太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.050

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 50-59. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.050

太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性

蔡永久¹^,², 龚志军¹^,^*(), 秦伯强¹

1 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2009-08-26 接受日期:2009-12-31 出版日期:2010-01-20 发布日期:2010-01-20
通讯作者: 龚志军
作者简介:* E-mail: zjgong@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院重大项目(KZCX1-YW-14);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2008CB418103);国家自然科学基金(40730529);国家自然科学基金(30770404)

Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China

Yongjiu Cai¹^,², Zhijun Gong¹^,^*(), Boqiang Qin¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2009-08-26 Accepted:2009-12-31 Online:2010-01-20 Published:2010-01-20
Contact: Zhijun Gong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示现阶段太湖大型底栖动物群落现状及其对生态环境变化的响应, 于2007年2月至2008年11月对太湖大型底栖动物进行为期两周年的季度调查。30个采样点共记录底栖动物3门7纲19科40种, 底栖动物平均密度和生物量空间差异较大, 平均密度高值出现在梅梁湾、竺山湾及河口, 主要为寡毛纲颤蚓类; 平均生物量高值出现在贡湖湾、西湖区、东太湖和东部湖湾, 主要为软体动物。霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、中华河蚓(Rhyacodrilus sinicus)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、中国长足摇蚊(Tanypus chinensis)和钩虾属一种(Gammarus sp.)是现阶段太湖大型底栖动物的优势种。聚类分析将30个采样点分成3组, 相似性分析检验表明各聚类组大型底栖动物群落具有显著差异(P<0.05)。多样性分析结果表明, 东太湖和东部湖湾物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度最高, 优势种为腹足纲螺类; 梅梁湾、竺山湾及河口多样性最低、密度最高, 霍甫水丝蚓和中华河蚓在该区占据绝对优势; 贡湖湾、湖心和西湖区多样性处于中等水平, 其优势种为河蚬。研究结果表明营养水平、底质类型以及水生植被的分布是决定太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的关键因子。

关键词: 颤蚓科, 软体动物, 功能摄食类群, 空间分布格局, 富营养化

Abstract

To explore the status of macrozoobenthic communities and their response to ecological changes in Lake Taihu, we carried out a quarterly investigation on macrozoobenthos between February 2007 and November 2008. We recorded 40 species from 19 families, 7 classes and 3 phyla. Mean density and biomass varied largely among the 30 sampling sites. The highest mean density of macrozoobenthos occurred in Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Bay and river mouth, and communities were dominated by Tubificidae. Mean biomass was highest in Gonghu Bay, Western region, East Taihu and East Bays, these sites were dominated by Mollusca. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Rhyacodrilus sinicus, Corbicula fluminea, Bellamya aeruginosa, Tanypus chinensis and Gammarus sp. were the dominant species in Lake Taihu. Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) classified the 30 sites into three groups with different macrozoobenthic communities (P < 0.05). K-dominance curves, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices indicated that species richness and evenness were highest in East Taihu and East Bays, dominated by Gastropods. Communities in Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Bay and river mouth had low species diversity and were dominated by L. hoffmeisteri and R. sinicus. Gonghu Bay, Central region and Western region contained intermediately diverse communities dominated by C. fluminea. Our results suggest that trophic status, habitat types and macrophytes are important factors regulating macrozoobenthic communities in Lake Taihu.

Key words: Tubificidae, Mollusca, functional feeding groups, spatial distribution pattern, eutrophication

蔡永久, 龚志军, 秦伯强 (2010) 太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 50-59. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.050.

Yongjiu Cai, Zhijun Gong, Boqiang Qin (2010) Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China. Biodiversity Science, 18, 50-59. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.050.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.050

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I1/50

图/表 9

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物种 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI	物种 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI
寡毛纲 Oligochaeta		椎实螺科 Lymnaeidae
仙女虫科 Naididae		椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	<1
七鳃管盘虫 Aulophorus heptabranchiata	17	扁蜷螺科 Planorbidae
指鳃尾盘虫 Dero digitata	21	凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus	<1
参差仙女虫 Nais variabilis	10	黑螺科 Melaniidae
颤蚓科 Tubificidae		方格短沟蜷 Semisulcospira cancellata	12
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	36	田螺科 Viviparidae
霍甫水丝蚓 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri	2,077	铜锈环棱螺 Bellamya aeruginosa	535
巨毛水丝蚓 L. grandisetosus	6	摇蚊幼虫 Chironomidae
水丝蚓属一种 Limnodrilus sp.	7	半折摇蚊 Chironomus semireductus	8
中华河蚓 Rhyacodrilus sinicus	109	羽摇蚊 C. plumosus	<1
嫩丝蚓属一种 Teneridrilus sp.	<1	褐斑菱跗摇蚊 Clinotanypus sugiyamai	<1
颤蚓科一种 Tubificidae sp.		三带环足摇蚊 Cricotopus trifasciatus	<1
软体动物 Mollusca		指突隐摇蚊 Cryptochironomus digitatus	<1
双壳纲 Bivalvia		侧叶雕翅摇蚊 Glyptotendipes lobiferus	<1
蚬科 Corbiculidae		小摇蚊属一种 Microchironomus sp.	1
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	1,788	多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	<1
截蛏科 Solecurtidae		花翅前突摇蚊 Proclakius choreus	2
中国淡水蛏 Novaculina chinensis	<1	中国长足摇蚊 Tanypus chinensis	46
球蚬科 Sphaeriidae		长跗摇蚊属一种 Tanytarsus sp.	<1
湖球蚬 Sphaerium lacustre	4	其他 Others
蚌科 Unionidae		端足目一种 Amphipoda sp.	4
背角无齿蚌 Anodonta woodiana woodiana	*	虫怱属一种 Caenagrion sp.	<1
背瘤丽蚌 Lamprotula leai	*	扁舌蛭 Glossiphonia complanata	<1
腹足纲 Gastropod		钩虾属一种 Gammarus sp.	137
觿螺科 Hydrobiidae		寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys oligobranchia	7
长角涵螺 Alocinma longicornis	13	多毛纲一种 Polychatea sp.1	41
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	6	多毛纲一种 Polychatea sp.2	3
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra	6

物种 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI	物种 Species	相对重要性指数 IRI
寡毛纲 Oligochaeta		椎实螺科 Lymnaeidae
仙女虫科 Naididae		椭圆萝卜螺 Radix swinhoei	<1
七鳃管盘虫 Aulophorus heptabranchiata	17	扁蜷螺科 Planorbidae
指鳃尾盘虫 Dero digitata	21	凸旋螺 Gyraulus convexiusculus	<1
参差仙女虫 Nais variabilis	10	黑螺科 Melaniidae
颤蚓科 Tubificidae		方格短沟蜷 Semisulcospira cancellata	12
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	36	田螺科 Viviparidae
霍甫水丝蚓 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri	2,077	铜锈环棱螺 Bellamya aeruginosa	535
巨毛水丝蚓 L. grandisetosus	6	摇蚊幼虫 Chironomidae
水丝蚓属一种 Limnodrilus sp.	7	半折摇蚊 Chironomus semireductus	8
中华河蚓 Rhyacodrilus sinicus	109	羽摇蚊 C. plumosus	<1
嫩丝蚓属一种 Teneridrilus sp.	<1	褐斑菱跗摇蚊 Clinotanypus sugiyamai	<1
颤蚓科一种 Tubificidae sp.		三带环足摇蚊 Cricotopus trifasciatus	<1
软体动物 Mollusca		指突隐摇蚊 Cryptochironomus digitatus	<1
双壳纲 Bivalvia		侧叶雕翅摇蚊 Glyptotendipes lobiferus	<1
蚬科 Corbiculidae		小摇蚊属一种 Microchironomus sp.	1
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	1,788	多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	<1
截蛏科 Solecurtidae		花翅前突摇蚊 Proclakius choreus	2
中国淡水蛏 Novaculina chinensis	<1	中国长足摇蚊 Tanypus chinensis	46
球蚬科 Sphaeriidae		长跗摇蚊属一种 Tanytarsus sp.	<1
湖球蚬 Sphaerium lacustre	4	其他 Others
蚌科 Unionidae		端足目一种 Amphipoda sp.	4
背角无齿蚌 Anodonta woodiana woodiana	*	虫怱属一种 Caenagrion sp.	<1
背瘤丽蚌 Lamprotula leai	*	扁舌蛭 Glossiphonia complanata	<1
腹足纲 Gastropod		钩虾属一种 Gammarus sp.	137
觿螺科 Hydrobiidae		寡鳃齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys oligobranchia	7
长角涵螺 Alocinma longicornis	13	多毛纲一种 Polychatea sp.1	41
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	6	多毛纲一种 Polychatea sp.2	3
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra	6

物种 Species	Group A	Group B	Group C
寡毛类 Oligochaeta
霍甫水丝蚓 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri	7,883(50.29%)	242(10.08%)	115(18.46%)
中华河蚓 Rhyacodrilus sinicus	621(14.6%)
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	51(4.97%)	23(5.69%)	44(10.12%)
指鳃尾盘虫 Dero digitata	211(5.79%)
软体动物 Mollusca
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea		386(30.34%)	36(6.8%)
铜锈环棱螺 Bellamya aeruginosa			102(19.73%)
方格短沟蜷 Semisulcospira cancellata			19(5.43%)
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra			11(3.56%)
长角涵螺 Alocinma longicornis			50(14.13%)
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus			31(6.57%)
摇蚊幼虫 Chironomidae
中国长足摇蚊 Tanypus chinensis	302(5.31%)
半折摇蚊 Chironomus semireductus	46(3.04%)
其他 Others
钩虾属一种 Gammarus sp.	357(7.22%)	195(16.39%)
多毛类一种 Polychaeta sp.1		200(17.80%)
合计 Total	9,471(91.20%)	1,046(80.30%)	408(84.80%)

物种 Species	Group A	Group B	Group C
寡毛类 Oligochaeta
霍甫水丝蚓 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri	7,883(50.29%)	242(10.08%)	115(18.46%)
中华河蚓 Rhyacodrilus sinicus	621(14.6%)
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	51(4.97%)	23(5.69%)	44(10.12%)
指鳃尾盘虫 Dero digitata	211(5.79%)
软体动物 Mollusca
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea		386(30.34%)	36(6.8%)
铜锈环棱螺 Bellamya aeruginosa			102(19.73%)
方格短沟蜷 Semisulcospira cancellata			19(5.43%)
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra			11(3.56%)
长角涵螺 Alocinma longicornis			50(14.13%)
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus			31(6.57%)
摇蚊幼虫 Chironomidae
中国长足摇蚊 Tanypus chinensis	302(5.31%)
半折摇蚊 Chironomus semireductus	46(3.04%)
其他 Others
钩虾属一种 Gammarus sp.	357(7.22%)	195(16.39%)
多毛类一种 Polychaeta sp.1		200(17.80%)
合计 Total	9,471(91.20%)	1,046(80.30%)	408(84.80%)

	密度 Density			生物量 Biomass
	Group A	Group B	Group C		Group A		Group B		Group C
直接收集者 Gatherers	8,771(94.73%)	604(57.91%)	306(51.09%)	18.14(24.35%)		1.64(0.83%)		1.08(0.69%)
过滤收集者 Filterers	138(1.49%)	392(37.58%)	37(6.18%)	21.55(28.92%)		182.58(92.40%)		34.71(22.27%)
捕食者 Predators	294(3.18%)	27(2.59%)	20(3.34%)	0.83(1.11%)		0.13(0.07%)		0.09(0.06%)
刮食者 Scrapers	44(0.48%)	20(1.92%)	232(38.73%)	33.99(45.62%)		13.24(6.70%)		119.95(76.97%)
撕食者 Shredders	12(0.13%)	0	4(0.67%)	0		0		0.01(0.01%)

太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性

Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China

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