生物多样性

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中国鸟类被动声学监测规范与建议

郝泽周, 申小莉, 斯幸峰, 赵岩岩, 魏晨韬, 吴飞, 许晓青, 阙品甲, 董路, 华方圆, 张立勋, 张承云, 刘阳   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 广州 510520; 2. 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093; 3. 浙江大学生命科学学院, 植被结构、功能与建造全国重点实验室, 生命系统稳态与保护教育部重点实验室, 杭州 310058; 4. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江舟山岛屿生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 崇明生态研究院, 华东师范大学全球变化与生态预测研究中心, 上海 200241; 5. 广西科学院生态环境研究所, 南宁 530007; 6. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广州 510530; 7. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 昆明 650223; 8. 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院, 上海 200000; 9. 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地, 珍稀濒危野生动物保护四川省重点实验室, 成都 610081; 10. 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875; 11. 北京大学城市与环境学院, 生态研究中心暨植被结构功能与建造全国重点实验室, 北京 100871; 12. 兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000; 13. 广州大学电子与通信工程学院, 广州 510006; 14. 中山大学生态学院, 广东深圳 518107
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-25 修回日期:2026-02-22 接受日期:2026-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘阳
  • 基金资助:
    低频声学生态位重叠对城市鸟类鸣声多样性格局及其维持机制的影响(32571817); 南岭国家公园生物多样性综合科学考察

Standards and recommendations for passive acoustic monitoring of birds in China

Zezhou Hao, Xiaoli Shen, Xingfeng Si, Yanyan Zhao, Chentao Wei, Fei Wu, Xiaoqing Xu, Pinjia Que, Lu Dong, Fangyuan Hua, Lixun Zhang, Chengyun Zhang, Yang Liu   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China 

    2 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 

    3 State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab), MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 

    4 Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Centre for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 

    5 Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China 

    6 South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China 

    7 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, China 

    8 College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China 

    9 The Conservation of Endangered Wildlife Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China 

    10 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 

    11 Institute of Ecology and State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction (VegLab), College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 

    12 College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 

    13 School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China 

    14 School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China

  • Received:2025-11-25 Revised:2026-02-22 Accepted:2026-03-14
  • Contact: Liu, Yang
  • Supported by:
    Effects of low-frequency acoustics niche overlap on the patterns and maintenance mechanisms of urban bird sound diversity(32571817)

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摘要： 全球生物多样性正以前所未有的速度丧失。鸟类作为分布广、多样性高的动物类群, 了解其种群动态及其驱动因素可为生物多样性保护和管理提供支撑。被动声学监测(passive acoustic monitoring, PAM)作为一种非侵入式、高时空分辨率的监测技术, 为大规模、长时序的鸟类多样性同步调查提供了革命性工具。近年来, 被动声学监测在全球取得了快速发展。然而, 当前中国在该领域的应用呈现出项目分散、设备异构、方法不一的“数据孤岛”困境, 严重制约了数据的整合、比较与宏观决策支持能力。本研究系统梳理了在全球鸟类多样性丧失的大背景下, 鸟类被动声学监测的需求; 并对比分析了国内外鸟类被动声学监测的技术发展、网络建设与数据共享经验, 剖析了中国因缺乏统一规范所面临的核心挑战。在此基础上, 借鉴了国内外优秀的被动声学监测实践案例, 提出一套适用于中国的鸟类被动声学监测规范体系框架, 涵盖了从监测设计、核心技术参数、元数据标准到数据处理与分析的全流程。最后, 从顶层设计、网络建设、技术创新、数据共享与政策保障等多个方面, 提出了具有可操作性的行动建议与路线图。本研究旨在为构建中国标准化、网络化、智能化的鸟类声学监测体系提供科学蓝图与实施指南。

关键词: 被动声学监测, 鸟类多样性, 监测规范, 数据标准化, 生态声学

Abstract

Background & Aims: Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. As a widespread and diverse taxonomic group, birds are crucial indicators, and understanding drivers and consequences of their population dynamics is vital for biodiversity conservation. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), a non-invasive technique with high spatiotemporal resolution, offers a revolutionary tool for large-scale, long-term avian diversity surveys. Despite the rapid development of PAM globally, its application in China is currently hampered by scattered projects, heterogeneous equipment, and inconsistent methodologies. This has resulted in a “data island” dilemma, significantly hindering data integration, comparability, and its use for policy of biodiversity and conservation. This study aims to provide a scientific blueprint and implementation guide for establishing a standardized, networked, and intelligent avian acoustic monitoring system in China. 

Method Results: We systematically reviewed the corresponding urgent needs of PAM in light of the global loss of avian biodiversity. We then compared and analyzed the technical development, network construction, and data-sharing experiences of avian PAM both internationally and domestically, identifying the core challenges China faces due to the lack of unified standards. Drawing on successful international PAM practices, we propose a comprehensive framework of standards suitable for China. This framework covers the entire workflow, from monitoring design and core technical parameters to metadata standards and data processing and analysis. 

Perspectives: Finally, we present a series of actionable recommendations and a strategic roadmap for future implementation. These proposals address multiple facets, including top-level design, national network construction, technological innovation, data sharing mechanisms, and essential policy support, charting a clear course for the future of avian acoustic monitoring in the nation.

Key words: passive acoustic monitoring, bird diversity, monitoring standards, data standardization, ecoacoustics

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