鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的微生境选择特征及保护启示

doi:10.17520/biods.2025203

生物多样性

鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的微生境选择特征及保护启示

沈君瀚^1,2,3, 高海洋³, 孙松³, 华彦³, 吴飞³, 何南⁴, 王鹤⁵, 武正军^1,2*

1 广西师范大学教育部广西珍稀濒危物种生态与环境保护重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006

2 广西师范大学广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006

3 广东省林业科学研究院森林培育与保护利用重点实验室, 广州 510520

4 广东曲江罗坑鳄蜥省级自然保护区管理处, 广东韶关 512100

5 广东省野生动物救护监测中心, 广州 510520

收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-08-27 接受日期:2025-11-20
通讯作者: 武正军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160131); 广东省省级科技计划项目(2023A1111120022)

Microhabitat selection characteristics and conservation implications of the Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)

Junhan Shen^1,2,3, Haiyang Gao³, Song Sun³, Yan Hua³, Fei Wu³, Nan He⁴, He Wang⁵, Zhengjun Wu^1,2*

1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China

2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China

3 Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

4 Management Office of Guangdong Qujiang Luokeng Crocodile Lizard Provincial Nature Reserve, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512100, China

5 Guangdong Wildlife Rescue and Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-08-27 Accepted:2025-11-20
Contact: Zhengjun Wu
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160131); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1111120022)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确濒危物种的微生境选择特征是为其制定科学保护策略的基础。鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)是全球极危物种, 野外种群数量仅剩1,500只左右。本研究于广东罗坑鳄蜥国家级自然保护区, 针对鳄蜥集中分布的溪沟开展微生境样方调查, 系统分析了鳄蜥的微生境选择特征。随机森林模型分析表明栖枝密度、溪流深度、溪流沙覆盖比、郁闭度、溪流流速、溪流宽度是影响鳄蜥利用微生境的重要变量, 并具有特定的生态阈值。广义线性混合效应最终模型表明, 栖枝密度、溪流深度、郁闭度和溪流宽度与鳄蜥出现概率呈显著正相关; 其中, 栖枝密度为影响鳄蜥出现概率的首要因子, 溪流深度次之; 郁闭度虽独立贡献率较低, 然其作用不可或缺, 是基础性影响因子; 而溪流宽度则为边缘影响因子。多模型分析结果综合表明, 鳄蜥尤其偏好高栖枝密度的微生境, 可能与其获取庇护和食物资源的需求相关。研究建议, 在鳄蜥保护中应以提高栖枝密度构建多层次庇护网络作为首要目标, 同时通过改善水文环境和提高乔木郁闭度等措施, 为鳄蜥种群提供更适宜的生存环境。

关键词: 微生境选择, 随机森林模型, 广义线性混合模型, 栖枝密度, 鳄蜥

Abstract

Aim: Identifying the microhabitat selection characteristics of endangered species is essential for developing effective conservation strategies. The Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is a critically endangered species worldwide, with fewer than 1,500 individuals remaining in the wild. This study aimed to systematically analyze the influence of various microhabitat variables on the microhabitat selection of crocodile lizards.

Methods: We carried out microhabitat quadrat investigations in the stream environments where crocodile lizards are distributed within the Luokeng Chinese Crocodile Lizard National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. We used random forest model and generalized linear mixed-effects model to assess the key microhabitat variables that determined the occurrence of crocodile lizards.

Results: Random forest analysis revealed that perch density, stream depth, stream sand coverage percentage, canopy closure, stream velocity, and stream width were the critical microhabitat variables affecting the occurrence of crocodile lizards, each with specific ecological thresholds. The final GLMM indicated that perch density, stream depth, canopy closure, and stream width all exhibited significant positive associations with the occurrence probability of the crocodile lizard. Among these variables, perch density was identified as the primary influencing factor, followed by stream depth. Despite its modest independent contribution, canopy closure served as an indispensable underlying factor, whereas stream width was determined to be a marginal factor, exerting a limited effect.

Conclusion: Our study highlights that improving perch density should be prioritized in the conservation of crocodile lizards. Simultaneously, measures such as improving the hydrological environment and optimizing canopy closure should be implemented to provide more suitable microhabitats for the population. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the microhabitat requirements of crocodile lizards and provide scientific basis for targeted conservation actions.

Key words: microhabitat selection, random forest model, generalized linear mixed models, perch density, crocodile lizard

沈君瀚, 高海洋, 孙松, 华彦, 吴飞, 何南, 王鹤, 武正军. 鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)的微生境选择特征及保护启示. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025203.

Junhan Shen, Haiyang Gao, Song Sun, Yan Hua, Fei Wu, Nan He, He Wang, Zhengjun Wu. Microhabitat selection characteristics and conservation implications of the Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus). Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025203.

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