生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 443-450.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08202

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于形态特征和线粒体COI基因探讨扶桑绵粉蚧物种的有效性并记述一体色变异型扶桑绵粉蚧

陈哲, 张姜, 傅杭飞, 许争争, 邓坤正, 张加勇*()   

  1. 浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院生态研究所, 浙江金华 321004
  • 收稿日期:2011-11-03 接受日期:2012-05-11 出版日期:2012-07-20 发布日期:2012-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 张加勇
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: zhang3599533@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31000966);浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划项目(2010C32064)

On the validity of the species Phenacoccus solenopsis based on morphological and mitochondrial COI data, with the description of a new body color variety

Zhe Chen, Jiang Zhang, Hangfei Fu, Zhengzheng Xu, Kunzheng Deng, Jiayong Zhang*()   

  1. Institute of Ecology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004
  • Received:2011-11-03 Accepted:2012-05-11 Online:2012-07-20 Published:2012-09-12
  • Contact: Jiayong Zhang

摘要:

扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)于2008年首次在广东发现, 到目前为止, 浙江、广西、云南等10多个省市均有其入侵的报道。为探讨入侵中国的扶桑绵粉蚧是否存在两大隐存谱系或姊妹种的复合种, 作者对浙江的该物种进行了调查。在调查过程中, 发现体色浅橘黄色、背部具三对黄色斑点的体色变异型个体, 通过形态特征比较和线粒体COI基因部分序列的分析, 证实该体色变异型粉蚧为扶桑绵粉蚧。同时对中国、巴基斯坦、美国的扶桑绵粉蚧COI基因序列进行碱基差异比较、遗传距离(genetic distance)分析, 发现所扩增的浙江省内6个地点7种不同寄主植物上的25条扶桑绵粉蚧COI基因(694 bp)可以分成3种单倍型, 这3种单倍型与中国海南、中国广州、巴基斯坦和美国加州的扶桑绵粉蚧遗传分歧较小(0-1.0%), 而与美国佛罗里达州的遗传分歧较大(3-3.6%); 但两者遗传距离小于绵粉蚧属内物种之间的遗传距离(13.0-17.2%)。综合形态特征和COI基因数据的分析结果显示, 扶桑绵粉蚧可能没有达到种间分化。基于碱基差异所构建的网络关系图、遗传分歧差异和系统发生关系分析, 扶桑绵粉蚧存在两个进化支系, 至于是否是复合种, 目前尚难作结论, 还有待更多证据。

关键词: 扶桑绵粉蚧, 生物入侵, 遗传多样性, COI, 体色变异

Abstract

Phenacoccus solenopsis, an exotic invasive species, was firstly reported in 2008 in Guangdong, China. Since it’s discovery, P. solenopsis has been observed in Zhejiang, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces. To discuss whether two cryptic evolutionary lineages or the P. solenopsis complex species existed, we surveyed and sequenced P. solenopsis in Zhejiang Province. During surveys for P. solenopsis in Zhejiang Province, we found P. solenopsis individuals with yellowish color on the body and three pairs of yellow spots on the back. To evaluate potential genetic divergence among these phenotypes, we sequenced mtDNA COI gene sequences (694 bp) of 25 individuals from seven host plants in six locations. We analyzed these sequences and the known sequences of P. solenopsis from GenBank and discovered three haplotypes. Additionally, we calculated intra-species genetic distance of P. solenopsis and inter-species genetic distance of the genus Phenacoccus and constructed phylogenetic trees of P. solenopsis. We found that genetic divergence of P. solenopsis was 0-1.0% compared to samples from Chinese provinces (i.e., Zhejiang, Hainan, Guangdong), the United States (i.e., California), and Pakistan, and varied from 3-3.6% to samples collected from other areas of the United States (i.e., Florida). Further, intra-species genetic distance was obviously smaller than inter-species genetic distance in Phenacoccus(13.0-17.2%). Based on the morphological characters and mt COI gene sequence analysis, these individuals with phenotypic differences are likely true P. solenopsis. However, two distinct evolutionary lineages appear to exist in P. solenopsis, and further evidence is necessary to draw reliable conclusions on the existence of a P. solenopsis complex species.

Key words: Phenacoccus solenopsis, biological invasion, genetic divergence, COI, body-color variation