龙须草种质资源生境特征与主要经济性状比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2016244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龙须草(Eulaliopsis binata)是一种特色野生生物资源, 是优质造纸原料和防止水土流失的优良草种。以往针对龙须草种质资源收集和评价研究近于空白。本文通过对中国内陆龙须草种质资源集中分布的9省20县的实地考察, 收集了20个居群的龙须草样本, 分析了龙须草种质资源生境的主要特征, 并对龙须草种质资源主要经济性状进行比较。结果表明: 收集的龙须草种质资源集中分布于22°-34° N、101°-114° E, 海拔集中在100-1,000 m, 年平均气温在14-22℃, 年日照时数在1,112-2,624 h, 年平均降水量在642-2,330 mm之间。气候因子主成分分析显示, 龙须草分布受温度与降水量影响较大, 其次为海拔和日照时数。不同龙须草种质资源叶长、胞壁厚度、腔径、壁径比、产量等主要经济性状呈现出极显著差异。主要经济性状ward聚类可将收集的龙须草种质资源分为3类, 其中9个种质资源可优先作为优良龙须草筛选育种的参考对象。

关键词: 龙须草, 造纸材料, 生境, 经济性状, 产量

Abstract

Eulaliopsis binata, a typical wild living resource, is an excellent grass species which is used as material for papermaking and can prevent water loss and soil erosion. Since there are few studies examining the resource collection and assessment of E. binata, in this paper we attempt to use field studies on concentrated areas of Chinese E. binata germplasm resources in 20 counties in nine provinces, collect 20 kinds of E. binata germplasm resources, analyse the principal living environmental characteristics of collection areas of E. binata germplasm resources, and compare the principal economic characteristics of E. binata germplasm resources. Results showed that the collections of E. binata were mainly located in the ranges of 22°-34° N , 101°-114° E, with an elevation of 100-1,000 m, annual average temperatures of 14-22℃, annual sunshine hour ranges of 1,112-2,624 h, and annual average rainfall amounts between 642-2,330 mm. Principal component analysis of climate factors of E. binata showed that the distribution of E. binata was more influenced by temperature and rainfall, while less so by elevation and sunshine hours. The principal economic characteristics of E. binata germplasm resources, such as leaf length, thickness of cell walls, diameter of the cavity, ratio of cell wall and diameter of cavity and yield, show significant differences. Using ward clustering analysis of the principal economic characteristics, the collected E. binata germplasm resources can be divided into 3 categories, of which nine E. binata germplasm resources can be used as reference species for excellent E. binata selection and breeding. The study provides evidence for the selection of improved varieties and utilization of E. binata germplasm resources.

Key words: Eulaliopsis binata, paper making material, habitat, economic characters, yield

刘飞, 邹冬生, 喻夜兰, 朱战强, 吴少平, 朱育峰 (2016) 龙须草种质资源生境特征与主要经济性状比较. 生物多样性, 24, 1400-1407. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016244.

Fei Liu, Dongsheng Zou, Yelan Yu, Zhanqiang Zhu, Shaoping Wu, Yufeng Zhu (2016) Habitat features and principal economic characteristics of Eulaliopsis binata germplasm resources. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1400-1407. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016244.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016244

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I12/1400

图/表 5

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收集区域 Collecting area	采集地(乡、镇) Site (Township)	采集地地理坐标 Geographical coordinates of resource land
云南元谋 Yuanmou, Yunnan	姜驿乡 Jiangyi	26°04'28" N, 101°55'01" E
云南金平 Jinping, Yunnan	金河镇 Jinhe	22°47'28" N, 103°14'13" E
贵州麻江 Majiang, Guizhou	下司镇 Xiasi	26°31'23" N, 107°48'42" E
贵州黄平 Huangping, Guizhou	新洲镇 Xinzhou	26°54'09" N, 107°54'42" E
贵州安龙 Anlong, Guizhou	万峰湖镇 Wanfenghu	24°56'29" N, 105°05'55" E
贵州兴义 Xingyi, Guizhou	下五屯镇 Xiawutun	25°04'18" N, 104°53'57" E
广西河池 Hechi, Guangxi	河池镇 Hechi	24°42'04" N, 107°51'08" E
广西田东 Tiandong, Guangxi	那拔镇 Naba	23°51'26" N, 107°09'13" E
广西柳城 Liucheng, Guangxi	龙头乡 Longtou	24°45'43" N, 109°11'11" E
广西大化 Dahua, Guangxi	都阳镇 Duyang	23°59'03" N, 107°39'46" E
广东连州 Lianzhou, Guangdong	大路边镇 Dalubian	25°02'32" N, 112°38'36" E
湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan	栏垅乡 Lanlong	27°03'18" N, 112°20'21" E
湖南慈利 Cili, Hunan	零阳镇 Lingyang	29°25'36" N, 111°08'02" E
重庆巫山 Wushan, Chongqing	龙井乡 Longjing	31°05'47" N, 109°54'04" E
湖北丹江 Danjiang, Hubei	龙山镇 Longshan	32°35'16" N, 111°15'59" E
湖北郧县 Yunxian, Hubei	大柳乡 Daliu	33°01'08" N, 110°45'04" E
湖北郧西 Yunxi, Hubei	土门镇 Tumen	33°03'39" N, 110°21'05" E
河南淅川 Xichuan, Henan	毛堂乡 Maotang	33°13'25" N, 111°23'17" E
河南西峡 Xixia, Henan	军马河乡 Junmahe	33°31'29" N, 111°29'54" E
陕西洋县 Yangxian, Shaanxi	磨子桥镇 Moziqiao	33°11'33" N, 107°31'43" E

收集区域 Collecting area	采集地(乡、镇) Site (Township)	采集地地理坐标 Geographical coordinates of resource land
云南元谋 Yuanmou, Yunnan	姜驿乡 Jiangyi	26°04'28" N, 101°55'01" E
云南金平 Jinping, Yunnan	金河镇 Jinhe	22°47'28" N, 103°14'13" E
贵州麻江 Majiang, Guizhou	下司镇 Xiasi	26°31'23" N, 107°48'42" E
贵州黄平 Huangping, Guizhou	新洲镇 Xinzhou	26°54'09" N, 107°54'42" E
贵州安龙 Anlong, Guizhou	万峰湖镇 Wanfenghu	24°56'29" N, 105°05'55" E
贵州兴义 Xingyi, Guizhou	下五屯镇 Xiawutun	25°04'18" N, 104°53'57" E
广西河池 Hechi, Guangxi	河池镇 Hechi	24°42'04" N, 107°51'08" E
广西田东 Tiandong, Guangxi	那拔镇 Naba	23°51'26" N, 107°09'13" E
广西柳城 Liucheng, Guangxi	龙头乡 Longtou	24°45'43" N, 109°11'11" E
广西大化 Dahua, Guangxi	都阳镇 Duyang	23°59'03" N, 107°39'46" E
广东连州 Lianzhou, Guangdong	大路边镇 Dalubian	25°02'32" N, 112°38'36" E
湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan	栏垅乡 Lanlong	27°03'18" N, 112°20'21" E
湖南慈利 Cili, Hunan	零阳镇 Lingyang	29°25'36" N, 111°08'02" E
重庆巫山 Wushan, Chongqing	龙井乡 Longjing	31°05'47" N, 109°54'04" E
湖北丹江 Danjiang, Hubei	龙山镇 Longshan	32°35'16" N, 111°15'59" E
湖北郧县 Yunxian, Hubei	大柳乡 Daliu	33°01'08" N, 110°45'04" E
湖北郧西 Yunxi, Hubei	土门镇 Tumen	33°03'39" N, 110°21'05" E
河南淅川 Xichuan, Henan	毛堂乡 Maotang	33°13'25" N, 111°23'17" E
河南西峡 Xixia, Henan	军马河乡 Junmahe	33°31'29" N, 111°29'54" E
陕西洋县 Yangxian, Shaanxi	磨子桥镇 Moziqiao	33°11'33" N, 107°31'43" E

主成分 Principal component	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	Axis1	Axis2	Axis3	Axis4	Axis5	Axis6
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature	17.35	2.50	-0.76	0.39	0.02	-0.49	0.13	0.12
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	1,182.80	400.50	-0.74	-0.35	-0.32	0.43	0.19	0.12
海拔 Altitude	508.25	242.91	0.39	-0.72	0.45	-0.20	0.29	0.00
纬度 Latitude	28.08	4.02	0.94	0.22	0.10	0.10	-0.02	0.23
经度 Longitude	108.40	2.90	0.58	0.36	-0.66	-0.04	0.30	-0.07
日照时数 Sunshine hours	1,776.89	402.61	-0.16	0.64	0.67	0.30	0.19	-0.05
特征根 Characteristic root			2.51	1.38	1.19	0.57	0.27	0.09
贡献率 Contribution rate			41.84	23.04	19.76	9.43	4.43	1.51
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate			41.84	64.88	84.63	94.06	98.49	100.00

主成分 Principal component	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	Axis1	Axis2	Axis3	Axis4	Axis5	Axis6
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature	17.35	2.50	-0.76	0.39	0.02	-0.49	0.13	0.12
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	1,182.80	400.50	-0.74	-0.35	-0.32	0.43	0.19	0.12
海拔 Altitude	508.25	242.91	0.39	-0.72	0.45	-0.20	0.29	0.00
纬度 Latitude	28.08	4.02	0.94	0.22	0.10	0.10	-0.02	0.23
经度 Longitude	108.40	2.90	0.58	0.36	-0.66	-0.04	0.30	-0.07
日照时数 Sunshine hours	1,776.89	402.61	-0.16	0.64	0.67	0.30	0.19	-0.05
特征根 Characteristic root			2.51	1.38	1.19	0.57	0.27	0.09
贡献率 Contribution rate			41.84	23.04	19.76	9.43	4.43	1.51
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate			41.84	64.88	84.63	94.06	98.49	100.00

种源 Origin			叶片纤维细胞解剖特征 Anatomical characteristics of leaf fibers			产量 Yield (t/ha)
种源 Origin	叶长 Leaf length (mm)	叶宽 Leaf width (mm)	胞壁厚度 Cell wall thickness (μm)	腔径 Cavity diameter (μm)	壁腔比 The ratio of wall to cavity	产量 Yield (t/ha)
云南元谋 Yuanmou, Yunnan	75.00±14.04bAB	0.23±0.04aA	1.80±0.58dC	1.80±0.41aA	2.89±1.26deD	5.34±1.85bcB
云南金平 Jinping, Yunnan	81.17±18.43bB	0.36±0.07aA	3.05±0.76cdC	1.40±0.53bB	4.36±0.41bcBC	9.53±0.32abAB
贵州麻江 Majiang, Guizhou	88.50±25.21bB	0.37±0.07aA	2.74±0.31dC	3.57±0.31bBC	1.55±0.28efE	7.98±2.86abAB
贵州黄平 Huangping, Guizhou	100.83±3.19abAB	0.37±0.10aA	3.41±0.53cdBC	1.21±0.66bBC	5.64±0.19aA	6.91±2.29bcAB
贵州安龙 Anlong, Guizhou	76.17±8.11bB	0.31±0.06aA	3.28±0.39cdBC	1.84±0.50cBC	3.76±0.99cCD	8.81±0.76abAB
贵州兴义 Xingyi, Guizhou	88.17±15.25bB	0.36±0.07aA	3.20±0.47cdC	0.80±0.21cdBC	4.00±0.88cC	6.37±1.52bcB
广西河池 Hechi, Guangxi	100.50±8.76abAB	0.42±0.07aA	2.04±0.64dC	1.30±0.42cdBC	3.14±0.22dD	10.94±3.47aA
广西田东 Tiandong, Guangxi	84.33±12.49bB	0.40±0.03aA	4.24±0.67bAB	4.90±1.89cdC	1.73±0.37efE	10.50±1.89abAB
广西柳城 Liucheng, Guangxi	95.50±6.29bB	0.33±0.06aA	1.80±0.44dC	12.10±3.12cdC	0.30±0.04fE	7.94±3.46abAB
广西大化 Dahua, Guangxi	78.50±13.93bB	0.47±0.04aA	2.38±0.62dC	4.48±1.72cdC	1.29±0.72efE	8.31±1.95abAB
广东连州 Lianzhou, Guangdong	94.83±14.91bB	0.44±0.08aA	4.10±1.16bcB	2.10±0.77cdC	3.90±0.53cCD	6.27±1.61bcB
湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan	89.33±13.71bB	0.37±0.07aA	3.57±1.05cBC	2.30±0.59cdC	3.10±0.63dD	7.53±1.91bcAB
湖南慈利 Cili, Hunan	92.50±6.06bB	0.40±0.01aA	4.80±0.20aA	2.40±0.83cdC	4.00±0.44cC	7.56±2.01bcAB
重庆巫山 Wushan, Chongqing	85.83±9.52bB	0.38±0.56aA	1.95±1.06dC	2.15±1.92cdC	2.29±1.06eDE	4.69±0.20cB
湖北丹江 Danjiang, Hubei	107.83±18.07aA	0.36±0.04aA	3.83±0.94bcBC	1.60±0.43cdC	4.79±0.78bB	8.24±1.71abAB
湖北郧县 Yunxian, Hubei	83.67±14.14bB	0.32±0.04aA	3.90±0.87bcBC	3.50±1.21dC	2.23±0.26eDE	8.70±2.44abAB
湖北郧西 Yunxi, Hubei	107.00±18.16aAB	0.39±0.07aA	3.83±1.51bcBC	2.87±0.68dC	2.96±1.88deD	6.63±2.15bcAB
河南淅川 Xichuan, Henan	83.67±14.14bB	0.32±0.04aA	2.29±0.55dC	5.95±1.51dC	1.35±0.82efE	9.69±1.79abAB
河南西峡 Xixia, Henan	90.67±8.85bB	0.35±0.05aA	3.76±0.65bcBC	2.10±0.57dC	3.63±0.36cdCD	7.62±1.74bAB
陕西洋县 Yangxian, Shaanxi	86.17±17.02bB	0.36±0.05aA	2.89±0.75cdC	3.62±1.62dC	2.12±1.57eDE	8.89±1.07abAB
平均 Average	89.51	0.37	3.14	3.10	2.95	7.92