatial heterogeneities of ground-dwelling Coleoptera adults and their spatial correlations with environmental factors in a typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Nature Reserve

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