大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系

doi:10.17520/biods.2024260

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24260. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024260 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024260

• 研究报告:动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系

龚翠凤¹^,², 韦伟¹, 罗概², 韩一敏², 吴鹏程², 何梦楠²^,^*(), 闵清悦², 付强³, 陈鹏²

1.西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637009
2.成都大熊猫繁育研究基地四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 成都 610086
3.大熊猫国家公园崇州管护总站, 四川崇州 611239

收稿日期:2024-06-26 接受日期:2024-10-22 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-04-16
通讯作者: *E-mail: hemengnan816@126.com
基金资助:
成都市科技项目重点研发支撑项目(2022-YF09-00019-SN);成都市科技项目重点研发支撑项目(2023-YF09-00017-SN);国家林业和草原局国际合作资金项目(护动函〔2023〕94号)

Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

Gong Cuifeng¹^,², Wei Wei¹, Luo Gai², Han Yimin², Wu Pengcheng², He Mengnan²^,^*(), Min Qingyue², Fu Qiang³, Chen Peng²

1 Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife and Plant Resources Protection (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610086, China
3 Chongzhou Main Station of Giant Panda National Park, Chongzhou, Sichuan 611239, China

Received:2024-06-26 Accepted:2024-10-22 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-16
Contact: *E-mail: hemengnan816@126.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Support Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2022-YF09-00019-SN);Key R&D Support Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Program(2023-YF09-00017-SN);International Cooperation Project of National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA)(护动函〔2023〕94号)

1. 附录.pdf(530KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 空间生态位分化是生物多样性维持的重要机制之一。为了解大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类的空间生态位分化情况, 本文于2021年10月至2022年3月在该区域布设了56台红外相机, 采用单季节单物种占域模型计算域内主要6种有蹄类动物的占域率, 包括毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)和小麂(Muntiacus reevesi), 分析其空间分布情况, 并进一步采用单季节双物种占域模型计算这些物种间的物种相互作用因子(species interaction factor, SIF)值, 探究它们的空间共存关系。结果显示: (1)毛冠鹿具有最高的空间占域率(0.61), 野猪次之(0.55), 水鹿、扭角羚和中华斑羚分别为0.44、0.41和0.11, 小麂占域率最低(0.05); (2)有蹄类动物的占域率受到环境变量的影响, 其中海拔是影响上述6种有蹄类动物分布的主要因素; (3)在空间共存关系上, 水鹿与除野猪外的其他有蹄类不存在明显回避, 毛冠鹿与野猪和扭角羚之间也不存在明显回避, 而其他物种相互之间空间分布更多呈回避关系。研究结果表明环境因素影响着崇州区域有蹄类物种的空间生态位, 同时, 物种间的空间分布格局显著影响了同域分布动物的共存机制及种间竞争关系。本研究为保护和管理大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物提供了重要的科学依据, 突出了在物种多样性保护中考虑空间生态位分化的重要性。

关键词: 空间生态位分化, 有蹄类动物, 红外相机, 占域模型

Abstract

Aims: Spatial ecological niche differentiation is a crucial mechanism for biodiversity maintenance. The ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park are numerous and widely distributed, but their spatial ecological niche differentiation remains unclear. The objective of our study is to analyze the ungulates spatial distribution and their spatial coexistence.
Methods: A survey on ungulates was conducted using 56 camera traps near Chongzhou, China from October 2021 to March 2022. To analyze species spatial distributions, we used single-species single season model to calculate the occupancy rates of six main local ungulate species including Sus scrofa, Elaphodus cephalophus, Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus, and Muntiacus reevesi. Further, two-species single season model was used to calculate the species interaction factors (SIF) between these species to explore their spatial coexistence.
Results: We found that (1) Elaphodus cephalophus had the highest spatial occupancy rate (0.61) followed by Sus scrofa (0.55), and Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus with 0.44, 0.42, and 0.11, respectively, while Muntiacus reevesi had the lowest occupancy rate (0.05); (2) The occupancy rate of ungulates was affected by environmental variables, with elevation being the highest-ranking factor; (3) There was no significant avoidance between Rusa unicolor and other ungulates in terms of spatial co-existence except Sus scrofa, nor between Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa, Budorcas taxicolor, whereas the other species were more avoidant in their spatial distributions to each other.
Conclusions: Our results suggest environmental factors influence the spatial ecological position of ungulates, while spatial distribution patterns among species significantly affect the coexistence mechanism and interspecific competition among animals distributed in the same area. We provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park. Further, our research highlights the importance of considering spatial ecological niche differentiation in species diversity conservation.

Key words: spatial ecological niche differentiation, ungulates, camera trap, occupancy model

龚翠凤, 韦伟, 罗概, 韩一敏, 吴鹏程, 何梦楠, 闵清悦, 付强, 陈鹏 (2025) 大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系. 生物多样性, 33, 24260. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024260.

Gong Cuifeng, Wei Wei, Luo Gai, Han Yimin, Wu Pengcheng, He Mengnan, Min Qingyue, Fu Qiang, Chen Peng (2025) Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24260. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024260.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024260

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I3/24260

图/表 6

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模型 Model	AIC	ΔAIC	AICwgt	No.par.	psi	LowerCL(psi)	UpperCL(psi)
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus
psi(EL)p(.)	565.53	0.00	0.14	3	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + SL)p(.)	566.50	0.97	0.09	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + WA)p(.)	566.99	1.46	0.07	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	567.30	1.77	0.06	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + AS)p(.)	567.42	1.89	0.06	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + RO)p(.)	567.50	1.97	0.05	4	0.62	0.55	0.68
psi(.)p(.)	576.59	11.06	0.00	2	0.61	0.48	0.73
模型平均 Model average					0.61	0.55	0.68
野猪 Sus scrofa
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	443.91	0.00	0.17	4	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	445.41	1.50	0.08	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + RO + ND)p(.)	445.81	1.90	0.07	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + AS + ND)p(.)	445.82	1.91	0.07	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + SL + ND)p(.)	445.84	1.93	0.06	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(.)p(.)	468.02	24.11	0.00	2	0.55	0.41	0.68
模型平均 Model average					0.55	0.46	0.64
水鹿 Rusa unicolor
psi(EL + AS + WA + ND)p(.)	436.71	0.00	0.17	6	0.44	0.37	0.52
psi(EL + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	436.95	0.24	0.15	6	0.44	0.36	0.51
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	437.27	0.55	0.13	5	0.44	0.37	0.52
psi(EL + AS + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	437.62	0.90	0.11	7	0.44	0.36	0.52
psi(.)p(.)	449.44	12.73	0.00	2	0.44	0.31	0.57
模型平均 Model average					0.44	0.37	0.51
扭角羚 Budorcas taxicolor
psi(EL + SL + AS + RO)p(.)	159.64	0.00	0.39	6	0.41	0.23	0.53
psi(.)p(.)	171.95	12.31	0.00	2	0.28	0.15	0.45
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	91.63	0.00	0.16	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(WA + ND)p(.)	91.84	0.02	0.15	4	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(SL + WA + ND)p(.)	93.15	1.52	0.08	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(EL + SL + WA + ND)p(.)	93.27	1.64	0.07	6	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(AS + WA + ND)p(.)	93.33	1.69	0.07	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(EL + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	93.34	1.70	0.07	6	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(WA + RO + ND)p(.)	93.38	1.75	0.07	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(.)p(.)	108.90	17.27	0.00	2	0.11	0.05	0.23
模型平均 Model average					0.11	0.05	0.17
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi
psi(EL)p(.)	72.78	0.00	0.11	3	0.05	0.05	0.07
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	74.14	1.36	0.06	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(.)p(.)	74.47	1.69	0.05	2	0.05	0.02	0.15
psi(EL + RO)p(.)	74.53	1.75	0.05	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(EL + AS)p(.)	74.64	1.86	0.04	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(EL + SL)p(.)	74.74	1.96	0.04	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
模型平均 Model average					0.05	0.04	0.07

模型 Model	AIC	ΔAIC	AICwgt	No.par.	psi	LowerCL(psi)	UpperCL(psi)
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus
psi(EL)p(.)	565.53	0.00	0.14	3	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + SL)p(.)	566.50	0.97	0.09	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + WA)p(.)	566.99	1.46	0.07	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	567.30	1.77	0.06	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + AS)p(.)	567.42	1.89	0.06	4	0.61	0.55	0.68
psi(EL + RO)p(.)	567.50	1.97	0.05	4	0.62	0.55	0.68
psi(.)p(.)	576.59	11.06	0.00	2	0.61	0.48	0.73
模型平均 Model average					0.61	0.55	0.68
野猪 Sus scrofa
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	443.91	0.00	0.17	4	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	445.41	1.50	0.08	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + RO + ND)p(.)	445.81	1.90	0.07	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + AS + ND)p(.)	445.82	1.91	0.07	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(EL + SL + ND)p(.)	445.84	1.93	0.06	5	0.55	0.46	0.64
psi(.)p(.)	468.02	24.11	0.00	2	0.55	0.41	0.68
模型平均 Model average					0.55	0.46	0.64
水鹿 Rusa unicolor
psi(EL + AS + WA + ND)p(.)	436.71	0.00	0.17	6	0.44	0.37	0.52
psi(EL + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	436.95	0.24	0.15	6	0.44	0.36	0.51
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	437.27	0.55	0.13	5	0.44	0.37	0.52
psi(EL + AS + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	437.62	0.90	0.11	7	0.44	0.36	0.52
psi(.)p(.)	449.44	12.73	0.00	2	0.44	0.31	0.57
模型平均 Model average					0.44	0.37	0.51
扭角羚 Budorcas taxicolor
psi(EL + SL + AS + RO)p(.)	159.64	0.00	0.39	6	0.41	0.23	0.53
psi(.)p(.)	171.95	12.31	0.00	2	0.28	0.15	0.45
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus
psi(EL + WA + ND)p(.)	91.63	0.00	0.16	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(WA + ND)p(.)	91.84	0.02	0.15	4	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(SL + WA + ND)p(.)	93.15	1.52	0.08	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(EL + SL + WA + ND)p(.)	93.27	1.64	0.07	6	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(AS + WA + ND)p(.)	93.33	1.69	0.07	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(EL + WA + RO + ND)p(.)	93.34	1.70	0.07	6	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(WA + RO + ND)p(.)	93.38	1.75	0.07	5	0.11	0.05	0.17
psi(.)p(.)	108.90	17.27	0.00	2	0.11	0.05	0.23
模型平均 Model average					0.11	0.05	0.17
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi
psi(EL)p(.)	72.78	0.00	0.11	3	0.05	0.05	0.07
psi(EL + ND)p(.)	74.14	1.36	0.06	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(.)p(.)	74.47	1.69	0.05	2	0.05	0.02	0.15
psi(EL + RO)p(.)	74.53	1.75	0.05	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(EL + AS)p(.)	74.64	1.86	0.04	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
psi(EL + SL)p(.)	74.74	1.96	0.04	4	0.05	0.04	0.07
模型平均 Model average					0.05	0.04	0.07

物种 Species	EL	SL	AS	WA	RO	ND
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	0.47	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.06
野猪 Sus scrofa	0.45	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.45
水鹿 Rusa unicolor	0.56	0.00	0.28	0.56	0.26	0.56
扭角羚 Budorcas taxicolor	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.00	0.39	0.00
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	0.30	0.15	0.07	0.60	0.14	0.67
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	0.30	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.05	0.06

物种 Species	EL	SL	AS	WA	RO	ND
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	0.47	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.06
野猪 Sus scrofa	0.45	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.45
水鹿 Rusa unicolor	0.56	0.00	0.28	0.56	0.26	0.56
扭角羚 Budorcas taxicolor	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.00	0.39	0.00
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	0.30	0.15	0.07	0.60	0.14	0.67
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi	0.30	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.05	0.06

协变量 Covariate	毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	野猪 Sus scrofa	水鹿 Rusa unicolor	扭角羚 Budorcas taxicolor	中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	小麂 Muntiacus reevesi
海拔 Elevation	-1.15 (0.41)*	-1.32 (0.70)	1.45 (0.59)*	24.16 (17.31)	-0.88 (1.59)	-1.94 (1.80)
坡度 Slope	0.06 (0.20)	0.10 (0.36)	-	-1.97 (2.37)	0.11 (0.41)	0.01 (0.21)
坡向 Aspect	-0.01 (0.12)	-0.22 (0.45)	0.25 (0.39)	11.17 (7.88)	-0.05 (0.28)	-0.03 (0.25)
距水源距离 Distance to the source of water	0.04 (0.18)	-0.76 (0.48)	-1.39 (0.50)**	-	-5.65 (3.07)	-
距道路距离 Distance to the road	0.01 (0.11)	-0.13 (0.40)	-0.21 (0.36)	5.20 (3.88)	0.07 (0.32)	-0.04 (0.29)
归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	0.03 (0.17)	2.84 (1.27)*	1.32 (0.54)*	-	-5.22 (2.80)	0.26 (1.13)

大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系

Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

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物种A-物种B Species A vs. species B	psiA (SE)	psiBA (SE)	psiBa (SE)
毛冠鹿-野猪 Elaphodus cephalophus vs. Sus scrofa	0.74 (0.02)	0.63 (0.05)	0.50 (0.04)
毛冠鹿-水鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus vs. Rusa unicolor	0.64 (0.03)	0.58 (0.06)	0.36 (0.04)
毛冠鹿-中华斑羚 Elaphodus cephalophus vs. Naemorhedus griseus	0.74 (0.03)	0.36 (0.02)	0.33 (0.02)
毛冠鹿-小麂 Elaphodus cephalophus vs. Muntiacus reeves	0.62 (0.03)	0.05 (0.02)	0.03 (0.02)
野猪-水鹿 Sus scrofa vs. Rusa unicolor	0.73 (0.06)	0.42 (0.05)	0.30 (0.05)
野猪-扭角羚 Sus scrofa vs. Budorcas taxicolor	0.73 (0.06)	0.40 (0.03)	0.28 (0.03)
野猪-中华斑羚 Sus scrofa vs. Naemorhedus griseus	0.67 (0.06)	0.20 (0.04)	0.11 (0.03)
野猪-小麂 Sus scrofa vs. Muntiacus reeves	0.56 (0.05)	0.05 (0.02)	0.03 (0.02)
水鹿-中华斑羚 Rusa unicolor vs. Naemorhedus griseus	0.50 (0.04)	0.35 (0.04)	0.34 (0.04)
水鹿-小麂 Rusa unicolor vs. Muntiacus reeves	0.61 (0.04)	0.19 (0.02)	0.17 (0.03)
扭角羚-中华斑羚 Budorcas taxicolor vs. Naemorhedus griseus	0.48 (0.07)	0.09 (0.04)	0.05 (0.03)
扭角羚-小麂 Budorcas taxicolor vs. Muntiacus reeves	0.41 (0.06)	0.05 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)
中华斑羚-小麂 Naemorhedus griseus vs. Muntiacus reeves	0.13 (0.03)	0.06 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)

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