生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 44-52. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07021
收稿日期:
2007-09-02
接受日期:
2007-11-29
出版日期:
2008-01-27
发布日期:
2008-01-27
通讯作者:
陈辈乐
作者简介:
*E-mail:boscokf@kfbg.orgBosco Pui Lok Chan1,*(), Xianglin Chen2
Received:
2007-09-02
Accepted:
2007-11-29
Online:
2008-01-27
Published:
2008-01-27
Contact:
Bosco Pui Lok Chan
摘要:
作者分别于2001年和2005年对海南中部鹦哥岭的鱼类进行了实地调查, 记录到62种鱼类, 其中23种为鹦哥岭地区新记录种。结合文献资料, 该地区共记载有淡水鱼类7目20科59属75种(含亚种), 占海南岛已知淡水鱼类的70.8%; 海南特有种16个, 占海南特有淡水鱼类的80.0%。鱼类群落中以山区溪流性小型鱼类为主。鹦哥岭南北两坡(南坡昌化江流域, 北坡南渡江流域)共有的鱼类共36属42种, 占鹦哥岭纯淡水鱼类总种数的60.0%。但两坡的鱼类组成存在一定差异: 昌化江流域以山区溪流性鱼类为主, 南渡江流域则较多平原江河性物种。利用多样性指数, 得出鹦哥岭鱼类物种多样性最高的是南渡江流域的南开河和昌化江流域万冲河段的支流。鱼类的垂直分布集中在海拔200-600 m的中低海拔水体, 海拔600 m以上鱼类稀少, 而在900 m以上没有发现鱼类。有关部门近年已在鹦哥岭建立自然保护区, 为有效保护珍贵的鱼类资源, 按照当地鱼类水平和垂直分布特点划定鱼类重点保护河段是十分必要的。
陈辈乐, 陈湘粦 (2008) 海南鹦哥岭地区的鱼类物种多样性与分布特点. 生物多样性, 16, 44-52. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07021.
Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Xianglin Chen (2008) Species diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China. Biodiversity Science, 16, 44-52. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07021.
图1 2001年及2005年海南鹦哥岭地区鱼类考察的调查点 N1: 南开河高峰—道银段; N2: 南开河莫南—芽星段; N3: 元门牙叉段; N4: 元门南清河; N5: 元门南川河; C1: 鹦哥岭牧场; C2: 什运乡段; C3: 南力水; C4: 毛阳段; C5: 南寨河; C6: 毛阳南开河; C7: 毛阳南肥段; C8: 南浩河; C9: 南乐河; C10: 番阳段; C11: 布伦; C12: 南益溪; C13: 乐中农场段; C14: 南重河; C15: 南蛋溪; C16: 三力溪; C17: 南盆河
Fig. 1 Map showing sampling sites in 2001 and 2005 at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China. N1, Nankai River Gaofeng-Daoyin section; N2, Nankai River Monan-Yaxing section; N3, Yuanmen Yacha section; N4, Yuanmen Nanqing River; N5, Yuanmen Nanchuan River; C1, Yinggeling Pasture; C2, Shiyun section; C3, Nanli River; C4, Maoyang section; C5, Nanzhai River; C6, Maoyang Nankai River; C7, Maoyang Nanfei section; C8, Nanhao River; C9, Nanle River; C10, Fanyang section; C11, Bulun; C12, Nanyi River; C13, Lezhong Farm section; C14, Nanchong River; C15, Nandan River; C16, Sanli River; C17, Nanpen River.
物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang | 物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes | 野鲮亚科Labeoninae | ||||
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae | 盆唇华鲮 Sinilabeo discognathoides | * | * | ||
花鳗鲡 Anguilla marmorata1 | + | + | 鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella | * | * |
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | 纹唇鱼 Osteochilus salsburyi | + | * | ||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | 东方麦头鱼 Garra orientalis | * | + | ||
鱼丹 亚科 Danioninae | 海南麦头鱼 G. pingi hainanensis | * | |||
南方波鱼 Rasbora steineri | + | * | 鲤亚科 Cyprininae | ||
海南异鱲 Parazacco spilurus fasciatus | + | + | 鲤 Cyprinus carpio | + | + |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | * | + | 须鲫 Carassioides cantonensis | + | |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens | + | + | 鲫 Carassius auratus auratus | + | + |
瑶山鲤 Yaoshanicus arcus | + | + | 鳅科 Cobitidae | ||
拟细鲫 Nicholsicypris normalis | + | + | 花鳅亚科 Cobitinae | ||
鲌亚科 Cultrinae | 中华鳅 Cobitis sinensis | + | |||
海南华鳊 Sinibrama melrosei | * | + | 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | + | + |
?Hemiculter leucisculus | + | 爬鳅科Balitoridae | |||
海南拟? Pseudohemiculter hainanensis | + | + | 条鳅亚科Nemacheilinae | ||
锯齿海南?Hainania serrata | * | 美丽小条鳅Micronemacheilus pulcher | + | + | |
海南鲌 Culter recurviceps | * | 横纹南鳅Schistura fasciolata1 | + | + | |
鲴亚科 Xenocyprinae | 无斑南鳅S. incerta1 | + | + | ||
银鲴 Xenocypris argentea | + | 腹吸鳅亚科Gastromyzoninae | |||
黄尾鲴 X. davidi | + | 琼中拟平鳅Liniparhomaloptera disparis qiongzhongensis | + | + | |
鲢亚科 Hypophthalmichthyinae | 海南原缨口鳅Vanmanenia hainanensis | + | |||
大鳞鲢 Hypophthalmichthys harmandi | * | 爬岩鳅Beaufortia leveretti | + | ||
鮈亚科 Gobioninae | 平鳍鳅亚科Homalopterinae | ||||
间鱼骨 Hemibarbus medius | + | + | 广西华平鳅 Sinohomaloptera kwangsiensis | * | + |
海南黑鳍鳈 Sarcochilichthys nigripinnis hainanensis2 | + | 伍氏华吸鳅 Sinogastromyzon wui | + | ||
暗斑银鮈Squalidus atromaculatus | + | + | 脂鲤目Characiformes | ||
似鲮小鳔鮈Microphysogobio labeoides | + | + | 无齿脂鲤科Curimatidae | ||
鳅鮀亚科Gobiobotinae | 条纹鲮脂鲤Prochilodus lineatus | + | |||
海南鳅鮀Gobiobotia kolleri | + | + | 鲇形目Siluriformes | ||
鱊亚科Acheilognathinae | 鲿科Bagridae | ||||
越南鱊Acheilognathus tonkinensis | * | 越鳠Hemibagrus pluriradiatus 3 | + | + | |
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus | + | + | 长臀鮠科Cranoglanididae | ||
鲃亚科Barbinae | 海南长臀鮠Cranoglanis multiradiatus 4 | * | |||
疏斑小鲃Puntius paucimaculatus | + | 鲇科Siluridae | |||
条纹小鲃P. semifasciolatus | + | + | 吉氏隐鳍鲇Pterocryptis gilberti1 | + | + |
光倒剌鲃Spinibarbus hollandi | + | + | 越南隐鳍鲇P. cochinchinensis1 | + | + |
倒剌鲃S. denticulatus denticulatus | * | * | 鲇Silurus asotus | + | + |
厚唇光唇鱼Acrossocheilus labiatus | + | 鮡科 Sisoridae | |||
大鳞光唇鱼 A. ikedai | * | 海南纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax fukiensis hainanensis | + | + | |
虹彩光唇鱼A. iridescens iridescens | + | * | 胡鲇科 Clariidae | ||
细尾白甲鱼Onychostoma leptura | + | + | 胡子鲇Clarias fuscus | + | + |
南方白甲鱼O. gerlachi | * | 鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes | |||
海南瓣结鱼 Tor brevifilis hainanensis | * | 花鳉科Poeciliidae | |||
物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang | 物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang |
食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis2 | + | + | 虎鱼科 Gobiidae | ||
合鳃鱼目Synbranchiformes | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | + | + | ||
合鳃鱼科Synbranchidae | 溪吻鰕虎鱼 R. duospilus | + | + | ||
黄鳝Monopterus albus | + | 项鳞吻鰕虎鱼 R. cervicosquamus2 | + | + | |
刺鳅科Mastacembelidae | 吻鰕虎鱼属sp. 1 Rhinogobius sp. 1 | + | |||
大刺鳅 Mastacembelus armatus | + | + | 吻鰕虎鱼属sp. 2 Rhinogobius sp. 2 | + | |
鲈形目Perciformes | 攀鲈科 Anabantidae | ||||
锯盖鱼科Centropomidae | 攀鲈 Anabas testudineus | + | |||
中国少鳞鳜(石鳜) Coreoperca whiteheadi | * | 斗鱼科 Belontiidae | |||
丽鱼科Cichlidae | 叉尾斗鱼 Macropodus opercularis | + | |||
莫桑比克口孵非鲫 Oreochromis mossambica1 | + | + | 鳢科 Channidae | ||
尼罗口孵非鲫 O. niloticus niloticus1 | + | + | 斑鳢 Channa maculata | * | + |
塘鳢科 Eleotridae | 宽额鳢(缘鳢) C. gachua | + | + | ||
海南细齿塘鳢 Philypnus chalmersi | + | 月鳢 C. asiatica | + |
附录I 海南鹦哥岭地区淡水鱼类名录
Appendix I Checklist of freshwater fishes recorded at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China
物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang | 物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes | 野鲮亚科Labeoninae | ||||
鳗鲡科 Anguillidae | 盆唇华鲮 Sinilabeo discognathoides | * | * | ||
花鳗鲡 Anguilla marmorata1 | + | + | 鲮 Cirrhinus molitorella | * | * |
鲤形目 Cypriniformes | 纹唇鱼 Osteochilus salsburyi | + | * | ||
鲤科 Cyprinidae | 东方麦头鱼 Garra orientalis | * | + | ||
鱼丹 亚科 Danioninae | 海南麦头鱼 G. pingi hainanensis | * | |||
南方波鱼 Rasbora steineri | + | * | 鲤亚科 Cyprininae | ||
海南异鱲 Parazacco spilurus fasciatus | + | + | 鲤 Cyprinus carpio | + | + |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | * | + | 须鲫 Carassioides cantonensis | + | |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens | + | + | 鲫 Carassius auratus auratus | + | + |
瑶山鲤 Yaoshanicus arcus | + | + | 鳅科 Cobitidae | ||
拟细鲫 Nicholsicypris normalis | + | + | 花鳅亚科 Cobitinae | ||
鲌亚科 Cultrinae | 中华鳅 Cobitis sinensis | + | |||
海南华鳊 Sinibrama melrosei | * | + | 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus | + | + |
?Hemiculter leucisculus | + | 爬鳅科Balitoridae | |||
海南拟? Pseudohemiculter hainanensis | + | + | 条鳅亚科Nemacheilinae | ||
锯齿海南?Hainania serrata | * | 美丽小条鳅Micronemacheilus pulcher | + | + | |
海南鲌 Culter recurviceps | * | 横纹南鳅Schistura fasciolata1 | + | + | |
鲴亚科 Xenocyprinae | 无斑南鳅S. incerta1 | + | + | ||
银鲴 Xenocypris argentea | + | 腹吸鳅亚科Gastromyzoninae | |||
黄尾鲴 X. davidi | + | 琼中拟平鳅Liniparhomaloptera disparis qiongzhongensis | + | + | |
鲢亚科 Hypophthalmichthyinae | 海南原缨口鳅Vanmanenia hainanensis | + | |||
大鳞鲢 Hypophthalmichthys harmandi | * | 爬岩鳅Beaufortia leveretti | + | ||
鮈亚科 Gobioninae | 平鳍鳅亚科Homalopterinae | ||||
间鱼骨 Hemibarbus medius | + | + | 广西华平鳅 Sinohomaloptera kwangsiensis | * | + |
海南黑鳍鳈 Sarcochilichthys nigripinnis hainanensis2 | + | 伍氏华吸鳅 Sinogastromyzon wui | + | ||
暗斑银鮈Squalidus atromaculatus | + | + | 脂鲤目Characiformes | ||
似鲮小鳔鮈Microphysogobio labeoides | + | + | 无齿脂鲤科Curimatidae | ||
鳅鮀亚科Gobiobotinae | 条纹鲮脂鲤Prochilodus lineatus | + | |||
海南鳅鮀Gobiobotia kolleri | + | + | 鲇形目Siluriformes | ||
鱊亚科Acheilognathinae | 鲿科Bagridae | ||||
越南鱊Acheilognathus tonkinensis | * | 越鳠Hemibagrus pluriradiatus 3 | + | + | |
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus | + | + | 长臀鮠科Cranoglanididae | ||
鲃亚科Barbinae | 海南长臀鮠Cranoglanis multiradiatus 4 | * | |||
疏斑小鲃Puntius paucimaculatus | + | 鲇科Siluridae | |||
条纹小鲃P. semifasciolatus | + | + | 吉氏隐鳍鲇Pterocryptis gilberti1 | + | + |
光倒剌鲃Spinibarbus hollandi | + | + | 越南隐鳍鲇P. cochinchinensis1 | + | + |
倒剌鲃S. denticulatus denticulatus | * | * | 鲇Silurus asotus | + | + |
厚唇光唇鱼Acrossocheilus labiatus | + | 鮡科 Sisoridae | |||
大鳞光唇鱼 A. ikedai | * | 海南纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax fukiensis hainanensis | + | + | |
虹彩光唇鱼A. iridescens iridescens | + | * | 胡鲇科 Clariidae | ||
细尾白甲鱼Onychostoma leptura | + | + | 胡子鲇Clarias fuscus | + | + |
南方白甲鱼O. gerlachi | * | 鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes | |||
海南瓣结鱼 Tor brevifilis hainanensis | * | 花鳉科Poeciliidae | |||
物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang | 物种 Species | 南渡江水系 Nandujiang | 昌化江水系 Changhuajiang |
食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis2 | + | + | 虎鱼科 Gobiidae | ||
合鳃鱼目Synbranchiformes | 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus | + | + | ||
合鳃鱼科Synbranchidae | 溪吻鰕虎鱼 R. duospilus | + | + | ||
黄鳝Monopterus albus | + | 项鳞吻鰕虎鱼 R. cervicosquamus2 | + | + | |
刺鳅科Mastacembelidae | 吻鰕虎鱼属sp. 1 Rhinogobius sp. 1 | + | |||
大刺鳅 Mastacembelus armatus | + | + | 吻鰕虎鱼属sp. 2 Rhinogobius sp. 2 | + | |
鲈形目Perciformes | 攀鲈科 Anabantidae | ||||
锯盖鱼科Centropomidae | 攀鲈 Anabas testudineus | + | |||
中国少鳞鳜(石鳜) Coreoperca whiteheadi | * | 斗鱼科 Belontiidae | |||
丽鱼科Cichlidae | 叉尾斗鱼 Macropodus opercularis | + | |||
莫桑比克口孵非鲫 Oreochromis mossambica1 | + | + | 鳢科 Channidae | ||
尼罗口孵非鲫 O. niloticus niloticus1 | + | + | 斑鳢 Channa maculata | * | + |
塘鳢科 Eleotridae | 宽额鳢(缘鳢) C. gachua | + | + | ||
海南细齿塘鳢 Philypnus chalmersi | + | 月鳢 C. asiatica | + |
流域 Drainage | 调查点 Site | 种类数 Species number | Margalef指数 Margalef index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson’s index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
南渡江 Nandujiang | |||||
N1 | 26 | 3.86 | 2.60 | 0.90 | |
N2 | 33 | 5.26 | 2.88 | 0.92 | |
N3 | 16 | 3.74 | 2.28 | 0.84 | |
N4 | 7 | 1.86 | 1.54 | 0.71 | |
N5 | 8 | 1.47 | 1.60 | 0.75 | |
Mean±SD | 18.00±11.34 | 3.24±1.56 | 2.18±0.60 | 0.82±0.82 | |
昌化江 Changhuajiang | |||||
C1 | 8 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 0.65 | |
C2 | 11 | 3.34 | 2.18 | 0.86 | |
C3 | 11 | 2.56 | 1.87 | 0.78 | |
C4 | 19 | 3.50 | 2.28 | 0.85 | |
C5 | 15 | 2.72 | 2.04 | 0.81 | |
C6 | 16 | 2.97 | 1.69 | 0.70 | |
C7 | 9 | 2.59 | 1.70 | 0.71 | |
C8 | 7 | 1.54 | 1.39 | 0.66 | |
C9 | 6 | 1.95 | 1.59 | 0.76 | |
C10 | 10 | 2.28 | 1.80 | 0.79 | |
C11 | 3 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.50 | |
C12 | 15 | 3.75 | 2.48 | 0.89 | |
C13 | 13 | 2.35 | 1.62 | 0.74 | |
C14 | 8 | 1.71 | 1.74 | 0.79 | |
C15 | 22 | 4.23 | 2.45 | 0.87 | |
C16 | 12 | 2.59 | 2.14 | 0.86 | |
C17 | 26 | 4.72 | 2.61 | 0.90 | |
Mean±SD | 11.94±6.10 | 2.59±1.02 | 1.83±0.47 | 0.76±0.11 |
表1 鹦哥岭地区各调查点的鱼类多样性指数分析
Table 1 Analysis of species diversity indices from different sampling sites at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China
流域 Drainage | 调查点 Site | 种类数 Species number | Margalef指数 Margalef index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson’s index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
南渡江 Nandujiang | |||||
N1 | 26 | 3.86 | 2.60 | 0.90 | |
N2 | 33 | 5.26 | 2.88 | 0.92 | |
N3 | 16 | 3.74 | 2.28 | 0.84 | |
N4 | 7 | 1.86 | 1.54 | 0.71 | |
N5 | 8 | 1.47 | 1.60 | 0.75 | |
Mean±SD | 18.00±11.34 | 3.24±1.56 | 2.18±0.60 | 0.82±0.82 | |
昌化江 Changhuajiang | |||||
C1 | 8 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 0.65 | |
C2 | 11 | 3.34 | 2.18 | 0.86 | |
C3 | 11 | 2.56 | 1.87 | 0.78 | |
C4 | 19 | 3.50 | 2.28 | 0.85 | |
C5 | 15 | 2.72 | 2.04 | 0.81 | |
C6 | 16 | 2.97 | 1.69 | 0.70 | |
C7 | 9 | 2.59 | 1.70 | 0.71 | |
C8 | 7 | 1.54 | 1.39 | 0.66 | |
C9 | 6 | 1.95 | 1.59 | 0.76 | |
C10 | 10 | 2.28 | 1.80 | 0.79 | |
C11 | 3 | 1.12 | 0.87 | 0.50 | |
C12 | 15 | 3.75 | 2.48 | 0.89 | |
C13 | 13 | 2.35 | 1.62 | 0.74 | |
C14 | 8 | 1.71 | 1.74 | 0.79 | |
C15 | 22 | 4.23 | 2.45 | 0.87 | |
C16 | 12 | 2.59 | 2.14 | 0.86 | |
C17 | 26 | 4.72 | 2.61 | 0.90 | |
Mean±SD | 11.94±6.10 | 2.59±1.02 | 1.83±0.47 | 0.76±0.11 |
图2 鹦哥岭地区各调查点记录到的鱼类物种数。调查点代号同图1。
Fig. 2 Number of fish species recorded from different sampling sites at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China. Site numbers as in.
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