放牧干扰对王朗国家级自然保护区红腹角雉
时空分布特征的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025501

生物多样性

放牧干扰对王朗国家级自然保护区红腹角雉时空分布特征的影响

郭画¹，罗雨甜²，董译莉³，周铝¹，姚世贸¹，朱旭飞¹，田成^1*

1.山西农业大学林学院, 山西晋中 030801；2. 四川省王朗国家级自然保护区管理局, 四川绵阳 622550；3. 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-03-09 接受日期:2026-06-15
通讯作者: 田成
基金资助:
山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励基金((SXBYKY2021029)); 山西农业大学科技创新基金((2020BQ61))

Impact of grazing disturbance on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Tragopan temminckii in Wanglang National Nature Reserve

Hua Guo¹, Yutian Luo², Yili Dong³, Lü Zhou¹, Shimao Yao¹, Xufei Zhu¹, Cheng Tian¹

1.College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China

2.Wanglang National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 622550, China

3.College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-03-09 Accepted:2026-06-15
Contact: Cheng Tian
Supported by:
Excellent Doctoral Work Reward Fundation of Shanxi Province((SXBYKY2021029)); Technological Innovation Foundation of Shanxi Agricultural University((2020BQ61))

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 家畜放牧是威胁野生动物的重要因素之一, 明确野生动物对放牧干扰的响应对物种保护意义重大。自然保护区中散养的牛、马等家畜会破坏野生动物栖息地, 但关于家畜如何影响雉类时空分布格局的相关定量评估仍十分有限。本研究于2011–2015年选取四川王朗国家级自然保护区为研究区域, 以红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)和家畜(牛、马)为研究对象开展红外相机监测, 采用多物种占域模型(multi-species occupancy models)、核密度估计方法(kernel density estimation)和回避-吸引指数(avoidance-attraction ratios, AAR)探究家畜放牧对红腹角雉栖息地活动节律及占域的影响。结果显示, 在时间维度上, 红腹角雉的活动模式与家畜高度重叠(重叠系数∆₄ = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95), 行为上显著回避家畜(AAR = 3.17)。在空间维度上, 红腹角雉的边际占域率与灌木盖度(β = 0.16)、郁闭度(β = 0.06)呈正相关, 与凋落物(β = –0.36)、草本盖度(β = –0.41)、海拔(β = –0.20)、竹子盖度(β = –0.10)呈负相关; 家畜的边际占域率与郁闭度(β = 0.39)呈正相关, 与凋落物(β = –0.10)、距河流距离(β = –0.15)、海拔(β = –0.33)、灌木盖度(β = –0.54)、竹子盖度(β = –0.25)呈负相关。红腹角雉的栖息地利用同时受家畜以及其他生态因子的共同影响。家畜的存在改变了红腹角雉对竹子盖度、海拔和距河流距离的占域响应, 使其更倾向于利用竹子盖度较高、海拔较低且距河流较远的栖息地。我们建议对家畜放牧进行管控, 为王朗自然保护区雉类种群及栖息地的恢复提供支持。

关键词: 放牧干扰, 栖息地利用, 活动节律, 王朗保护区, 红外相机, 占域模型

Abstract

Aims: Livestock grazing is one of the primary threats to wildlife, and elucidating the responses of wildlife to grazing disturbance is crucial for species conservation. Free-ranging livestock such as cattle and horses in nature reserves can degrade wildlife habitats. However, quantitative assessments of how livestock influence the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of pheasants remain scarce.

Methods: From 2011 to 2015, we conducted this study at Wanglang National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. Camera trap surveys were implemented targeting Tragopan temminckii and livestock (cattle and horses). Multi-species occupancy models, kernel density estimation, and the avoidance-attraction ratios (AAR) were employed to investigate the effects of livestock grazing on the activity rhythm, habitat use, and occupancy of Tragopan temminckii.

Results: The results revealed that in the temporal dimension, the activity pattern of Tragopan temminckii overlapped highly with that of livestock (coefficient of overlap ∆₄ = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95), and the species exhibited significant behavioral avoidance of livestock (AAR = 3.17 ± 2.44). In the spatial dimension, the marginal occupancy probability of Tragopan temminckii was positively correlated with shrub coverage (β = 0.16) and canopy density (β = 0.06), but negatively correlated with litter thickness (β = –0.36), herb coverage (β = –0.41), altitude (β = –0.20), and bamboo coverage (β = –0.10). For livestock, the marginal occupancy probability was positively correlated with canopy density (β = 0.39) and negatively correlated with litter thickness (β = –0.10), distance to river (β = –0.15), altitude (β = –0.33), shrub coverage (β = –0.54), and bamboo coverage (β = –0.25). The habitat use of Tragopan temminckii was jointly affected by livestock and other ecological factors. The presence of livestock altered the occupancy response of Tragopan temminckii to bamboo coverage, altitude, and distance to river, driving the species to prefer habitats with higher bamboo coverage, lower altitude, and greater distance from river.

Conclusion: We propose that grazing management measures should be implemented to restore the diversity of the alpine ecosystem in Wanglang National Nature Reserve.

Key words: grazing disturbance, habitat use, activity rhythm, Wanglang National Nature Reserve, infrared camera, occupancy model

郭画, 罗雨甜, 董译莉, 周铝, 姚世贸, 朱旭飞, 田成. 放牧干扰对王朗国家级自然保护区红腹角雉时空分布特征的影响. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025501.

Hua Guo, Yutian Luo, Yili Dong, Lü Zhou, Shimao Yao, Xufei Zhu, Cheng Tian. Impact of grazing disturbance on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Tragopan temminckii in Wanglang National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025501.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025501

[1]	王倩倩, 陈孝国, 朱锐丰, 张明春, 王新, 李世林, 仁增江措, 彭武, 杨彪. 藏东南黑麝及其同域有蹄类物种的生态适应性差异[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(5): 25433-.
[2]	冯杰, 李彦知, 王书理, 李岚曦, 丁鹏飞, 吕冰薇, 孟吉, 史湘莹, 李雪阳. 西南山地有蹄类栖息地利用率多年变化及环境影响: 以关坝村红外相机监测为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(5): 25261-.
[3]	孔孜亦, 王德港, 王建涛, 裴志永, 孙晶, 张长春, 张军国. 基于SCD-HRNet模型的野生动物姿态估计及其在生物多样性监测中的应用: 以内蒙古赛罕乌拉地区为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25287-.
[4]	张同, 梁力文, 王长剑, 舒服, 王璐, 郭泽光, 卓玛曲珍, 钱芊, 蒋安莉, 敖俊杰, 彭兴文, 伍小刚, 向左甫, 郭克疾, 廖梓延. 基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种的季节性空间利用特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(4): 25435-.
[5]	周铝, 姚世贸, 赵战合, 郭画, 田成. 庞泉沟国家级自然保护区狍和野猪时空共存格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25327-.
[6]	岳可欣, 牛钟辉, 刘念, 徐琳, 吕韦韦, 徐茂宏, 崔绍朋. 山西历山三种同域分布食肉动物昼夜活动节律及与月光周期的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(9): 25084-.
[7]	周冯祥, 鲁夕霞, 雍李明, 曾千慧, 杨亮亮, 李平, 张语克, 王先艳. 鲸类动物声学监测研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24556-.
[8]	周铝, 郭画, 姚世贸, 田成. 王朗国家级自然保护区红腹角雉时空分布模式[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24537-.
[9]	李基才, 邵长亮, 高帅帅, 李佳. 新疆卡拉麦里国家公园候选区蒙古野驴夏季水源利用规律、活动范围和适宜生境分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24509-.
[10]	毛静, 王婧, 黄杰, 熊姝红, 张自亮, 张佑祥, 吴涛. 湖南高望界国家级自然保护区2021-2023年鸟兽多样性监测数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24489-.
[11]	黄定旭, 肖文宏, 白小节, 刘邦友, 黎源君, 梁盛, 肖治术, 刘伟. 赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区中小型食肉目动物昼夜活动节律的比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(6): 24376-.
[12]	罗敏, 杨永川, 靳程, 周礼华, 龙宇潇. 重庆中心城区城市森林兽类组成特征及其对人类活动的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24402-.
[13]	龚翠凤, 韦伟, 罗概, 韩一敏, 吴鹏程, 何梦楠, 闵清悦, 付强, 陈鹏. 大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物空间分布及共存关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24260-.
[14]	王大伟, 程帅, 冯佳伟, 王天明. 东北地区张广才岭2015-2020年野生动物红外相机监测数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24384-.
[15]	汪锦辉, 刘宝权, 周晓, 梁子安, 孔令伟, 方卫军, 孙晗靖, 金挺浩, 厉亮, 何珂, 朱振贤. 基于红外相机监测的杭州市鸟兽多样性分析与优先保护关键区域评估[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(12): 25265-.