中国禾本科植物多样性及其物种名录

doi:10.17520/biods.2025438

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25438. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025438 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025438

中国禾本科植物多样性及其物种名录

刘昊¹^,²^,³(), 张玉霄⁴(), 刘冰¹^,²^,³(), 李飞飞⁵^,⁶(), 马洪峥⁷(), 覃海宁¹^,²^,³, 李德铢⁸(), 陈文俐¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹ 中国科学院植物研究所植物多样性与特色经济作物全国重点实验室, 北京 100093
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³ 国家植物园, 北京 100093
⁴ 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
⁵ 北京市植物园管理处, 北京 100093
⁶ 植物迁地保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁷ 天津农学院园艺园林学院, 天津 300392
⁸ 山东农业大学林学院生物多样性交叉研究中心, 山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2025-11-03 接受日期:2026-01-17 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-06
通讯作者: *E-mail: chenwl@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31970207);中国科学院战略生物资源计划生物分类岗位科学家项目(CAS-TAX-24-011)

Diversity and checklist of grasses (Poaceae) in China

Hao Liu¹^,²^,³(), Yuxiao Zhang⁴(), Bing Liu¹^,²^,³(), Feifei Li⁵^,⁶(), Hongzheng Ma⁷(), Haining Qin¹^,²^,³, Dezhu Li⁸(), Wenli Chen¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
⁴ College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
⁵ Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
⁶ Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex situ Conservation, Beijing 100093, China
⁷ College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
⁸ Center for Interdisciplinary Biodiversity Research & College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China

Received:2025-11-03 Accepted:2026-01-17 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-06
Contact: *E-mail: chenwl@ibcas.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970207);Biological Resources Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-TAX-24-011)

1. 附录.pdf(1395KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过全面收集、整理中国禾本科植物物种信息, 本文更新了中国禾本科植物物种名录, 系统分析了禾本科植物多样性的分布特点, 总结了禾本科植物标本的保存和采集现状。物种数据统计发现: (1)中国现有禾本科植物10亚科37族283属2,304种, 其中本土物种数包括10亚科34族232属1,978种(含12个特有属和1,028个特有种), 仅次于菊科, 位列中国种子植物第二大科。在本土物种中, 早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)含74属746种, 竹亚科(Bambusoideae)含46属712种, 是物种数最丰富的两个亚科; 簕竹属(Bambusa, 99种)和披碱草属(Elymus, 96种)是物种数最丰富的两个大属。外来物种涉及8亚科20族109属326种, 其中栽培植物占比69%。中国本土禾本科植物的属、种多样性中心位于西南及华南地区, 集中分布了全国92%的本土属和76%的本土种。(2)中国现有国家重点保护禾本科植物21属29种, 省级重点保护禾本科植物15属16种, 受威胁物种31属54种。(3)排名前15位的标本馆其馆藏禾本科标本数合计占全国禾本科植物标本的73%, 这些标本馆主要隶属中国科学院各机构; 现有禾本科植物标本采集多集中于大属和广布种, 而寡种属和狭域分布的特有种采集相对不足。本研究可为禾本科植物的分类、系统学、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用等方面提供基础数据。

关键词: 中国, 禾本科, 生物多样性, 名录, 标本采集

Abstract

Aims: In recent years, molecular phylogenetic studies have prompted some changes in the names and taxonomic status of genera and species of Poaceae in China. Concurrently, the digitization of specimen information has provided vast amounts of species distribution data. Therefore, it is necessary to consolidate these changes to update the checklist of Poaceae in China and to investigate the diversity composition and distribution patterns of Chinese Poaceae from multiple perspectives.
Methods: Based on data collected from references such as Flora of China and the Catalogue of Life China: 2025 Annual Checklist, as well as online databases including the Tropicos, and combined with species distribution records obtained from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and field investigations, we update the checklist of Poaceae in China and provide a statistical analysis of its composition and distribution.
Results: The statistical results indicate that there are 2,304 species of Poaceae in China, belonging to 283 genera, 37 tribes, and 10 subfamilies. Among these, native species account for 1,978, which belonging to 232 genera, 34 tribes, and 10 subfamilies (including 12 endemic genera and 1,028 endemic species). With this native species richness, Poaceae ranks as the second largest family of seed plants in China, following Asteraceae. The alien flora consists of 326 species from 109 genera, 20 tribes, and 8 subfamilies; cultivated plants constitute the majority (69%). Among the native species, the subfamilies Pooideae (746 species, 74 genera) and Bambusoideae (712 species, 46 genera) are the two most species-rich. At the genus level, Bambusa (99 species) and Elymus (96 species) are the two largest genera in terms of species number. The centers of generic and species diversity for native Poaceae are located in Southwestern and Southern China, which harbor 92% of genera and 76% of species nationwide. Regarding conservation status, there are 29 national key protected wild species (from 21 genera), 16 provincial protected species (from 15 genera), and 54 threatened species (from 31 genera). The top 15 herbaria collectively house 73% of all Poaceae specimens in China, and most of these herbaria are affiliated with institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, specimen collections are concentrated in large genera and widely distributed species, while collections of oligotypic genera and narrow-range endemic species remain relatively insufficient.
Conclusion: This study updates the checklist of Poaceae species in China, analyzes the characteristics of their diversity, and summarizes the status of specimen preservation and collection. It can serve as a scientific basis for taxonomic and phylogenetic research, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable utilization of Poaceae resources.

Key words: China, Poaceae, biodiversity, checklist, specimen collection

刘昊, 张玉霄, 刘冰, 李飞飞, 马洪峥, 覃海宁, 李德铢, 陈文俐 (2026) 中国禾本科植物多样性及其物种名录. 生物多样性, 34, 25438. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025438.

Hao Liu, Yuxiao Zhang, Bing Liu, Feifei Li, Hongzheng Ma, Haining Qin, Dezhu Li, Wenli Chen (2026) Diversity and checklist of grasses (Poaceae) in China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25438. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025438.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025438

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I4/25438

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主要支系 Major clades	亚科 Subfamilies	族 Tribes		属 Genera		物种 Species
主要支系 Major clades	亚科 Subfamilies	N	A	N	A	N	A
Basal Clade	原禾亚科 Pharoideae	1 (1)	0	1 (3)	0	1 (12)	0
BOP	稻亚科 Oryzoideae	1 (4)	2	5 (19)	3	12 (117)	5
BOP	竹亚科 Bambusoideae	2 (3)	2	46 (136)	23	712 (1,698)	66
BOP	早熟禾亚科 Pooideae	12 (15)	6	74 (219)	37	746 (4,126)	123
PACMAD	三芒草亚科 Aristidoideae	1 (1)	0	2 (3)	0	12 (367)	0
PACMAD	黍亚科 Panicoideae	7 (14)	4	68 (242)	30	351 (3,325)	93
PACMAD	芦竹亚科 Arundinoideae	3 (3)	1	4 (14)	2	7 (36)	2
PACMAD	澳禾亚科 Micrairoideae	2 (3)	1	4 (9)	1	22 (192)	1
PACMAD	扁芒草亚科 Danthonioideae	1 (1)	1	2 (19)	2	4 (292)	2
PACMAD	虎尾草亚科 Chloridoideae	4 (5)	3	26 (121)	11	111 (1,603)	34
合计 Total		34 (54)	20	232 (789)	109	1,978 (11,783)	326
去重统计 Unique count	10	37		283		2,304

主要支系 Major clades	亚科 Subfamilies	族 Tribes		属 Genera		物种 Species
主要支系 Major clades	亚科 Subfamilies	N	A	N	A	N	A
Basal Clade	原禾亚科 Pharoideae	1 (1)	0	1 (3)	0	1 (12)	0
BOP	稻亚科 Oryzoideae	1 (4)	2	5 (19)	3	12 (117)	5
BOP	竹亚科 Bambusoideae	2 (3)	2	46 (136)	23	712 (1,698)	66
BOP	早熟禾亚科 Pooideae	12 (15)	6	74 (219)	37	746 (4,126)	123
PACMAD	三芒草亚科 Aristidoideae	1 (1)	0	2 (3)	0	12 (367)	0
PACMAD	黍亚科 Panicoideae	7 (14)	4	68 (242)	30	351 (3,325)	93
PACMAD	芦竹亚科 Arundinoideae	3 (3)	1	4 (14)	2	7 (36)	2
PACMAD	澳禾亚科 Micrairoideae	2 (3)	1	4 (9)	1	22 (192)	1
PACMAD	扁芒草亚科 Danthonioideae	1 (1)	1	2 (19)	2	4 (292)	2
PACMAD	虎尾草亚科 Chloridoideae	4 (5)	3	26 (121)	11	111 (1,603)	34
合计 Total		34 (54)	20	232 (789)	109	1,978 (11,783)	326
去重统计 Unique count	10	37		283		2,304

族 Tribes	物种数 No. of species	%	属 Genera	物种数 No. of species	%
1. 北美箭竹族 Arundinarieae	511	25.8	1. 簕竹属 Bambusa	99	5.0
2. 早熟禾族 Poeae	367	18.6	2. 披碱草属 Elymus	96	4.9
3. 高粱族 Andropogoneae	201	10.2	3. 箭竹属 Fargesia	94	4.8
4. 簕竹族 Bambuseae	201	10.2	4. 玉山竹属 Yushania	91	4.6
5. 小麦族 Triticeae	185	9.4	5. 早熟禾属 Poa	82	4.1
6. 黍族 Paniceae	109	5.5	6. 刚竹属 Phyllostachys	63	3.2
7. 针茅族 Stipeae	88	4.4	7. 碱茅属 Puccinellia	55	2.8
8. 狗牙根族 Cynodonteae	57	2.9	8. 羊茅属 Festuca	55	2.8
9. 雀麦族 Bromeae	51	2.6	9. 雀麦属 Bromus	51	2.6
10. 画眉草族 Eragrostideae	36	1.8	10. 方竹属 Chimonobambusa	48	2.4
合计 Total	1,806	91.4	合计 Total	734	37.2

族 Tribes	物种数 No. of species	%	属 Genera	物种数 No. of species	%
1. 北美箭竹族 Arundinarieae	511	25.8	1. 簕竹属 Bambusa	99	5.0
2. 早熟禾族 Poeae	367	18.6	2. 披碱草属 Elymus	96	4.9
3. 高粱族 Andropogoneae	201	10.2	3. 箭竹属 Fargesia	94	4.8
4. 簕竹族 Bambuseae	201	10.2	4. 玉山竹属 Yushania	91	4.6
5. 小麦族 Triticeae	185	9.4	5. 早熟禾属 Poa	82	4.1
6. 黍族 Paniceae	109	5.5	6. 刚竹属 Phyllostachys	63	3.2
7. 针茅族 Stipeae	88	4.4	7. 碱茅属 Puccinellia	55	2.8
8. 狗牙根族 Cynodonteae	57	2.9	8. 羊茅属 Festuca	55	2.8
9. 雀麦族 Bromeae	51	2.6	9. 雀麦属 Bromus	51	2.6
10. 画眉草族 Eragrostideae	36	1.8	10. 方竹属 Chimonobambusa	48	2.4
合计 Total	1,806	91.4	合计 Total	734	37.2

本文 This study
新属 New genera
1. 异燕麦属 Helictochloa^*	隶属于山燕麦属 Genus previously included in Helictotrichon	Romero-Zarco, 2011
2. 痕花黍属 Hildaea	隶属于距花黍属 Genus previously included in Ichnanthus	Silva et al., 2015
3. 纪如竹属 Hsuehochloa^*	隶属于悬竹属 Genus previously included in Ampelocalamus	Zhang et al., 2018
4. 以礼竹属 Kengiochloa^*	隶属于矢竹属 Genus previously included in Pseudosasa	Tong et al., 2023
5. 新芨芨草属(新拟) Neotrinia^*	隶属于芨芨草属 Genus previously included in Achnatherum	Nobis et al., 2019
6. 雷文竹属 Ravenochloa^*	隶属于箬竹属 Genus previously included in Indocalamus	Zhang et al., 2020
7. 三毛草属 Sibirotrisetum^*	隶属于穗三毛草属 Genus previously included in Trisetum	Barberá et al., 2020
8. 华赤竹属 Sinosasa^*	隶属于赤竹属 Genus previously included in Sasa	Qin et al., 2021
9. 头梨竹属 Stapletonia	新属 New genus	Dash et al., 2009
10. 坚丛草属(新拟) Tenaxia	隶属于扁芒草属 Genus previously included in Danthonia	Linder et al., 2010
11. 棉花竹属 Tongpeia^*	隶属于箭竹属 Genus previously included in Fargesia	Stapleton, 2021
12. 斑茅属(新拟) Tripidium	隶属于甘蔗属 Genus previously included in Saccharum	Valdés & Scholz, 2006
13. 绿燕麦属(新拟) Trisetopsis	隶属于山燕麦属 Genus previously included in Helictotrichon	Wölk & Röser, 2013
14. 茨燕麦属(新拟) Tzveleviochloa	隶属于山燕麦属 Genus previously included in Helictotrichon	Wölk & Röser, 2017
15. 高异燕麦属 ×Trisetopsotrichon	隶属于山燕麦属 Genus previously included in Helictotrichon	Wölk & Röser, 2017
恢复属 Resurrected genera
1. 类早熟禾属 Arctopoa^*	隶属于早熟禾属 Genus previously included in Poa	Soreng et al., 2015
2. 曲芒发草属 Avenella	隶属于发草属 Genus previously included in Deschampsia	Soreng et al., 2015
3. 巴山木竹属 Bashania^*	隶属于北美箭竹属 Genus previously included in Arundinaria	Vorontsova et al., 2016
4. 短穗竹属 Brachystachyum	隶属于业平竹属 Genus previously included in Semiarundinaria	Zhang et al., 2020
5. 小沿沟草属 Catabrosella	隶属于拟沿沟草属 Genus previously included in Colpodium	Soreng et al., 2015
6. 肿节竹属 Clavinodum	隶属于少穗竹属 Genus previously included in Oligostachyum	Niu et al., 2025
7. 假拟沿沟草 Paracolpodium	隶属于拟沿沟草属 Genus previously included in Colpodium	Soreng et al., 2015
8. 茅针属 Patis^*	隶属于芨芨草属 Genus previously included in Achnatherum	Romaschenko et al., 2011
9. 冷箭竹属 Sarocalamus	隶属于北美箭竹属 Genus previously included in Arundinaria	Vorontsova et al., 2016
10. 华箬竹属 Sasamorpha	隶属于箬竹属 Genus previously included in Indocalamus	Vorontsova et al., 2016
归并属 Merged genera
1. 凤头黍属 Acroceras (=Setiacis^*)	刺毛头黍属 Setiacis	Soreng et al., 2022
2. 蒺藜草属 Cenchrus^* (=Pennisetum^*)	狼尾草属 Pennisetum	Chemisquy et al., 2010
3. 鼠尾粟属 Sporobolus^* (=Crypsis)	隐花草属 Crypsis	Peterson et al., 2014
4. 尾稃草属 Urochloa^* (=Brachiaria^*)	臂形草属 Brachiaria	Soreng et al., 2015
新记录属 Newly recorded genera
1. 穗燕麦属(新拟) Acrospelion	新组合 New combination	Barberá et al., 2025
2. 多枝竹属 Holttumochloa^*	新物种 New species	Zhou et al., 2017
3. 五须芒属 Pentapogon	新组合 New combination	Peterson et al., 2022
4. 雅竹属 Temochloa^*	新物种 New species	Cai et al. 2024

中国禾本科植物多样性及其物种名录

Diversity and checklist of grasses (Poaceae) in China

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