桂西南北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤钾、钙、镁空间分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2022352

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022352

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 生态系统多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

桂西南北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤钾、钙、镁空间分布特征及其影响因素

李佳奇¹^,²^,³, 郭屹立¹^,²^,^*(), 李冬兴¹^,², 王斌¹^,², 向悟生¹^,², 黄甫昭¹^,², 陆芳¹^,², 文淑均¹^,², 李健星¹^,², 陆树华¹^,², 李先琨¹^,²

1.广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006
2.弄岗喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西崇左 532499
3.桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院, 广西桂林 541006

收稿日期:2022-06-28 接受日期:2023-01-03 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-02-22
通讯作者: *郭屹立, E-mail: yiliguo810414@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32071540);国家自然科学基金(32260286);广西自然科学基金(2022GXNSFDA035076);广西自然科学基金(2022GXNSFBA035552)

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil potassium, calcium, and magnesium and their influencing factors in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern Guangxi

Jiaqi Li¹^,²^,³, Yili Guo¹^,²^,^*(), Dongxing Li¹^,², Bin Wang¹^,², Wusheng Xiang¹^,², Fuzhao Huang¹^,², Fang Lu¹^,², Shujun Wen¹^,², Jianxing Li¹^,², Shuhua Lu¹^,², Xiankun Li¹^,²

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
2. Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Chongzuo, Guangxi 532499
3. College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006

Received:2022-06-28 Accepted:2023-01-03 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-02-22
Contact: *Yili Guo, E-mail: yiliguo810414@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿质元素是土壤养分的重要组分, 关系着森林生态系统的群落组成和生物地球化学循环。喀斯特局域尺度内地形异质性较高, 目前尚缺乏地形等非生物因子和生物因子如何影响喀斯特地区土壤矿质元素空间分布方面的研究。本文在弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha森林动态监测样地中沿海拔梯度设立的100个凋落物收集器所在位点进行土壤取样, 对样品中的K、Ca、Mg 3种矿质元素含量进行测定, 并基于空间回归模型和变差分解等方法对喀斯特季节性雨林中土壤K、Ca、Mg与生态因子之间的关联进行定量分析, 探讨非生物因子和生物因子与其空间分布特征的内在关联, 以期为北热带喀斯特生物地球化学循环研究和脆弱喀斯特生态系统保护提供科学依据。结果表明, 研究区内土壤K、Ca、Mg均存在空间自相关性, Ca与海拔和凹凸度显著正相关, 主要聚集在山脊区域; K与地形湿润度指数显著正相关, 主要在洼地聚集; Mg在中坡位表现出聚集特征。变差分解显示生态因子对土壤K、Ca、Mg空间分布的驱动作用强于空间结构, 单个生态因子中海拔的解释度最高, 并且非生物因子的解释度总体上高于生物因子, 生物因子中物种丰富度解释度最高, 同时Mg的聚集伴随着较高的物种丰富度水平。

关键词: 土壤矿质元素, 生态因子, 空间回归模型, 变差分解, 北热带喀斯特季节性雨林

Abstract

Aims: Mineral elements are important determinants of soil nutrients and are related to forest community composition and nutrient cycling. There is high terrain heterogeneity in karst seasonal rainforest local scale, but there is still lack of research on how terrain and other abiotic and biotic factors affect the spatial distribution of soil mineral elements in karst area.

Methods: In this study, we set up 100 litter fall traps along the elevation gradient in the 15 ha northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nonggang, southwestern Guangxi, and conducted soil sampling at the litter fall trap sites. We tested soil samples for the content of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg. We performed quantitative analysis of the association between ecological factors and soil K, Ca, Mg in karst seasonal rainforests based on methods such as spatial regression models and variation partitioning.

Results: Soil K, Ca and Mg in the study area were all spatially autocorrelated, with Ca significantly positively correlated with elevation and convexity (P < 0.05), mainly clustered in the hilltop; K significantly positively correlated with topographic wetness index, mainly clustered in low-lying land; Mg showed clustering characteristics in the hillside. Variation partitioning shows that ecological factors drove the spatial distribution of soil K, Ca and Mg more than spatial structure. Elevation was the highest predictor variable among the individual ecological factors, and abiotic factors were higher than biotic factors in general, and species richness was the highest among biotic factors, while the aggregation of Mg elements was accompanied by a higher level of species richness.

Conclusion: In this study, the soil K, Ca and Mg in the 15 ha northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nonggang have spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial distribution of the three soil elements was significantly different. In the karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern Guangxi, ecological factors such as altitude have a strong driving effect on the spatial distribution of soil K, Ca and Mg. However, in terms of the accuracy of the analysis results, adding more ecological factors and expanding soil sampling points may further enhance the interpretation of ecological factors and spatial variables on the spatial distribution of soil elements.

Key words: soil mineral elements, ecological factors, spatial regression model, variation partitioning, northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest

李佳奇, 郭屹立, 李冬兴, 王斌, 向悟生, 黄甫昭, 陆芳, 文淑均, 李健星, 陆树华, 李先琨 (2023) 桂西南北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤钾、钙、镁空间分布特征及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 31, 22352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022352.

Jiaqi Li, Yili Guo, Dongxing Li, Bin Wang, Wusheng Xiang, Fuzhao Huang, Fang Lu, Shujun Wen, Jianxing Li, Shuhua Lu, Xiankun Li (2023) Spatial distribution characteristics of soil potassium, calcium, and magnesium and their influencing factors in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern Guangxi. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22352. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022352.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022352

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22352

图/表 7

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矿质元素 Mineral element	最优模型 Optimum model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀ + C)	块基比 C₀/(C₀ + C) (%)	变程 Rang (α) (km)	R²	残差 Residual
K	Gaussian模型 Gaussian model	0.113	2.236	5.050	0.215	0.935	0.255
Ca	指数模型 Exponential model	0.172	0.69	24.930	0.366	0.638	0.041
Mg	Gaussian模型 Gaussian model	0.431	2.235	19.280	0.273	0.921	0.112

矿质元素 Mineral element	最优模型 Optimum model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀ + C)	块基比 C₀/(C₀ + C) (%)	变程 Rang (α) (km)	R²	残差 Residual
K	Gaussian模型 Gaussian model	0.113	2.236	5.050	0.215	0.935	0.255
Ca	指数模型 Exponential model	0.172	0.69	24.930	0.366	0.638	0.041
Mg	Gaussian模型 Gaussian model	0.431	2.235	19.280	0.273	0.921	0.112

矿质元素 Mineral element	拉格朗日乘数 Lagrange multiplier (LM)	df	t	P
K	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag (LM-lag)	1	51.536	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag*	1	23.686	0.000
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error (LM-error)	1	29.516	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	1.667	0.197
Ca	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag	1	2.164	0.141
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag	1	0.433	0.511
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error*	1	3.305	0.069
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	1.574	0.210
Mg	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag	1	24.816	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag*	1	2.977	0.085
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error	1	22.103	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	0.265	0.607

矿质元素 Mineral element	拉格朗日乘数 Lagrange multiplier (LM)	df	t	P
K	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag (LM-lag)	1	51.536	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag*	1	23.686	0.000
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error (LM-error)	1	29.516	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	1.667	0.197
Ca	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag	1	2.164	0.141
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag	1	0.433	0.511
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error*	1	3.305	0.069
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	1.574	0.210
Mg	拉格朗日空间滞后 Lagrange multiplier lag	1	24.816	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间滞后 Robust LM-lag*	1	2.977	0.085
	拉格朗日空间误差 Lagrange multiplier error	1	22.103	0.000
	稳健拉格朗日空间误差 Robust LM-error	1	0.265	0.607

矿质元素 Mineral elements	变量 Variable	回归系数 Coefficient of regression	标准差 Standard deviation	z	P
K	海拔 Elevation	-0.197	0.002	-2.542	0.011
	凹凸度 Convexity	-0.076	0.068	-1.117	0.264
	地形湿润度指数 Topographic wetness index	0.133	0.053	2.514	0.012
	干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	-0.053	0.030	-1.784	0.075
	物种丰富度 Species richness	-0.008	0.015	-0.560	0.576
	物种多度 Abundance	-0.003	0.006	-0.510	0.610
	胸高断面积之和 Total basal area	0.000	0.000	-0.181	0.856
Ca	海拔 Elevation	0.237	0.011	1.582	0.018
	凹凸度 Convexity	1.223	0.380	3.221	0.001
	地形湿润度指数 Topographic wetness index	-0.305	0.323	-0.361	0.002
	干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	0.049	0.169	0.885	0.376
	物种丰富度 Species richness	0.078	0.079	0.989	0.323
	物种多度 Abundance	-0.008	0.032	-0.238	0.812
	胸高断面积之和 Total basal area	0.000	0.000	1.405	0.160
Mg	海拔 Elevation	-0.002	0.004	-0.458	0.647
	凹凸度 Convexity	-0.164	0.162	-1.009	0.313
	地形湿润度指数 Topographic wetness index	-0.120	0.124	-0.971	0.332
	干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	-0.004	0.070	-0.056	0.955
	物种丰富度 Species richness	0.115	0.035	2.132	0.033
	物种多度 Abundance	-0.014	0.013	-1.056	0.291
	胸高断面积之和 Total basal area	0.000	0.000	-0.652	0.514

桂西南北热带喀斯特季节性雨林土壤钾、钙、镁空间分布特征及其影响因素

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil potassium, calcium, and magnesium and their influencing factors in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern Guangxi

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生态因子 Ecological factors	独自效应 Unique effect (%)	单独效应 Individual effect (%)
海拔 Elevation	6.990	14.360
凹凸度 Convexity	1.860	5.960
地形湿润度指数 Topographic wetness index	0	6.870
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	0	4.910
物种丰富度 Species richness	0.390	1.040
物种多度 Species abundance	0	0.790
胸高断面积之和 Total basal area	0.500	1.030

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