生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 44-52.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07021

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南鹦哥岭地区的鱼类物种多样性与分布特点

陈辈乐1,*(), 陈湘粦2   

  1. 1 嘉道理农场暨植物园, 香港新界
    2 华南师范大学生命科学学院, 广州 510631
  • 收稿日期:2007-09-02 接受日期:2007-11-29 出版日期:2008-01-27 发布日期:2008-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈辈乐
  • 作者简介:*E-mail:boscokf@kfbg.org

Species diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes at Mt. Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China

Bosco Pui Lok Chan1,*(), Xianglin Chen2   

  1. 1 Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, China Programme, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
    2 School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631
  • Received:2007-09-02 Accepted:2007-11-29 Online:2008-01-27 Published:2008-01-27
  • Contact: Bosco Pui Lok Chan

摘要:

作者分别于2001年和2005年对海南中部鹦哥岭的鱼类进行了实地调查, 记录到62种鱼类, 其中23种为鹦哥岭地区新记录种。结合文献资料, 该地区共记载有淡水鱼类7目20科59属75种(含亚种), 占海南岛已知淡水鱼类的70.8%; 海南特有种16个, 占海南特有淡水鱼类的80.0%。鱼类群落中以山区溪流性小型鱼类为主。鹦哥岭南北两坡(南坡昌化江流域, 北坡南渡江流域)共有的鱼类共36属42种, 占鹦哥岭纯淡水鱼类总种数的60.0%。但两坡的鱼类组成存在一定差异: 昌化江流域以山区溪流性鱼类为主, 南渡江流域则较多平原江河性物种。利用多样性指数, 得出鹦哥岭鱼类物种多样性最高的是南渡江流域的南开河和昌化江流域万冲河段的支流。鱼类的垂直分布集中在海拔200-600 m的中低海拔水体, 海拔600 m以上鱼类稀少, 而在900 m以上没有发现鱼类。有关部门近年已在鹦哥岭建立自然保护区, 为有效保护珍贵的鱼类资源, 按照当地鱼类水平和垂直分布特点划定鱼类重点保护河段是十分必要的。

关键词: 鱼类, 多样性, 分布, 鹦哥岭, 昌化江, 南渡江, 海南

Abstract

Recent fish surveys at Mt. Yinggeling in the interior of Hainan Island recorded 62 species, including 23 new to the area. Together with literature records, a total of 75 species or subspecies in 59 genera, 20 families and seven orders are now known from the Yinggeling area, representing 70.8% of the known freshwater ichthyofauna and 80.0% of the known endemic fish species of the island. The fish fauna was dominated by rheophilic hillstream species. The northern slope (Nandujiang catchment) and the southern slope (Changhuajiang catchment) shared 42 species in 36 genera (60.0% of total species), but the Nandujiang supports more species characteristic of floodplain while the Changhuajiang is dominated by hillstream species. Various diversity indices revealed that the Nankai River of the Nandujiang catchment and tributaries of the Wanchong section of the Changhuajiang are the best preserved sites with high fish diversity. Fishes concentrated in low- to mid-altitude streams and were rarely encountered above 600 m asl; none was found above 900 m asl. Yinggeling has recently been designated as a nature reserve, and it is crucial to identify sites of high conservation value based on current diversity and distribution patterns, and implement effective conservation measures for the long-term survival of its rich fish fauna.

Key words: fishes, diversity, distribution, Yinggeling, Hainan, China