生物多样性

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中国禾本科植物多样性及其物种名录

刘昊1,2,3, 张玉霄4, 刘冰1,2,3, 李飞飞5,6, 马洪峥7, 覃海宁1,2,3, 李德铢8, 陈文俐1,2,3*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院植物研究所植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室, 北京 100093; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3. 国家植物园, 北京 100093; 4. 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224; 5. 北京市植物园管理处, 北京 100093; 6. 植物迁地保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100093; 7. 天津农学院园艺园林学院, 天津 300392; 8. 山东农业大学林学院生物多样性交叉研究中心, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-02 修回日期:2026-02-04 接受日期:2026-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈文俐
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略生物资源计划生物分类岗位科学家项目(CAS-TAX-24-011); 国家自然科学基金项目(31970207); 国家植物标本资源库精准采集项目(NPSRC E0117G1001)

Diversity and checklist of grasses (Poaceae) in China

Hao Liu1,2,3, Yuxiao Zhang4, Bing Liu1,2,3, Feifei Li5,6, Hongzheng Ma7, Haining Qin1,2,3, Dezhu Li8, Wenli Chen1,2,3*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 

    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 

    3 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China 

    4 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China 

    5 Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China 

    6 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex situ Conservation, Beijing 100093, China 

    7 College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China 

    8 Center for Interdisciplinary Biodiversity Research & College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China

  • Received:2025-11-02 Revised:2026-02-04 Accepted:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Wenli Chen
  • Supported by:
    Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-011); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970207); Project of the National Plant Specimen Resource Center(NPSRC E0117G1001)

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摘要： 通过全面收集、整理中国禾本科植物物种信息, 本文更新了中国禾本科植物物种名录, 系统分析了禾本科植物多样性的分布特点, 总结了禾本科植物标本的保存和采集现状。物种数据统计发现: (1)中国现有禾本科植物10亚科37族283属2,304种, 其中本土物种数包括10亚科34族232属1,978种(含12个特有属和1,028个特有种), 仅次于菊科, 位列中国种子植物第二大科。在本土物种中, 早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)含74属746种, 竹亚科(Bambusoideae)含46属712种, 是物种数最丰富的两个亚科; 簕竹属(Bambusa, 99种)和披碱草属(Elymus, 96种)是物种数最丰富的两个大属。外来物种涉及8亚科20族109属326种, 其中栽培植物占比69%。中国本土禾本科植物的属、种多样性中心位于西南及华南地区, 集中分布了全国92%的本土属和76%的本土物种。(2)中国现有国家重点保护禾本科植物21属29种, 受威胁物种31属54种, 省级重点保护禾本科植物15属16种。(3)馆藏量排名前15位的标本馆标本数合计占全国禾本科植物标本的73%, 这些标本馆主要隶属中国科学院各机构; 现有禾本科植物标本采集多集中于大属和广布种, 而寡种属和狭域分布的特有种采集相对不足。本研究可为禾本科植物的分类、系统学、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用等方面提供基础数据。

关键词: 中国, 禾本科, 生物多样性, 名录, 标本采集

Abstract

Aims: In recent years, molecular phylogenetic studies have prompted some changes in the names and taxonomic status of genera and species of Poaceae in China. Concurrently, the digitization of specimen information has provided vast amounts of species distribution data. Therefore, it is necessary to consolidate these changes to update the checklist of Poaceae in China and to investigate the diversity composition and distribution patterns of Chinese Poaceae from multiple perspectives. 

Methods: Based on data collected from references such as Flora of China and the Catalogue of Life China: 2025 Annual Checklist, as well as online databases including the Tropicos, and combined with species distribution records obtained from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and field investigations, we update the checklist of Poaceae in China and provide a statistical analysis of its composition and distribution. 

Results: The statistical results indicate that there were 2,304 species of Poaceae in China, belonging to 283 genera, 37 tribes, and 10 subfamilies. Among these, native species accounted for 1,978, which belonging to 232 genera, 34 tribes, and 10 subfamilies (including 12 endemic genera and 1,028 endemic species). With this native species richness, Poaceae ranked as the second largest family of seed plants in China, following Asteraceae. The alien flora consisted of 326 species from 109 genera, 20 tribes, and 8 subfamilies; cultivated plants constituted the majority (69%). Among the native species, the subfamilies Pooideae (746 species, 74 genera) and Bambusoideae (712 species, 46 genera) were the two most species-rich. At the genus level, Bambusa (99 species) and Elymus (96 species) were the two largest genera in terms of species number. The centers of generic and species diversity for native Poaceae were located in Southwestern and Southern China, which harbor 92% of genera and 76% of species nationwide. Regarding conservation status, there were 29 national key protected wild species (from 21 genera), 54 threatened species (from 31 genera), and 16 provincial protected species (from 15 genera). The top 15 herbaria collectively house 73% of all Poaceae specimens in China, and most of these herbaria were affiliated with institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, specimen collections were concentrated in large genera and widely distributed species, while collections of oligotypic genera and narrow-range endemic species remained relatively insufficient. 

Conclusion: This study updates the checklist of Poaceae species in China, analyzes the characteristics of their diversity, and summarizes the status of specimen preservation and collection. It can serve as a scientific basis for taxonomic and phylogenetic research, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable utilization of Poaceae resources.

Key words: China, Poaceae, biodiversity, checklist, specimen collection

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