浙江乌岩岭叶蜂多样性分布及影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2025459

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 25459. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025459 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025459

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

浙江乌岩岭叶蜂多样性分布及影响因素

张海龙¹, 聂海燕¹, 刘萌萌²(), 魏美才³(), 李泽建⁴^,^*()()

¹ 中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院, 长沙 410000
² 丽水学院农业与生物技术学院, 浙江丽水 323000
³ 江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022
⁴ 丽水市林业局华东药用植物园科研管理中心省级博士后科研工作站, 浙江丽水 323000

收稿日期:2025-11-15 接受日期:2026-02-24 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-07-30
通讯作者: *E-mail: lizejian2006@163.com
基金资助:
乌岩岭叶蜂类昆虫资源本底调查项目、凤阳山叶蜂类昆虫资源本底调查与创新项目和百山祖园区“揭榜挂帅”科研项目(2023JBGS07)

Diversity patterns and influencing factors of sawfly communities in Mt. Wuyanling, Zhejiang Province, China

Hailong Zhang¹, Haiyan Nie¹, Mengmeng Liu²(), Meicai Wei³(), Zejian Li⁴^,^*()()

¹ College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China
² College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
³ College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
⁴ Provincial Postdoctoral Research Station, Scientific Research and Management Center of East China Medicinal Botanical Garden, Lishui Forestry Bureau, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China

Received:2025-11-15 Accepted:2026-02-24 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-07-30
Contact: *E-mail: lizejian2006@163.com
Supported by:
Research on the Investigation of Sawfly Resources in Mt. Wuyanling, Research on the Investigation and Innovation of Sawfly Resources in Mt. Fengyang, and Baishanzu Park “Announce the Results and Leading the Way” Research Project(2023JBGS07)

1. 附录.zip(456KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 山地生态系统在有限空间内集成多样的地质、地貌与气候条件, 形成陡峭而连续的环境梯度, 是生物地理学和群落生态学研究的理想场所, 也是生物多样性保护的关键区域。本研究以华东地区保存最完整的浙江乌岩岭国家级自然保护区的中亚热带常绿阔叶林的叶蜂群落为对象, 沿海拔梯度设置4条固定样线, 并在2023–2024年的3–7月进行重复调查, 整理出该区域的叶蜂物种名录与丰度数据。基于此, 探究了叶蜂群落多样性分布格局及其影响因子。结果表明: (1)在α多样性方面, 叶蜂的物种多样性和丰富度随海拔升高显著降低(P < 0.05); 7月叶蜂的物种丰富度显著降低(P < 0.05), 而其余多样性指数在月份间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。(2)广义可加模型模拟结果表明, 物种丰富度对海拔的响应由多个局部峰谷构成。日均温与物种丰富度呈显著单峰关系, 日相对湿度则表现为微弱的非线性效应; 地面气压与物种丰富度、海拔与群落均匀度之间均呈显著线性正相关。(3)在β多样性方面, 不同海拔梯度及月份间的群落组成差异显著, 且主要由物种周转过程驱动。(4) Mantel检验结果表明, 群落组成的总差异及空间周转组分与多种环境因子差异呈显著正相关, 群落相似性随环境距离增加而显著降低。本研究形成了乌岩岭叶蜂物种名录, 揭示了叶蜂群落多样性的分布格局, 阐明了环境因子对群落构建的驱动作用, 可为区域昆虫多样性保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 叶蜂类群, 物种名录, 昆虫多样性分布, 浙江省

Abstract

Aims: This study investigated sawfly communities in the Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, which preserves the most intact mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in East China. This study aimed to: (1) explore the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of sawfly diversity across different elevations and months; and (2) identify the environmental drivers shaping these diversity patterns.

Methods: We established four fixed transects along elevation gradients within the reserve. Repeated systematic surveys were conducted from March to July in 2023 and 2024 to compile a species checklist and obtain abundance data.

Results: The results showed that regarding α diversity, sawfly species diversity and richness decreased significantly with increasing elevation (P < 0.05), and sawfly richness was significantly lower in July (P < 0.05), whereas the other diversity indices showed no significant differences among months (P > 0.05). Generalized additive model (GAM) results indicated that the response of species richness to elevation was characterized by multiple local peaks and valleys. Daily mean temperature exhibited a significant unimodal relationship with species richness, while daily relative humidity showed a weak non-linear effect. There were significant positive linear correlations between surface pressure and species richness, and between elevation and community evenness. For β diversity, community composition differed significantly across elevation zones and months, and was primarily driven by species turnover processes. Mantel tests revealed that the total variation in community composition and the spatial turnover component were significantly positively correlated with variations in multiple environmental factors, and community similarity decreased significantly with increasing environmental distance.

Conclusion: This study supplements the regional checklist of sawfly taxa and systematically reveals the spatial distribution patterns of sawfly communities in Mt. Wuyanling. These findings provide essential baseline data for regional insect diversity surveys and offer insights for biodiversity conservation in subtropical mountain ecosystems.

Key words: sawfly communities, species checklist, insect diversity distribution, Zhejiang Province

张海龙, 聂海燕, 刘萌萌, 魏美才, 李泽建 (2026) 浙江乌岩岭叶蜂多样性分布及影响因素. 生物多样性, 34, 25459. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025459.

Hailong Zhang, Haiyan Nie, Mengmeng Liu, Meicai Wei, Zejian Li (2026) Diversity patterns and influencing factors of sawfly communities in Mt. Wuyanling, Zhejiang Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25459. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025459.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025459

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I6/25459

图/表 7

图1 浙江乌岩岭国家级自然保护区叶蜂调查采样单元(gc)分布

Fig. 1 Location of sawfly survey grid cell (gc) of Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang

表1 不同科叶蜂的个体数量及属种多度

Table 1 Number of individuals and taxonomic abundance of different families of sawfly insects

科 Family	个体数量 Number of individuals		属 Genus		种 Species
科 Family	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
叶蜂科 Tenthredinidae	783	78.61	48	78.69	96	80.00
棒蜂科 Xyelidae	103	10.36	1	1.64	1	0.83
锤角叶蜂科 Cimbicidae	44	4.42	2	3.28	5	4.17
三节叶蜂科 Argidae	30	3.01	3	4.92	11	9.17
树蜂科 Siricidae	28	2.81	1	1.64	1	0.83
松叶蜂科 Diprionidae	3	0.30	3	4.92	3	2.50
茎蜂科 Cephidae	2	0.20	1	1.64	1	0.83
残青叶蜂科 Athaliidae	2	0.20	1	1.64	1	0.83
项蜂科 Xiphydriidae	1	0.10	1	1.64	1	0.83
合计 Total	996	100.00	61	100.00	120	100.00

图2 叶蜂群落总体特征。(a)多度等级曲线; (b)物种累积曲线; (c)属种数量关系; (d)主要叶蜂物种(个体数 > 10)的个体数排序。

Fig. 2 General characteristics of the sawfly community. (a) Abundance rank curve; (b) Species accumulation curve; (c) Relationship between genus and species numbers; (d) Individual counts of major sawfly species (individuals > 10).

图3 α多样性指数的时空动态。(a-d)不同海拔梯度的多样性指数箱线图; (e-h)不同月份的多样性指数箱线图。不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD检验)。

Fig. 3 Spatiotemporal dynamics of α diversity indices. (a-d) Boxplots of diversity indices across different elevation gradients; (e-h) Boxplots of diversity indices across different months. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups (P < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test).

图4 环境因子对叶蜂α多样性指数影响的广义可加模型分析。实线代表拟合平滑曲线, 灰色阴影为95%置信区间, 散点为偏残差; EDF = 1表明关系接近线性, EDF > 1表明存在非线性关系, EDF = 0则表明该变量效应被模型压缩至趋近于零, 几乎无解释力。

Fig. 4 Generalized additive model analysis illustrating the influences of environmental variables on α diversity indices of sawfly communities. Solid lines represent fitted smooth curves, grey shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals, and points represent partial residuals; EDF = 1 suggests an approximately linear relationship, EDF > 1 indicates a nonlinear relationship, and EDF = 0 implies that the variable effect has been shrunk by the model to near zero with negligible explanatory power.

图5 β多样性指数的时空动态。(a)不同海拔梯度的Jaccard相异性及其分解; (b)不同海拔梯度间物种组成的Venn图; (c)不同月份的Jaccard相异性及其分解; (d)不同月份间物种组成的Venn图。Total: 总β多样性; Turnover: 周转组分; Nestedness: 嵌套组分。

Fig. 5 Spatiotemporal dynamics of β diversity indices. (a) Jaccard dissimilarity and its turnover and nestedness components across elevation gradients; (b) Venn diagram of species composition among elevation gradients; (c) Jaccard dissimilarity and its turnover and nestedness components across months; (d) Venn diagram of species composition among months. Total, Overall β diversity; Turnover, Turnover component; Nestedness, Nestedness component.

图6 叶蜂群落β多样性的距离衰减格局及其环境驱动效应。(a)叶蜂群落相似性随环境距离增加的衰减规律; (b)总β多样性及其组分与环境因子的Mantel关联(连线颜色代表Mantel检验的显著性水平, 连线粗细代表Mantel’s r值的大小, 热图颜色代表环境因子间的Pearson相关系数)。

Fig. 6 Distance-decay patterns of sawfly community β diversity and the environmental driving effects. (a) Decay regulation of sawfly community similarity with increasing environmental distance; (b) Mantel correlations of overall β diversity and its components with environmental factors (line colors represent significance levels of Mantel tests, line widths represent the magnitudes of Mantel’s r values, and heatmap colors represent Pearson correlation coefficients among environmental factors).

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浙江乌岩岭叶蜂多样性分布及影响因素

Diversity patterns and influencing factors of sawfly communities in Mt. Wuyanling, Zhejiang Province, China

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