生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 22436.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022436

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

喜旱莲子草原产地和入侵地种群的植物-土壤反馈差异

沈诗韵1, 潘远飞1, 陈丽茹1, 土艳丽4, 潘晓云1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1.复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 上海 200438
    2.西藏大学-复旦大学生物多样性与全球变化联合实验室, 拉萨 850000
    3.西藏大学生命科学系与生物多样性研究所, 拉萨 850000
    4.西藏自治区高原生物研究所, 拉萨 850001
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-30 接受日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 潘晓云
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: xypan@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32071659)

Plant-soil feedbacks differ between native and introduced populations of Alternanthera philoxeroides

Shiyun Shen1, Yuanfei Pan1, Liru Chen1, Yanli Tu4, Xiaoyun Pan1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438
    2 Tibet University-Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Lhasa 850000
    3 Institute of Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000
    4 Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001
  • Received:2022-07-30 Accepted:2022-09-27 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2022-12-30
  • Contact: Xiaoyun Pan

摘要:

植物-土壤反馈是植物通过生长改变根际土壤环境, 从而影响后续植物生长发育的生态学过程。入侵植物从原产地扩散到入侵地后, 可能会经历植物本身的适应性进化而对土壤环境产生不同影响, 从而使负向植物-土壤反馈降低, 甚至转为正反馈。以往对入侵植物的植物-土壤反馈研究多集中于比较其与本地种、其他入侵种之间的差异, 而较少关注入侵植物的入侵地种群和原产地种群在入侵地的差异。本研究采用同质园实验比较了喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵地(中国)和原产地(阿根廷)种群是否存在对入侵地土壤的植物-土壤反馈差异以及如何通过土壤微生物群落来影响反馈结果。结果表明: (1)喜旱莲子草入侵地种群的反馈表现为正, 原产地种群表现为中性。(2)入侵地种群显著增加了土壤的细菌和真菌群落多样性, 原产地种群与对照土壤无显著差异。这些结果表明, 喜旱莲子草入侵地种群在扩散过程中, 对土壤微生物群落的调节作用发生了改变, 从而产生正向的植物-土壤反馈效应。

关键词: 植物-土壤反馈, 植物入侵, 进化, 土壤微生物

Abstract

Aims: Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is an ecological process in which plants transform the rhizosphere soil environment through growth, thereby impacting the subsequent growth and development of plants. Invasive plants may undergo adaptive evolution, therefore causing different effects on soil environments and impacting the strengths of PSF. Previous studies on PSF of invasive plants focused on comparing the differences between invasive and native plants or between invasive and other invasive species. However, there are relatively few studies dealing with the differences between introduced and native populations (invasive and non-invasive populations) of invasive plants. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment with Alternanthera philoxeroides to study whether native and introduced populations of invasive plants differ in plant-soil feedback in introduced area and how soil microorganisms affect the feedback results. Specially, we addressed the following questions: (1) Is there a difference in PSF between native and introduced populations in the area introduced by A. philoxeroides? (2) Is there a difference in the diversity of the soil rhizosphere microbial community between native and introduced populations of A. philoxeroides?

Methods: We conducted a common garden experiment in Jiangwan Campus of Fudan University (121°30° E, 31°20° N), Shanghai City in which we grew sixteen populations of the invasive plant A. philoxeroides collected from both the native (Argentina) and the introduced range (China). After nine weeks of growing, we harvested the plants and processed the soil to measure: bacterial diversity (i.e., bacterial richness and bacterial Shannon index), and fungal diversity (i.e., fungal richness and fungal Shannon index). We then cultivated three types of soil (soil conditioned by native populations, soil conditioned by introduced populations and controlled soil) to test their PSF. After five weeks of growing, all plants were collected and the following variables were measured: (1) total biomass, (2) aboveground biomass, (3) underground biomass, and (4) storage root biomass.

Results: The PSF from introduced A. philoxeroides populations was positive while the PSF of native populations was neutral. The introduced populations showed significant increases in soil bacterial richness (+ 118.3%), bacterial Shannon index (+ 70.0%), fungal richness (+ 76.3%) and fungal Shannon index (+ 193.2%). However, there was no significant difference between the soils conditioned by native populations and the controlled soil.

Conclusions: These results indicate that in the process of dispersal, the regulation of soil microorganisms by the introduced populations of A. philoxeroides has changed, producing positive plant-soil feedback. Our results provide new experimental evidence for the transformation of PSF in invasive species. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanisms of successful invasion by alien plants in the future which is necessary for the control and prevention of future plant invasion.

Key words: plant-soil feedback, plant invasion, evolution, microorganism