植物入侵导致群落谱系结构更加聚集: 以广西国家级自然保护区草本植物为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024175

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 24175. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024175 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024175

植物入侵导致群落谱系结构更加聚集: 以广西国家级自然保护区草本植物为例

杨向林¹^,²(), 赵彩云¹^,^*()(), 李俊生³, 种方方¹^,⁴(), 李文金²()

1.中国环境科学研究院生态研究所, 北京 100012
2.兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000
3.中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心, 北京 100055
4.郑州大学生态与环境学院, 郑州 450001

收稿日期:2024-05-09 接受日期:2024-07-17 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-08-01
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhaocy@craes.org.cn
基金资助:
生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1201100)

Invasive plant species lead to a more clustered community phylogenetic structure: An analysis of herbaceous plants in Guangxi’s national nature reserves

Xianglin Yang¹^,²(), Caiyun Zhao¹^,^*()(), Junsheng Li³, Fangfang Chong¹^,⁴(), Wenjin Li²()

1. Institue of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2. College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
3. Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing 100055, China
4. College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Received:2024-05-09 Accepted:2024-07-17 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-08-01
Contact: *E-mail: zhaocy@craes.org.cn
Supported by:
Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project(2019HJ2096001006);National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC1201100)

1. 附录.pdf(2620KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来植物入侵威胁着自然保护区的原生群落结构和生态系统功能, 其中以草本植物尤为明显。为明晰外来入侵草本物种组成及其对保护区植物群落谱系结构的影响, 本研究对广西13个国家级自然保护区进行了野外调查, 基于1,046个样方数据并结合从GenBank获取的rbcL、matK和ITS核苷酸序列构建系统发育树, 以平均系统发育距离的标准化效应(the standardized effect size of MPD, SES.MPD)和平均最邻近系统发育距离的标准化效应(the standardized effect size of MNTD, SES.MNTD)两个指标衡量草本群落的谱系结构变化。结果表明: (1) 13个保护区共发现外来入侵草本植物47种, 隶属于15科38属, 32种(68.1%)为严重和恶性入侵类, 且主要是原产于美洲的一年生菊科草本。所调查的保护区均遭受入侵, 大明山保护区外来入侵植物数量最高, 达24种, 元宝山保护区外来入侵植物数量最低, 仅为5种。(2)在两种系统发育度量水平上, 无论原生草本群落的谱系结构是聚集还是发散, 8个(61.5%)保护区均由于外来物种入侵而导致草本群落的聚集性增加。本研究从系统发育的角度探索了外来入侵植物对生物多样性的影响, 为未来自然保护区的入侵植物防控提供了理论基础。

关键词: 国家级自然保护区, 草本植物, 群落系统发育结构, 外来入侵效应

Abstract

Aims: Invasive alien plants, particularly herbaceous species, posed a threat to the native community structure and ecosystem functions of nature reserves. This study aims to investigate the influence of invasive alien herbs on the phylogenetic structure of plant communities across 13 national nature reserves in Guangxi.

Methods: A total of 1,046 plots were surveyed for herbaceous plants in 13 national nature reserves. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using species data and nucleotide sequences, including the rbcL, matK, and ITS obtained from GenBank. The structural composition of herb communities was assessed using standardized effect sizes of mean phylogenetic distance and mean nearest-taxon distance (SES.MPD and SES.MNTD). R software was used to visualize the phylogenetic changes in herb communities following the naturalization of invasive alien herbs.

Results (1) Forty-seven species of invasive alien herb plants (from 38 genera and 15 families) were recorded in 13 national nature reserves. Thirty-two (68.1%) of these species were classified as serious and malignant invasive species, predominantly comprising annual Asteraceae herbs originating from the Americas. Each national nature reserve were affected by invasive alien herbs, with the highest number of species found in Damingshan National Nature Reserve (24 species) and the lowest number found in Yuanbaoshan National Nature Reserve (5 species). (2) In eight (61.5%) national nature reserves, the introduction of invasive alien herbs consistently led to reduced phylogenetic diversity at two phylogenetic levels, regardless of whether these communities were initially clustered or overdispersed. This reduction indicated increased phylogenetic clustering among herb communities.

Conclusion: Compared to communities composed solely of native species, the inclusion of invasive alien species leads to a more clustered phylogenetic structure. We examined the impacts of alien invasion on biodiversity from a phylogenetic perspective, provides a theoretical foundation for future prevention and management of invasive alien plants in nature reserves.

Key words: national nature reserves, herbaceous species, community phylogenetic structure, alien invasion effect

杨向林, 赵彩云, 李俊生, 种方方, 李文金 (2024) 植物入侵导致群落谱系结构更加聚集: 以广西国家级自然保护区草本植物为例. 生物多样性, 32, 24175. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024175.

Xianglin Yang, Caiyun Zhao, Junsheng Li, Fangfang Chong, Wenjin Li (2024) Invasive plant species lead to a more clustered community phylogenetic structure: An analysis of herbaceous plants in Guangxi’s national nature reserves. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24175. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024175.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024175

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24175

图/表 6

图1 广西不同国家级自然保护区草本植物群落基于Hill数的稀疏化和外推曲线。图a、b、c分别为物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数随采样个体数量的变化趋势。A-M分别代表大明山、雅长兰科植物、岑王老山、大瑶山、十万大山、九万山、恩城、北仑河口、山口红树林、金花茶、猫儿山、弄岗和元宝山国家级自然保护区。

Fig. 1 Rarefaction and extrapolation curves based on Hill number of herbaceous plant communities in different national nature reserves in Guangxi. Subfigure a, b and c show the changing trends of species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index with the number of sampled individuals, respectively. A‒M respectively represent Damingshan, Yachang Orchid, Cenwanglaoshan, Dayaoshan, Shiwandashan, Jiuwanshan, Encheng, Beilun Estuary, Shankou Mangrove, Yellow Camellia, Maoershan, Nonggang and Yuanbaoshan national nature reserves.

图2 广西13个国家级自然保护区外来入侵草本植物的物种丰富度

Fig. 2 Species richness of invasive alien herb plants in 13 national nature reserves of Guangxi

图3 广西13个自然保护区按科(a)、入侵等级(b)、原产地(c)和生活型(d)划分的外来入侵草本植物种类比例。A-M分别代表大明山、雅长兰科植物、岑王老山、大瑶山、十万大山、九万山、恩城、北仑河口、山口红树林、金花茶、猫儿山、弄岗和元宝山国家级自然保护区。

Fig. 3 Species proportions of invasive alien herbs by family (a), invasive level (b), origin (c) and lifeform (d) in each nature reserve. A-M respectively represent Damingshan, Yachang Orchid, Cenwanglaoshan, Dayaoshan, Shiwandashan, Jiuwanshan, Encheng, Beilun Estuary, Shankou Mangrove, Yellow Camellia, Maoershan, Nonggang and Yuanbaoshan national nature reserves.

图4 广西国家级自然保护区草本植物群落平均谱系结构变化。SES.MPD: 平均谱系距离标准化效应值。从圆圈(仅本地物种)到三角(全部物种)的位移表示群落平均系统发育结构的变化。全部草本群落值 > 本地草本群落值, 表明引进外来入侵物种导致了系统发育分散; 全部草本群落值 < 本地草本群落值, 表明引进外来入侵物种导致了系统发育聚集。

Fig. 4 The changes in herbaceous plant community structure in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs) based on SES.MPD. SES.MPD, The standardized effect size value of mean pairwise phylogenetic distance. The displacement from circle (native assemblage only) to triangle (full assemblage) represents the changes in mean phylogenetic structure. When SES.MPD of full assemblage is greater than that of native assemblage, it indicates that the phylogenetic divergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species. Conversely, the value of full assemblage is less than the value of native assemblage, it indicates that the phylogenetic convergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species.

图5 广西国家级自然保护区草本植物群落平均最邻近谱系结构变化。SES.MNTD: 平均最邻近谱系距离标准化效应值。从圆圈(仅本地物种)到三角(全部物种)的位移表示群落平均最邻近系统发育结构的变化。全部草本群落值 > 本地草本群落值, 表明引进外来入侵物种导致了系统发育分散; 全部草本群落值 < 本地草本群落值, 表明引进外来入侵物种导致了系统发育聚集。

Fig. 5 The changes of herbaceous plant community structure in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs) based on SES.MNTD. SES.MNTD, The standardized effect size value of mean nearest taxon phylogenetic distance. The displacement from circle (native assemblage only) to triangle (full assemblage) represents the changes of mean nearest phylogenetic structure. The value (SES.MNTD) of full assemblage > value of native assemblage, indicating that the phylogenetic divergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species. While the value of full assemblage < value of native assemblage, indicating that the phylogenetic convergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species.

图6 广西国家级自然保护区草本植物群落ΔSES.MPD (a)和ΔSES.MNTD (b)的单样本Wilcoxon检验结果。ΔSES.MPD: 平均谱系距离的标准化效应变化量; ΔSES.MNTD: 平均最邻近谱系距离的标准化效应变化量。蓝色箱体代表各自然保护区ΔSES.MPD和ΔSES.MNTD值的分布情况, 绿色代表所有13个保护区。误差棒显示第10、90百分位, 框内黑竖线条为中位数。*表示ΔSES.MPD或ΔSES.MNTD与零值比较具有显著性差异(P < 0.05); **表示极显著性差异(P < 0.01); ns表示差异不显著(P > 0.05)。红色虚线表示零轴。

Fig. 6 The one-sample wilcoxon test results of ΔSES.MPD (a) and ΔSES.MNTD (b) for herbaceous plant community in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs). Blue box represents the distribution of ΔSES.MPD and ΔSES.MNTD values of each national nature reserve, while the green box represents all 13 reserves. ΔSES.MPD, The change of standardized effect size of MPD; ΔSES.MNTD, The change of standardized effect size of MNTD. Error bar displays the 10th and 90th percentiles, and black vertical lines inside the box represent the median. * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) between ΔSES.MPD or ΔSES.MNTD and zero values, ** indicates extremely significant differences (P < 0.01), and ns indicates nonsignificant differences (P > 0.05). The red dashed line represents the zero axis.

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植物入侵导致群落谱系结构更加聚集: 以广西国家级自然保护区草本植物为例

Invasive plant species lead to a more clustered community phylogenetic structure: An analysis of herbaceous plants in Guangxi’s national nature reserves

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