北热带喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物组分构成及时空动态

doi:10.17520/biods.2016337

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 265-274. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016337

北热带喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物组分构成及时空动态

郭屹立^1,², 李冬兴^1,², 王斌^1,², 何运林^1,², 向悟生^1,², 蒋裕良^1,², 李先琨^1,^2,^*()

1 .广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006
2 .广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广西凭祥 532699

收稿日期:2016-11-28 接受日期:2017-01-23 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-04-07
通讯作者: 李先琨
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31500342, 31660130)、广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB16380256)、广西自然科学基金(2015GXNSFBA139050)和广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室开放基金(GKB15-A-22)

Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of litter fall in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China

Yili Guo^1,², Dongxing Li^1,², Bin Wang^1,², Yunlin He^1,², Wusheng Xiang^1,², Yuliang Jiang^1,², Xiankun Li^1,^2,^*()

1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006
2 Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532699

Received:2016-11-28 Accepted:2017-01-23 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-04-07
Contact: Li Xiankun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 在森林生态系统的物质循环和养分平衡中起重要作用。自2012年5月开始, 我们在弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha森林动态监测样地中布设了90个凋落物收集器进行凋落物收集。本文选取2013-2014年期间相关数据, 研究了凋落物的组分特征、物种组成、时间动态和空间分布特征等。结果表明, 2013年和2014年凋落物总量分别为4,858.0 kg/ha和4,928.8 kg/ha; 凋落物组分以凋落叶为主且高达85%以上, 其他组分所占比例较小。凋落物总量和凋落叶均有两个高峰期, 分别发生在每年的春季(3-4月)和秋冬季(8-11月), 凋落果的高峰期在8月左右; 其他组分由于凋落量较少, 年际动态并不明显。不同生态因子对凋落物总量分布格局的影响差异显著, 且存在年际变化, 但总体表现出凋落物总量受凋落物收集器所在样方的坡向和样方内所有DBH ≥ 1 cm个体的平均胸径影响最为显著。喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物的组分构成和时空动态特征反映了不同生物和非生物因素影响下的物质循环规律, 为深入揭示喀斯特独特地质、地貌背景下物质循环和能量流动的特殊性提供了基础。

关键词: 喀斯特季节性雨林, 凋落物, 组分构成, 生态因子, 弄岗15 ha森林动态监测样地

Abstract

Litter fall is a significant component of forest ecosystems and has important ecological functions in material cycling and nutrient balance of forest ecosystems. In this study, we studied litter fall production, composition, spatial and temporal dynamics in a 15-ha northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi. We set up 90 litter fall traps, and collected litter fall weekly since May 2012. All litter fall in each trap was dried, classified and weighed. We used litter fall data from January 2013 to December 2014. The total annual litter production in 2013 and 2014 was 4,858.0 kg/ha and 4,928.8 kg/ha, respectively. Litter fall of leaves accounted for 85% while other components made up a small amount. Fruit litter fall was significantly higher in 2013. There were two litter fall peaks in each year, one in spring (March and April) and the other occurring in autumn to early winter (between August and November). The peak of fruit litter fall peak occurred in August. There were no significant inter-annual fluctuations in other litter fall components. The prevailing ecological factors of litter fall production were significantly different between 2013 and 2014. Litter fall production was significantly influenced by aspect and mean DBH (diameter at breast height). Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of litter fall reflected material cycles affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Our results provide basic information to reveal the unique characteristics of material circulation and energy flows in the geological background and geomorphology of karst.

Key words: karst seasonal rainforest, litter fall, components, ecological factors, Nonggang 15 ha forest dynamics plot

郭屹立, 李冬兴, 王斌, 何运林, 向悟生, 蒋裕良, 李先琨 (2017) 北热带喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物组分构成及时空动态. 生物多样性, 25, 265-274. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016337.

Yili Guo, Dongxing Li, Bin Wang, Yunlin He, Wusheng Xiang, Yuliang Jiang, Xiankun Li (2017) Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of litter fall in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China. Biodiversity Science, 25, 265-274. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016337.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016337

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I3/265

图/表 8

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组分 Components	凋落量Litter fall (kg/ha) (%)
组分 Components	2013	2014
花 Flower	64.6 (1.33)	34.8 (0.71)
果 Fruit	417.8 (8.60)	64.6 (1.31)
叶 Leaf	4,334.8 (89.23)	4,656.6 (94.48)
枝 Twig	17.8 (0.37)	63.4 (1.28)
杂物 Debris	23.0 (0.47)	109.4 (2.22)
合计 Total	4,858.0 (100.00)	4,928.8 (100.00)

组分 Components	凋落量Litter fall (kg/ha) (%)
组分 Components	2013	2014
花 Flower	64.6 (1.33)	34.8 (0.71)
果 Fruit	417.8 (8.60)	64.6 (1.31)
叶 Leaf	4,334.8 (89.23)	4,656.6 (94.48)
枝 Twig	17.8 (0.37)	63.4 (1.28)
杂物 Debris	23.0 (0.47)	109.4 (2.22)
合计 Total	4,858.0 (100.00)	4,928.8 (100.00)

物种 Species	凋落量 Litter fall (kg/ha) (%)
物种 Species	2013	2014
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	738.7 (15.21)	694.3 (14.09)
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	471.6 (9.71)	542.5 (11.01)
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	450.3 (9.27)	470.9 (9.55)
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	343.4 (7.07)	425.1 (8.62)
蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	239.0 (4.92)	247.1 (5.01)
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	215.8 (4.44)	127.9 (2.60)
中国无忧花 Saraca dives	207.9 (4.28)	161.3 (3.27)
劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	180.0 (3.70)	106.6 (2.16)
鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	172.2 (3.54)	119.8 (2.43)
米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis	112.4 (2.31)	113.5 (2.30)
羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	99.1 (2.04)	54.5 (1.11)
广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	92.8 (1.91)	94.8 (1.92)
金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	80.4 (1.65)	69.1 (1.40)
南烛厚壳桂 Cryptocarya lyoniifolia	59.0 (1.21)	57.9 (1.17)
五瓣子楝树 Decaspermum parviflorum	55.6 (1.14)	-
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	-	70.4 (1.43)
合计 Total	3,518.2 (72.40)	3,355.7 (68.07)

物种 Species	凋落量 Litter fall (kg/ha) (%)
物种 Species	2013	2014
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	738.7 (15.21)	694.3 (14.09)
广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	471.6 (9.71)	542.5 (11.01)
苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	450.3 (9.27)	470.9 (9.55)
海南椴 Diplodiscus trichosperma	343.4 (7.07)	425.1 (8.62)
蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	239.0 (4.92)	247.1 (5.01)
广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis	215.8 (4.44)	127.9 (2.60)
中国无忧花 Saraca dives	207.9 (4.28)	161.3 (3.27)
劲直刺桐 Erythrina stricta	180.0 (3.70)	106.6 (2.16)
鱼骨木 Canthium dicoccum	172.2 (3.54)	119.8 (2.43)
米扬噎 Streblus tonkinensis	112.4 (2.31)	113.5 (2.30)
羽叶白头树 Garuga pinnata	99.1 (2.04)	54.5 (1.11)
广西澄广花 Orophea anceps	92.8 (1.91)	94.8 (1.92)
金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	80.4 (1.65)	69.1 (1.40)
南烛厚壳桂 Cryptocarya lyoniifolia	59.0 (1.21)	57.9 (1.17)
五瓣子楝树 Decaspermum parviflorum	55.6 (1.14)	-
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	-	70.4 (1.43)
合计 Total	3,518.2 (72.40)	3,355.7 (68.07)

月份 Month	果 Fruits		叶 Leaves		花 Flowers		枝 Twigs
月份 Month	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
1 月 January	0.7	0.4	193.9	494.8	0	0	0.1	0
2月 February	4.5	2.1	165.7	444.8	0	0.1	21	12.4
3月 March	7.1	3.8	565.6	632.8	3.8	1.5	1	1.6
4月 April	1.5	4.6	565	637.5	16	16.3	20	17.5
5月 May	11.6	0.5	338.3	344.5	1.9	14.1	5	8.5
6月 June	47.9	1.3	487.7	281.6	0.4	2.4	3	4.3
7月 July	71.4	7.5	106.5	239.5	0.1	0	9	11.1
8月 August	151	12.5	288.3	289.4	0	0	3	5.3
9月 September	84.4	9.6	435.1	341.7	0	0	0.5	0
10月 October	32.1	12.7	469.9	362.9	0	0	0	0
11月 November	4.5	7.4	402	224.2	0	0	0.9	2.6
12月 December	1.1	2.1	357.5	362.8	0.2	0.4	0	0

北热带喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物组分构成及时空动态

Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of litter fall in a northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China

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		偏回归系数 Partial regression coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i$)	标准差 SD	P	标准化偏回归系数 Standardized coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i^*$)
2013	截距 Intercept	27.516	49.672	0.081
	坡度 Slope	0.909	0.585	0.024	0.164
	坡向余弦值 Cosine of aspect	15.011	10.036	0.039	0.141
	坡向正弦值Sine of aspect	-27.444	8.764	0.002	-0.300
	胸高断面积 Basal area	-148.935	84.552	0.082	-0.045
	平均胸径 Mean DBH	27.965	9.822	0.006	0.446
	个体数 Individuals	1.511	0.437	0.001	0.491
2014	截距 Intercept	92.670	69.406	0.045
	坡向余弦值 Cosine of aspect	43.303	18.941	0.025	0.432
	平均胸径 Mean DBH	26.615	8.272	0.026	0.458
平均值 Average	截距 Intercept	235.340	35.658	0.000
	坡向余弦值 Cosine of aspect	32.684	12.614	0.011	0.268
	平均胸径 Mean DBH	1.865	7.446	0.053	0.215

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	偏回归系数 Partial regression coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i$)		标准差 SD		P		标准化偏回归系数 Standardized coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i^*$)
	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
截距 Intercept	83.643	-78.420	142.151	280.363	0.558	0.780
海拔 Elevation	-0.142	0.786	0.249	0.491	0.570	0.114	-0.093	0.292
坡度 Slope	0.615	0.640	0.989	1.951	0.536	0.744	0.111	0.066
凹凸度 Convexity	11.08	-3.739	12.525	24.702	0.379	0.880	0.124	-0.008
坡向正弦值 Sine of aspect	-24.012	-10.606	9.612	18.958	0.015	0.577	-0.262	-0.066
坡向余弦值 Cosine of aspect	18.492	40.214	10.708	21.120	0.088	0.061	0.174	0.215
地形湿润度指数Topographic wetness index	-4.275	17.891	11.019	21.732	0.699	0.413	-0.080	0.190
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	-3.683	1.946	5.165	10.187	0.478	0.849	-0.099	0.030
胸高断面积 Basal area	219.000	-99.223	179.596	354.213	0.026	0.780	0.363	-0.093
最大胸径 Maximum DBH	0.405	1.007	1.383	2.726	0.770	0.713	0.066	0.094
平均胸径 Mean DBH	31.149	25.945	12.939	15.520	0.018	0.816	0.497	0.254
个体数 Individuals	1.758	0.051	0.652	1.287	0.009	0.969	0.572	0.009

	偏回归系数 Partial regression coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i$)		标准差 SD		P		标准化偏回归系数 Standardized coefﬁcient ($\hat{\beta}_i^*$)
	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
截距 Intercept	83.643	-78.420	142.151	280.363	0.558	0.780
海拔 Elevation	-0.142	0.786	0.249	0.491	0.570	0.114	-0.093	0.292
坡度 Slope	0.615	0.640	0.989	1.951	0.536	0.744	0.111	0.066
凹凸度 Convexity	11.08	-3.739	12.525	24.702	0.379	0.880	0.124	-0.008
坡向正弦值 Sine of aspect	-24.012	-10.606	9.612	18.958	0.015	0.577	-0.262	-0.066
坡向余弦值 Cosine of aspect	18.492	40.214	10.708	21.120	0.088	0.061	0.174	0.215
地形湿润度指数Topographic wetness index	-4.275	17.891	11.019	21.732	0.699	0.413	-0.080	0.190
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel	-3.683	1.946	5.165	10.187	0.478	0.849	-0.099	0.030
胸高断面积 Basal area	219.000	-99.223	179.596	354.213	0.026	0.780	0.363	-0.093
最大胸径 Maximum DBH	0.405	1.007	1.383	2.726	0.770	0.713	0.066	0.094
平均胸径 Mean DBH	31.149	25.945	12.939	15.520	0.018	0.816	0.497	0.254
个体数 Individuals	1.758	0.051	0.652	1.287	0.009	0.969	0.572	0.009