生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24260.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024260  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024260

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系

龚翠凤1,2, 韦伟1, 罗概2, 韩一敏2, 吴鹏程2, 何梦楠2*, 闵清悦2, 付强3, 陈鹏2
  

  1. 1. 西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637009; 2. 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 成都 610086; 3. 大熊猫国家公园崇州管护总站, 四川崇州 611239
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-26 修回日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 何梦楠

Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

Cuifeng Gong1,2, Wei Wei1, Gai Luo2, Yimin Han2, Pengcheng Wu2, Mengnan He2*, Qingyue Min2, Qiang Fu3, Peng Chen2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife and Plant Resources Protection (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China 

    2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610086, China 

    3 Chongzhou Main Station of Giant Panda National Park, Chongzhou, Sichuan 611239, China

  • Received:2024-06-26 Revised:2024-10-18 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-16
  • Contact: Mengnan He

PDF (PC)

35

摘要： 空间生态位分化是生物多样性维持的重要机制之一。为了解大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类的空间生态位分化情况, 本文于2021年10月至2022年3月在该区域布设了56台红外相机, 采用单季节单物种占域模型计算域内主要6种有蹄类动物的占域率, 包括毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)和小麂(Muntiacus reevesi), 分析其空间分布情况, 并进一步采用单季节双物种占域模型计算这些物种间的物种相互作用因子(species interaction factor, SIF)值, 探究它们的空间共存关系。结果显示: (1)毛冠鹿具有最高的空间占域率(0.61), 野猪次之(0.55), 水鹿、扭角羚和中华斑羚分别为0.44、0.41和0.11, 小麂占域率最低(0.05); (2)有蹄类动物的占域率受到环境变量的影响, 其中海拔是影响上述6种有蹄类动物分布的主要因素; (3)在空间共存关系上, 水鹿与除野猪外的其他有蹄类不存在明显回避, 毛冠鹿与野猪和扭角羚之间也不存在明显回避, 而其他物种相互之间空间分布更多呈回避关系。研究结果表明环境因素影响着崇州区域有蹄类物种的空间生态位, 同时, 物种间的空间分布格局显著影响了同域分布动物的共存机制及种间竞争关系。本研究为保护和管理大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物提供了重要的科学依据, 突出了在物种多样性保护中考虑空间生态位分化的重要性。

关键词: 空间生态位分化, 有蹄类动物, 红外相机, 占域模型

Abstract

Aims: Spatial ecological niche differentiation is a crucial mechanism for biodiversity maintenance. The ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park are numerous and widely distributed, but their spatial ecological niche differentiation remains unclear. The objective of our study is to analyze the ungulates spatial distribution and their spatial coexistence. 

Methods: A survey on ungulates was conducted using 56 camera traps near Chongzhou, China from October 2021 to March 2022. To analyze species spatial distributions, we used single-species single season model to calculate the occupancy rates of six main local ungulate species including Sus scrofa, Elaphodus cephalophus, Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus, and Muntiacus reevesi. Further, two-species single season model was used to calculate the species interaction factors (SIF) between these species to explore their spatial coexistence. 

Results: We found that (1) Elaphodus cephalophus had the highest spatial occupancy rate (0.61) followed by Sus scrofa (0.55), and Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus with 0.44, 0.42, and 0.11, respectively, while Muntiacus reevesi had the lowest occupancy rate (0.05); (2) The occupancy rate of ungulates was affected by environmental variables, with elevation being the highest-ranking factor; (3) There was no significant avoidance between Rusa unicolor and other ungulates in terms of spatial co-existence except Sus scrofa, nor between Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa, Budorcas taxicolor, whereas the other species were more avoidant in their spatial distributions to each other. 

Conclusions: Our results suggest environmental factors influence the spatial ecological position of ungulates, while spatial distribution patterns among species significantly affect the coexistence mechanism and interspecific competition among animals distributed in the same area. We provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park. Further, our research highlights the importance of considering spatial ecological niche differentiation in species diversity conservation.

Key words: spatial ecological niche differentiation, ungulates, camera trap, occupancy model

备案号：京ICP备16067583号-7
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《生物多样性》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编：100093
电话: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn