广东珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫的分布与活动节律

doi:10.17520/biods.2024045

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 24045. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024045 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024045

广东珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫的分布与活动节律

高翔¹(), 潘淑芳², 孙争争², 李霁筱³, 高天雨³, 董路¹(), 王宁¹^,^*()()

1.生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875
2.广东珠海淇澳-担杆岛省级自然保护区, 广东珠海 519087
3.北京师范大学珠海校区文理学院生物系, 广东珠海 519087

收稿日期:2024-01-31 接受日期:2024-08-07 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: wangning@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京师范大学珠海校区2021年本科生科研训练与创新创业项目;广东省林业局2023年生态林业建设省级财政专项资金

Distribution and activity rhythm of small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai, Guangdong

Xiang Gao¹(), Shufang Pan², Zhengzheng Sun², Jixiao Li³, Tianyu Gao³, Lu Dong¹(), Ning Wang¹^,^*()()

1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2 Guangdong Zhuhai Qi’ao-Dangan Island Provincial Natural Reserve, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
3 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China

Received:2024-01-31 Accepted:2024-08-07 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-09-09
Contact: *E-mail: wangning@bnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Undergraduate Scientific Research Training and Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai in 2021;Provincial Financial Special Fund Project of Guangdong Forestry Bureau in 2023

1. 附录.zip(14835KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小灵猫(Viverricula indica)是灵猫科的小型食肉动物, 曾广泛分布于我国南方地区, 近年来种群数量呈现快速下降趋势, 为国家一级重点保护野生动物。由于对小灵猫分布区、栖息地特征与活动节律的认知尚不足, 我们于2021‒2023年在广东省珠海市的凤凰山(城市化程度较高)和淇澳岛(城市化程度较低)开展野外调查研究, 依据公里网格分别布放了30台和15台红外相机, 有效相机工作日分别为6,640个和4,109个, 获得了329和702条小灵猫的独立有效探测。我们发现, 小灵猫在珠海市淇澳岛的网格占有率为100%, 相对多度指数(I_RA)为17.08, 而凤凰山的种群密度略低(网格占有率 = 92.6%, I_G_RA = 4.95)。小灵猫的相对多度与海拔呈显著负相关(P < 0.001), 表明其更偏好在低海拔平原地带活动。凤凰山的小灵猫栖息地被高人口密度的城市所包围, 而淇澳岛的栖息地及周边区域的人口密度较低。凤凰山和淇澳岛的小灵猫年活动节律相似, 但日活动节律差异显著(P < 0.05)。在城市化较低的淇澳岛, 小灵猫的日活动节律为典型的“双峰型”, 而在城市化较高的凤凰山, 呈现为“阶梯型”, 可能是其对城市中人类活动节律的一种适应性对策。本研究表明, 华南沿海的低海拔平原是小灵猫的适宜栖息地, 面临着城市开发建设导致栖息地丧失以及与人类冲突增加的风险; 需要在其重要种源地加强监测, 并通过栖息地修复与生态廊道建设等措施, 促进小灵猫种群的健康稳定与保护。

关键词: 小灵猫, 红外相机, 城市化, 相对多度, 活动节律

Abstract

Aims: Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) is a small carnivore of the family Viverridae, and national first-class key protected wild animal which was once widely distributed in southern China. Its population has shown a rapid downward trend in recent years. Due to the lack of understanding of the distribution area, habitat characteristics and activity rhythm of small civets, we carried out field investigation and research in Fenghuang Hill (with a high degree of urbanization) and Qi’ao Island (with a low degree of urbanization) in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2023.

Methods: We deployed 30 and 15 infrared trigger cameras respectively according to the kilometer grid, with 6,640 and 4,109 effective camera working days respectively, and obtained independent detections of 329 and 702 small Indian civets. Based on these data, we calculate the grid detection rate and relative abundance index of small Indian civets. We examined activity kernel densities to estimate the activity rhythm of small Indian civets in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, and analyze the annual activity rule by calculate the relative abundance index with 10 days as a time window. We also examined the relationship between small Indian civets and other species by analyzing the relative abundance data from relevant literatures, and explored the impact of human disturbance in combination with population density.

Results: We found that the grid detection rate was 100% and the relative abundance index (I_RA) was 17.08 in Qi’ao Island, while the population density in Fenghuang Hill was slightly lower (grid detection rate = 92.6%, I_G_RA = 4.95). There was a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance and altitude of small Indian civet (P < 0.001), indicating that they preferred to habitat in the low-altitude plains near the sea. The annual activity rhythm of the civet in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island was similar, but the daily activity rhythm was significantly different (P < 0.05). In Qi’ao Island, where urbanization is low, the diurnal activity rhythm of the civet cat is a typical “bimodal type”, while in Fenghuang Hill, which is more urbanized, it is a “stepped type”, which may be an adaptive strategy to the rhythm of human activities in the city. In terms of annual activity rhythm, the civet cat populations in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island had similar trends. We also found the relative abundance index of small Indian civets and Himalayan palm civet had a significant negative correlation (r = - 0.51, P < 0.001). The population density of Fenghuang Hill is higher than that of Qi’ao Island, which means that the activities of small Indian civets may be disturbed by human activities.

Conclusion: This study shows that the low-altitude plains along the coast of South China are suitable habitats for small Indian civets, and they are at risk of habitat loss and increased conflict with humans due to urban development and construction. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring in its important provenance areas, and promote the health, stability and conservation of the civet population through habitat restoration and ecological corridor construction.

Key words: small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), infrared-triggered camera, civilization, relative abundance, activity rhythm

高翔, 潘淑芳, 孙争争, 李霁筱, 高天雨, 董路, 王宁 (2024) 广东珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫的分布与活动节律. 生物多样性, 32, 24045. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024045.

Xiang Gao, Shufang Pan, Zhengzheng Sun, Jixiao Li, Tianyu Gao, Lu Dong, Ning Wang (2024) Distribution and activity rhythm of small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai, Guangdong. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24045. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024045.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024045

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I8/24045

图/表 7

图1 珠海市凤凰山和淇澳岛红外相机的布放位置及小灵猫在各网格(1 km × 1 km)的相对多度指数(网格相对多度, IGRA)

Fig. 1 The deployment position of infrared cameras in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island in Zhuhai, and the grid relative abundance index (IGRA) of small Indian civet in each grid (1 km × 1 km)

表1 广东省珠海市凤凰山3种食肉目动物的监测结果

Table 1 Monitoring results of three carnivorous wild animals in Fenghuang Hill, Zhuhai, Guangdong

物种 Species	出现网格数 No. of detected grids	网格占有率 Grid occurrence rate	独立有效探测数 No. of independent detections	相对多度指数 Relative abundance index
小灵猫 Viverricula indica	25	92.6%	329	4.95
花面狸 Paguma larvata	11	40.7%	34	0.51
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	2	7.4%	4	0.06

图2 凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫相对多度指数的差异

Fig. 2 Differences of the relative abundance index of small Indian civet between Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island

图3 基于线性模型构建的小灵猫相对多度指数与相机位点海拔的回归关系

Fig. 3 Regression relationship between the relative abundance index of the small Indian civet and the elevation of the camera locus based on the linear model

图4 凤凰山和淇澳岛红外相机位点的海拔分布差异

Fig. 4 Differences of the altitude of camera trap sites between Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island

图5 珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫日活动节律(校准后以日出时间为6:00, 日落时间为18:00)

Fig. 5 Daily activity rhythms of small Indian civet in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai (Sunrise time 6:00, Sunset time 18:00 after calibration)

图6 珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫年活动节律。X轴坐标的天数自1月1日起, 凤凰山区域未包含7‒9月的数据。

Fig. 6 The annual activity rhythm of small Indian civet in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai. Days started from 1st January, The Fenghuang Hill region did not include data for July‒September.

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广东珠海凤凰山和淇澳岛小灵猫的分布与活动节律

Distribution and activity rhythm of small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) in Fenghuang Hill and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai, Guangdong

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