生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 707-716. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018104
所属专题: 生物入侵
马维1, 王瑁1,*(), 王文卿1, 刘毅2, 罗柳青1, 唐朝艺1
收稿日期:
2018-04-08
接受日期:
2018-06-10
出版日期:
2018-07-20
发布日期:
2018-09-11
通讯作者:
王瑁
基金资助:
Ma Wei1, Wang Mao1,*(), Wang Wenqing1, Liu Yi2, Luo Liuqing1, Tang Chaoyi1
Received:
2018-04-08
Accepted:
2018-06-10
Online:
2018-07-20
Published:
2018-09-11
Contact:
Wang Mao
摘要:
为了掌握海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物多样性状况, 本文于2015-2016年对海南岛西海岸6个主要红树林分布区软体动物的种类组成、物种多样性和群落结构的时空变化进行了研究。共采集到软体动物57科201种, 主要优势种有珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea cingulata)、绯拟沼螺(Assiminea latericea)、圆胖樱蛤(Pinguitellina cycladiformis)和斜肋齿蜷(Sermyla riqueti)等。年平均密度与平均生物量分别为324.13 ind./m²和142.88 g/m², 物种数、密度和生物量均高于北部湾沿岸的其他红树林。海南岛西海岸各红树林软体动物的密度和生物量均未呈现明显的季节变化, 软体动物密度存在空间上的显著差异。聚类分析结果显示, 在盐度、土壤结构和红树林群落存在差异的不同红树林, 软体动物种类组成相似度低。多因子AZTI海洋生物指数(M-AMBI)结果表明海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物群落未受明显扰动, 生态环境质量介于一般和优良之间, 但仍受到人类活动与外来植物入侵威胁, 因其在候鸟迁徙中的重要作用, 亟需加强管理与保护。
马维, 王瑁, 王文卿, 刘毅, 罗柳青, 唐朝艺 (2018) 海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物多样性. 生物多样性, 26, 707-716. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018104.
Ma Wei, Wang Mao, Wang Wenqing, Liu Yi, Luo Liuqing, Tang Chaoyi (2018) Biodiversity of mangrove mollusks in the west coast of Hainan Island, China. Biodiversity Science, 26, 707-716. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018104.
调查地点 Research sites | 主要红树林群落 Main mangrove community | 土壤质地 Soil texture | 间隙水盐度 Salinity of interstitial water (‰) |
---|---|---|---|
东方市四必湾 Sibi Bay, Dongfang City | 白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | 粉砂质壤土 Silty loam | 31.0 |
儋州市儋州湾 Danzhou Bay, Danzhou City | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 21.0 |
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | |||
儋州市盐丁 Yanding, Danzhou City | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 粉砂质粘壤土 Silty clay loam | 27.4 |
临高县新盈湾 Xinying Bay, Lingao County | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 25.5 |
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | |||
临高县马袅湾 Maniao Bay, Lingao County | 桐花树群落 Aegiceras corniculatum community | 壤土 Loam | 13.2 |
澄迈县花场湾 Huachang Bay, Chengmai County | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 15.7 |
桐花树群落 Aegiceras corniculatum community | |||
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community |
表1 海南岛西海岸红树林群落及环境特征
Table 1 Mangrove communities and environmental factors of research sites in the west coast of Hainan Island
调查地点 Research sites | 主要红树林群落 Main mangrove community | 土壤质地 Soil texture | 间隙水盐度 Salinity of interstitial water (‰) |
---|---|---|---|
东方市四必湾 Sibi Bay, Dongfang City | 白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | 粉砂质壤土 Silty loam | 31.0 |
儋州市儋州湾 Danzhou Bay, Danzhou City | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 21.0 |
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | |||
儋州市盐丁 Yanding, Danzhou City | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 粉砂质粘壤土 Silty clay loam | 27.4 |
临高县新盈湾 Xinying Bay, Lingao County | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 25.5 |
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community | |||
临高县马袅湾 Maniao Bay, Lingao County | 桐花树群落 Aegiceras corniculatum community | 壤土 Loam | 13.2 |
澄迈县花场湾 Huachang Bay, Chengmai County | 红海榄群落 Rhizophora stylosa community | 砂质壤土 Sandy loam | 15.7 |
桐花树群落 Aegiceras corniculatum community | |||
白骨壤群落 Avicennia marina community |
种类 Species | 四必湾 Sibi Bay | 儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 盐丁 Yanding | 新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 花场湾 Huachang Bay | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | |
团聚牡蛎 Saccostrea glomerata | 0.006 | 0.000 | - | 0.002 | 0.114 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.003 | - | - | 0.000 | 0.001 |
斯氏印澳蛤 Indoaustriella scarlatoi | - | - | 0.005 | 0.007 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.040 | 0.032 |
台湾朽叶蛤 Coecella formaosae | - | - | - | - | - | 0.063 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
圆胖樱蛤 Pinguitellina cycladiformis | - | - | - | - | - | 0.003 | 0.842 | 0.714 | - | - | - | 0.000 |
拟箱美丽蛤 Merisca capsoides | - | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.003 | 0.061 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - |
花蚬 Cyrenodonax formosana | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.347 | 0.056 | 0.003 | - |
红树蚬 Geloina coaxans | - | - | - | 0.048 | - | - | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.050 | 0.020 |
豆彩螺 Clithon faba | - | - | - | - | - | 0.333 | - | - | - | 0.006 | 0.001 | - |
奥莱彩螺 Clithon oualaniensis | 0.045 | 0.012 | 0.010 | - | - | 0.003 | - | - | 0.009 | - | - | - |
斜肋齿蜷 Sermyla riqueti | - | - | 0.111 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | 0.267 | 0.713 | 0.455 | 0.349 |
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula | 0.058 | 0.014 | 0.065 | - | - | - | - | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea | - | 0.005 | 0.161 | 0.070 | - | - | 0.001 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.052 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
古氏滩栖螺 Batillaria cumingii | - | - | - | 0.024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata | 0.480 | 0.320 | 0.066 | 0.215 | - | 0.005 | 0.003 | - | - | - | 0.277 | 0.113 |
尖锥拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea largillierti | 0.025 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
小翼拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea microptera | 0.003 | 0.098 | 0.017 | - | - | 0.008 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
桑切氏两栖螺 Salinator sanchezi | 0.027 | 0.030 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
表2 海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物优势种指数值(优势种为加粗斜体数字对应的种类)
Table 2 Values of dominance index of mangrove mollusks in the west coast of Hainan Island. Dominant species were marked with bold italic.
种类 Species | 四必湾 Sibi Bay | 儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 盐丁 Yanding | 新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 花场湾 Huachang Bay | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | 雨季 Rainy season | 旱季 Dry season | |
团聚牡蛎 Saccostrea glomerata | 0.006 | 0.000 | - | 0.002 | 0.114 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.003 | - | - | 0.000 | 0.001 |
斯氏印澳蛤 Indoaustriella scarlatoi | - | - | 0.005 | 0.007 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.040 | 0.032 |
台湾朽叶蛤 Coecella formaosae | - | - | - | - | - | 0.063 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
圆胖樱蛤 Pinguitellina cycladiformis | - | - | - | - | - | 0.003 | 0.842 | 0.714 | - | - | - | 0.000 |
拟箱美丽蛤 Merisca capsoides | - | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.003 | 0.061 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - |
花蚬 Cyrenodonax formosana | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.347 | 0.056 | 0.003 | - |
红树蚬 Geloina coaxans | - | - | - | 0.048 | - | - | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.050 | 0.020 |
豆彩螺 Clithon faba | - | - | - | - | - | 0.333 | - | - | - | 0.006 | 0.001 | - |
奥莱彩螺 Clithon oualaniensis | 0.045 | 0.012 | 0.010 | - | - | 0.003 | - | - | 0.009 | - | - | - |
斜肋齿蜷 Sermyla riqueti | - | - | 0.111 | 0.001 | - | - | - | - | 0.267 | 0.713 | 0.455 | 0.349 |
短拟沼螺 Assiminea brevicula | 0.058 | 0.014 | 0.065 | - | - | - | - | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea | - | 0.005 | 0.161 | 0.070 | - | - | 0.001 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 0.052 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
古氏滩栖螺 Batillaria cumingii | - | - | - | 0.024 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata | 0.480 | 0.320 | 0.066 | 0.215 | - | 0.005 | 0.003 | - | - | - | 0.277 | 0.113 |
尖锥拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea largillierti | 0.025 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
小翼拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea microptera | 0.003 | 0.098 | 0.017 | - | - | 0.008 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
桑切氏两栖螺 Salinator sanchezi | 0.027 | 0.030 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
参数 Parameters | 地点 Site | 季节 Season | 地点 × 季节 Site × Season | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
平均密度 Average density | 5.085 | 0.000*** | 0.079 | 0.780 | 0.743 | 0.595 |
平均生物量 Average biomass | 1.898 | 0.111 | 0.003 | 0.960 | 0.442 | 0.817 |
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (d) | 2.068 | 0.087 | 1.923 | 0.172 | 0.417 | 0.835 |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 5.878 | 0.000*** | 8.001 | 0.007** | 3.276 | 0.012* |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J) | 2.065 | 0.087 | 11.175 | 0.002** | 3.148 | 0.016* |
AZTI海洋生物指数 AZTI marine biotic index (AMBI) | 2.844 | 0.024* | 0.859 | 0.358 | 3.996 | 0.004* |
多因子AZTI海洋生物指数 Multivariate-AZTI marine biotic index (M-AMBI) | 10.962 | 0.000*** | 7.369 | 0.009** | 5.251 | 0.000*** |
表3 海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物群落参数的双因素方差校验分析结果
Table 3 Results of two-way ANOVA on mangrove mollusk community parameters in the west coast of Hainan Island
参数 Parameters | 地点 Site | 季节 Season | 地点 × 季节 Site × Season | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
平均密度 Average density | 5.085 | 0.000*** | 0.079 | 0.780 | 0.743 | 0.595 |
平均生物量 Average biomass | 1.898 | 0.111 | 0.003 | 0.960 | 0.442 | 0.817 |
Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (d) | 2.068 | 0.087 | 1.923 | 0.172 | 0.417 | 0.835 |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') | 5.878 | 0.000*** | 8.001 | 0.007** | 3.276 | 0.012* |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J) | 2.065 | 0.087 | 11.175 | 0.002** | 3.148 | 0.016* |
AZTI海洋生物指数 AZTI marine biotic index (AMBI) | 2.844 | 0.024* | 0.859 | 0.358 | 3.996 | 0.004* |
多因子AZTI海洋生物指数 Multivariate-AZTI marine biotic index (M-AMBI) | 10.962 | 0.000*** | 7.369 | 0.009** | 5.251 | 0.000*** |
图5 海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物的群落聚类图(S1-S16: 断面; R: 雨季; D: 旱季)
Fig. 5 Cluster dendrogram for mangrove mollusk communities in the west coast of Hainan Island. S1-S16, Transects; R, Rainy season; D, Dry season.
站位 Sites | 生态分组I EG I (%) | 生态分组II EG II (%) | 生态分组III EG III (%) | 生态分组IV EG IV (%) | 生态分组V EG V (%) | 未分配率 Not assigned (%) | Mean AMBI | 扰动等级 Disturbance classification | M-AMBI | 状态 Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雨季 Rainy season | ||||||||||
四必湾 Sibi Bay | 83.0 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 0.296 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.708 | 优良 Good |
儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 57.8 | 42.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.719 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.697 | 优良 Good |
盐丁 Yanding | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.500 | 中度干扰 Moderately disturbed | 0.134 | 恶劣 Bad |
新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 98.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.045 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.532 | 一般 Moderate |
马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 97.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 70.1 | 0.136 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.514 | 一般 Moderate |
花场湾 Huachang Bay | 97.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 7.3 | 0.092 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.639 | 优良 Good |
旱季 Dry season | ||||||||||
四必湾 Sibi Bay | 86.4 | 13.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.7 | 0.348 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.679 | 优良 Good |
儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 69.3 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 18.8 | 0.899 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.616 | 一般 Moderate |
盐丁 Yanding | 90.4 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 0.223 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.557 | 一般 Moderate |
新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 76.9 | 22.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.528 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.550 | 一般 Moderate |
马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 85.9 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 0.507 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.601 | 一般 Moderate |
花场湾 Huachang Bay | 90.2 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.501 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.775 | 优良 Good |
表4 海南岛西海岸红树林软体动物的AZTI海洋生物指数(AMBI)和多因子AZTI海洋生物指数(M-AMBI)
Table 4 Results of AMBI and M-AMBI for each sites in the west coast of Hainan Island
站位 Sites | 生态分组I EG I (%) | 生态分组II EG II (%) | 生态分组III EG III (%) | 生态分组IV EG IV (%) | 生态分组V EG V (%) | 未分配率 Not assigned (%) | Mean AMBI | 扰动等级 Disturbance classification | M-AMBI | 状态 Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雨季 Rainy season | ||||||||||
四必湾 Sibi Bay | 83.0 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 0.296 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.708 | 优良 Good |
儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 57.8 | 42.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.719 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.697 | 优良 Good |
盐丁 Yanding | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.500 | 中度干扰 Moderately disturbed | 0.134 | 恶劣 Bad |
新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 98.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.045 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.532 | 一般 Moderate |
马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 97.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 70.1 | 0.136 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.514 | 一般 Moderate |
花场湾 Huachang Bay | 97.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 7.3 | 0.092 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.639 | 优良 Good |
旱季 Dry season | ||||||||||
四必湾 Sibi Bay | 86.4 | 13.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.7 | 0.348 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.679 | 优良 Good |
儋州湾 Danzhou Bay | 69.3 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 18.8 | 0.899 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.616 | 一般 Moderate |
盐丁 Yanding | 90.4 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 0.223 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.557 | 一般 Moderate |
新盈湾 Xinying Bay | 76.9 | 22.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.528 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.550 | 一般 Moderate |
马袅湾 Maniao Bay | 85.9 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 0.507 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.601 | 一般 Moderate |
花场湾 Huachang Bay | 90.2 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.501 | 无干扰 Undisturbed | 0.775 | 优良 Good |
调查地点 Research sites | 种数 Species number | 密度 Density (ind./m2) | 生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 数据来源 Source of data |
---|---|---|---|---|
广西沿海 Guangxi Coast | 117 | - | - | |
广西北仑河口 Beilun Estuary, Guangxi | 49 | - | - | |
广西防城港 Fangcheng Harbor, Guangxi | 125 | 234 | 126 | |
广西茅尾海 Maowei Sea, Guangxi | 27 | - | - | |
广西山口 Shankou, Guangxi | 81 | - | - | |
广东廉江高桥 Gaoqiao, Lianjiang, Guangdong | 158 | 115 | 46 | |
广东雷州半岛 Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong | 110 | - | - | |
海南东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan | 149 | 373 | 192 | 章慧, 2016 |
海南岛西海岸 West coast of Hainan | 201 | 312 | 149 | 本文 This study |
表5 北部湾不同红树林软体动物种类、密度和生物量的比较
Table 5 Comparison of mangrove mollusk diversity, density and biomass in Beibu Gulf
调查地点 Research sites | 种数 Species number | 密度 Density (ind./m2) | 生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 数据来源 Source of data |
---|---|---|---|---|
广西沿海 Guangxi Coast | 117 | - | - | |
广西北仑河口 Beilun Estuary, Guangxi | 49 | - | - | |
广西防城港 Fangcheng Harbor, Guangxi | 125 | 234 | 126 | |
广西茅尾海 Maowei Sea, Guangxi | 27 | - | - | |
广西山口 Shankou, Guangxi | 81 | - | - | |
广东廉江高桥 Gaoqiao, Lianjiang, Guangdong | 158 | 115 | 46 | |
广东雷州半岛 Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong | 110 | - | - | |
海南东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan | 149 | 373 | 192 | 章慧, 2016 |
海南岛西海岸 West coast of Hainan | 201 | 312 | 149 | 本文 This study |
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