生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 23491.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023491  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023491

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    

降水格局改变及氮沉降对北方典型草原土壤线虫多样性的影响

曹可欣1, 王敬雯1, 郑国1, 武鹏峰1, 李英滨2, 崔淑艳1,*()   

  1. 1.沈阳师范大学生命科学学院, 沈阳 110034
    2.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所/森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-26 接受日期:2024-02-18 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-06
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: cui.shu.yan@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31970410);区域创新发展联合基金(U20A2083);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2002083)

Effects of precipitation regime change and nitrogen deposition on soil nematode diversity in the grassland of northern China

Kexin Cao1, Jingwen Wang1, Guo Zheng1, Pengfeng Wu1, Yingbin Li2, Shuyan Cui1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034
    2 Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Manegement, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
  • Received:2023-12-26 Accepted:2024-02-18 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-06
  • Contact: *E-mail: cui.shu.yan@163.com

摘要:

在全球气候变化的影响下, 干旱和半干旱地区的降水格局呈现出降雨强度增加、降雨频率减少但降雨总量不变的趋势。大气氮沉降作为另一个全球气候变化的重要因子, 沉降速率逐年加剧, 显著影响生态功能及过程。线虫是陆地生态系统中最主要的土壤生物, 参与多种地下生态过程。线虫群落的多样性尤其是功能、系统发育多样性如何对降水格局的改变做出响应, 以及氮沉降如何调节这些响应, 目前仍不清楚。本研究利用中国科学院植物研究所多伦恢复生态学试验研究站长期模拟降水格局改变及氮沉降添加试验平台, 开展了5个降雨强度(2 mm、5 mm、10 mm、20 mm、40 mm)处理和氮添加(10 g N·m-2·yr-1)对土壤线虫分类、功能和系统发育多样性的影响研究。结果表明, 降水强度较强但频率较低可以提高线虫的分类α多样性、功能α多样性、系统发育α多样性; 同时降低了分类β多样性和系统发育β多样性。然而, 氮添加降低了中高强度降水处理下线虫的分类α多样性、功能α多样性、系统发育α多样性, 同时提高了分类β多样性、功能β多样性和系统发育β多样性。土壤含水量和土壤微生物量碳含量是影响线虫功能及系统发育多样性的主要因素。本研究结果表明, 由于全球气候变化, 未来几十年降雨强度的增加可能有利于干旱和半干旱生态系统中的土壤线虫功能多样性和系统发育多样性。然而, 在氮沉降严重的地区, 这种正效应可能会被氮沉降导致的土壤环境的恶化所抵消。

关键词: 土壤线虫, 降水格局变化, 氮沉降, 功能多样性, 系统发育多样性, 气候变化

Abstract

Aims: Changes in precipitation and nitrogen deposition significantly affect ecological functions and processes. As the most important soil organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, nematodes participate in various ecological processes. However, it remains unclear how the functional and phylogenetic diversity of nematode communities respond to changes in precipitation patterns and how nitrogen deposition regulates these responses. This paper aims to explore the effects of long-term precipitation intensity changes on soil nematode diversity and how changes in precipitation patterns affect soil nematode functional and phylogenetic diversity with and without nitrogen addition.
Methods: In this study, an 8-year experimental simulation of precipitation patterns and nitrogen addition was conducted, including precipitation intensity 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm and nitrogen addition (10 g N·m-2·yr-1). The diversity of soil nematodes was determined through taxonomy.
Results: The results showed that larger precipitation intensity increased the functional α diversity and phylogenetic α diversity of soil nematodes, while decreasing the taxonomic β diversity and phylogenetic β diversity. Nitrogen addition decreased the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic α diversity, while increasing taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β diversity. An increase in functional and phylogenetic diversity was observed under moderated and high precipitation intensity treatments. Soil water content and soil microbial biomass carbon content were the main factors impacting the functional and phylogenetic diversity of soil nematodes.
Conclusions: Due to global climate change, an increase in rainfall intensity in the coming decades may favor an increase in soil nematode functional and phylogenetic diversity in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, in areas with heavy nitrogen deposition, this positive effect may be offset by the deterioration of the soil environment caused by nitrogen deposition.

Key words: soil nematode, precipitation regime change, nitrogen deposition, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, climate change