花对称性的研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.06040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花对称性(floral symmetry)是被子植物花部结构的典型特性之一, 主要有辐射对称和两侧对称两种形式。被子植物初始起源的花为辐射对称, 而两侧对称的花则是由辐射对称的花演变而来。两侧对称的花部结构是被子植物进化过程中的一个关键的革新, 被认为是物种形成和分化的关键推动力之一。近年来有关花对称性的形成和进化机制的研究在植物学科的不同领域均取得了长足的进展。本文综述了花对称性在发育生物学、传粉生物学、生殖生态学及分子生物学等方面的研究进展。两侧对称形成于被子植物花器官发育的起始阶段, 随后贯穿整个花器官发育过程或者出现在花器官发育后期的不同阶段。花器官发育过程中一种或多种类型器官的败育以及特异性花器官结构的形成是两侧对称形成的主要原因。研究表明, 在传粉过程的不同阶段, 花对称性均会受到传粉昆虫介导的选择作用。相比辐射对称的花, 两侧对称的花提高了特异性传粉者的选择作用, 增加了花粉落置的精确性, 进而确保了其生殖成功。花对称性的分子机理已经在多种双子叶植物中进行了深入的研究。现有的证据表明, CYC同源基因在花对称性的分子调控方面起着非常重要的作用。花对称性在被子植物进化过程中是如何起源, 与其他花部构成之间是否协同作用, 一些不符合一般模式的科属其花对称性的形成机制等都是今后要进一步研究的命题。

关键词: 花对称性, 进化, 发育, 遗传控制

Abstract

Floral symmetry is a classical feature of floral diversity. Actinomorphy and zygomorphy are two main types of floral symmetry in angiosperms. Zygomorphic flowers are thought to have evolved from ancestors whose flowers are actinomorphic. Transition from actinomorphy to zygomorphy has been recognized as a key innovation and is considered crucial in the rapid diversification of angiosperms. In recent years, great progress has been made towards understanding the mechanisms underlying changes in floral symmetry during the evolution of angiosperms in wide-ranging botanical disciplines. Evidence from floral development studies indicates that zygomorphy appears before organ initiation, and persists throughout floral development, or appears later at various stages of development. Reduction, suppression and differential elaboration of floral organs are the major determinants of zygomophy. Floral symmetry is strongly selected by pollinators during the different stages of pollination process. In addition, the tighter flower-pollinator interaction found in zygomorhpic flowers may contribute to increased reproductive success through increased precision in pollen placement on the pollinator’s body. The molecular base of flower symmetry has been explored in core eudicots, and available evidence indicates that CYC-like genes play an important role in the control of zygomorphy. Future prospects in the study of floral symmetry in development biology, pollination biology and molecular genetics are discussed.

Key words: floral symmetry, evolution, development, genetic control

李交昆, 唐璐璐 (2012) 花对称性的研究进展. 生物多样性, 20, 280-285. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.06040.

Jiaokun Li, Lulu Tang (2012) Progress in the study of floral symmetry. Biodiversity Science, 20, 280-285. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.06040.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.06040

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I3/280

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