生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 25487.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025487  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025487

• 生物编目 • 上一篇    下一篇

南海翼足类物种多样性与分布

梁竣策1,2, 李开枝1,3*, 谭烨辉1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广州 510301; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3. 中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站, 广东大亚湾海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广东深圳 518121
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-06 修回日期:2026-01-30 接受日期:2026-05-20 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 李开枝

Species diversity and distribution of pteropods in the South China Sea

Junce Liang1,2, Kaizhi Li1,3*, Yehui Tan1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 

    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 

    3 Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Field Observation and Research Station (Guangdong Daya Bay) for Marine Ecosystem, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518121, China

  • Received:2025-12-06 Revised:2026-01-30 Accepted:2026-05-20 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-01
  • Contact: Kaizhi Li

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摘要： 翼足类隶属于软体动物门腹足纲异鳃亚纲, 终生营浮游生活, 是海洋浮游动物的重要类群, 我国关于该类群的生物多样性与分布研究较为缺乏。南海具有河口、陆架、深海海盆和岛礁等多种生境, 海洋生物多样性高。本研究基于2022–2023年在南海开展4个航次所采集的浮游动物样品, 结合体视显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察, 对物种进行鉴定与形态描述, 旨在厘清南海翼足类物种多样性及其分布格局。共鉴定翼足类26种, 隶属于13科18属。发现4个中国海新记录种, 即优雅小龟螺(Diacavolinia elegans)、加氏蝴蝶螺(Desmopterus gardineri)、四褶背鳃螺(Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata)和克氏长吻螺(Cliopsis krohnii), 并进行详细的形态描述。南海翼足类物种组成存在明显的区域差异: 陆架区物种最为丰富, 岛礁区物种较少; 近岸区翼足类丰度较高但多样性较低, 开阔深海则呈现丰度较低而多样性较高的特征; 垂直分布上, 翼足类主要富集于0–200 m水层, 其丰度与多样性随深度增加显著降低。此外, 不同生态区域间的优势种组成存在差异, 反映出翼足类对不同生境的生态适应策略。本研究更新了南海翼足类的物种名录, 提供了详细的分布信息, 能为南海浮游动物分类学、生物多样性研究以及海洋生态系统监测提供重要的基础资料。

关键词: 翼足类, 浮游动物, 新记录种, 生物多样性, 南海

Abstract

Aims: Pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) play a key role in marine ecosystems, contributing to critical processes such as the marine food web and carbon cycle. However, their diversity and distribution in the South China Sea (SCS) remain poorly understood. To address these gaps and enhance the understanding of their regional biogeography, this study aimed to systematically investigate the species diversity and spatial distribution patterns of pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the South China Sea. 

Methods: Zooplankton samples were collected during four cruises across various ecological regions, including estuarine, shelf, basin, and island/reef areas of the South China Sea between 2022 and 2023. Species were identified based on morphological examination using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Ecological indices, including species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and dominance index, were calculated to analyze community structure. 

Results: A total of 26 pteropod species belonging to 13 families and 18 genera were identified, including four new records for the South China Sea: Diacavolinia elegans, Desmopterus gardineri, Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata, and Cliopsis krohnii. Notable regional heterogeneity was observed: the Pearl River Estuary–western shelf area showed the highest species richness (22 species), while the northern island/reef area had the lowest (6 species). Horizontally, coastal areas exhibited higher abundance but lower diversity, whereas open-sea areas showed the reverse pattern. Vertically, pteropods were predominantly concentrated in the 0–200 m layer, with abundance and diversity declining sharply with depth. The composition of dominant species varied markedly among different ecological regions. 

Conclusion: This study updates the species checklist of pteropods in the South China Sea and reveals clear spatial partitioning in their community structure, reflecting adaptations to distinct habitats. The findings provide essential baseline data for understanding regional marine biodiversity and monitoring ecosystem changes in this marginal sea.

Key words: Pteropoda, zooplankton, new records, species diversity, South China Sea

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