梯级水利工程背景下的嘉陵江干流蛇鮈群体遗传多样性和遗传结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2023160

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 23160. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023160

• 研究报告: 遗传多样性 • 下一篇

梯级水利工程背景下的嘉陵江干流蛇鮈群体遗传多样性和遗传结构

何艺玥¹, 刘玉莹¹, 张富斌³^,⁴, 秦强³^,⁴, 曾燏¹^,⁴, 吕振宇¹, 杨坤¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1.西华师范大学生命科学学院, 四川南充 637009
2.西华师范大学生态研究院, 四川南充 637002
3.西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 四川南充 637009
4.国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心(武汉)西南分中心, 四川南充 637009

收稿日期:2023-05-22 接受日期:2023-10-18 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-29
通讯作者: * E-mail: kun_yang028@163.com
作者简介:^# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(18Q052)

Genetic diversity and population structure of Saurogobio dabryi under cascade water conservancy projects in the Jialing River

Yiyue He¹, Yuying Liu¹, Fubin Zhang³^,⁴, Qiang Qin³^,⁴, Yu Zeng¹^,⁴, Zhenyu Lü¹, Kun Yang¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1 College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009
2 Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002
3 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009
4 Southwest Branch Center of National Freshwater Fishery Engineering Technology Research Center (Wuhan), Nanchong, Sichuan 637009

Received:2023-05-22 Accepted:2023-10-18 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-29
Contact: * E-mail: kun_yang028@163.com
About author:^# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着嘉陵江航道渠化工程建设逐步完成, 由此造成的嘉陵江水生生境破碎化、鱼类资源衰退等问题日益凸显。在这种情形下, 鱼类的遗传多样性是否受到影响, 是非常令人关心的问题。2018年7-12月于嘉陵江干流朝天区(CT)、苍溪县(CX)、蓬安县(PA)、合川区(HC) 4个区域采集蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)样本113尾, 以线粒体控制区序列和微卫星位点为分子标记, 研究梯级水利工程背景下蛇鮈种群的遗传多样性与遗传结构。结果显示: 在遗传多样性分析中, 无论是线粒体数据还是微卫星标记, 下游江段HC种群的遗传多样性参数(PIC = 0.543, π = 0.0264, Hd = 0.940)均显著高于中上游江段CT、CX和PA种群, 推测这种现象可能与HC种群地处于长江干流交汇口有关; 相反处于上游江段的CT种群的遗传多样性和单倍型数量均较高, 推测可能与近期种群扩张有关; 在种群结构分析中, CT、CX和PA处于同一分支, HC种群成为独立一支, 单倍型网络图和系统发育分析显示同样结果, 推测与水利工程导致的地理隔离与开闸放水形成向下的基因流向有关。

关键词: 梯级水利工程, 嘉陵江, 蛇鮈, 遗传多样性

Abstract

Aims: In recent years, with nearing the completion of channelization project of the Jialing River, the fragmentation of aquatic habitats, the decline of fish resources and other issues caused by the dams are becoming increasingly acute. Under the circumstances, it has been a worrying problem that whether the fish genetic diversity has been affected. The aim of this study is to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Saurogobio dabryi population under the background of cascade water conservancy project in the Jialing River by using mitochondrial control region sequence and microsatellite loci as molecular markers.

Methods: From July to December in 2018, 113 tails of S. dabryi were collected from Jialing River where the sampled sites were Chaotian District (CT), Cangxi County (CX), Peng’an County (PA) and Hechuan District (HC), respectively. The genetic diversity and genetic structure of S. dabryi population under the background of cascade water conservancy project were studied by using the mtDNA control region sequences and 10 microsatellite loci.

Results: The results showed that in genetic diversity analysis, whether mitochondria data or microsatellite marker, the genetic diversity parameters of HC population (PIC = 0.543, π = 0.0264, Hd = 0.940) were significantly higher than upstream and midstream (CT, CX and PA) populations. It was speculated that this phenomenon may be associated with HC population was located in the Yangtze river mainstream intersection. On the contrary, the genetic diversity and haploid number of CT population was higher, which may be associated with the population expansion in CT population, recently. In the analysis of population structure, CT, CX and PA populations were in the same branch and HC population in an independent branch. Haplotype network diagram and phylogenetic analysis showed the same result, which might be related to the geographical isolation caused by water conservancy projects and the formation of downward gene flow caused by water release.

Conclusion: The research results not only reveal the genetic diversity characteristics, population structure and population dynamics of S. dabryi population in each section of Jialing River under the background of cascade water conservancy project development, but also provide basic data for the genetic research of small and medium-sized fish in Jialing River in the future. By comparing the results of this study with the morphological differences, it was verified that there were also significant genetic differences in the population of S. dabryi in each section of Jialing River under the condition of significant differences in external morphology, so the phenomenon indicates that the natural geographical differences and genetic differences shaped the genetic pattern of species together.

Key words: cascade water conservancy projects, Jialing River, Saurogobio dabryi, genetic diversity

何艺玥, 刘玉莹, 张富斌, 秦强, 曾燏, 吕振宇, 杨坤 (2023) 梯级水利工程背景下的嘉陵江干流蛇鮈群体遗传多样性和遗传结构. 生物多样性, 31, 23160. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023160.

Yiyue He, Yuying Liu, Fubin Zhang, Qiang Qin, Yu Zeng, Zhenyu Lü, Kun Yang (2023) Genetic diversity and population structure of Saurogobio dabryi under cascade water conservancy projects in the Jialing River. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23160. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023160.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023160

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I11/23160

图/表 11

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种群 Populations	样本数(尾) Sample size	体长 Body length (mm)	湿重 Wet weight (g)	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude
朝天区 CT	27	100.12 ± 26.81	15.71 ± 10.27	32.65° N	105.89° E
苍溪县 CX	28	132.04 ± 11.15	27.75 ± 6.47	31.74° N	105.96° E
蓬安县 PA	30	109.95 ± 16.58	25.43 ± 33.82	31.04° N	106.40° E
合川区 HC	28	114.84 ± 11.07	17.42 ± 4.40	29.98° N	106.29° E

种群 Populations	样本数(尾) Sample size	体长 Body length (mm)	湿重 Wet weight (g)	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude
朝天区 CT	27	100.12 ± 26.81	15.71 ± 10.27	32.65° N	105.89° E
苍溪县 CX	28	132.04 ± 11.15	27.75 ± 6.47	31.74° N	105.96° E
蓬安县 PA	30	109.95 ± 16.58	25.43 ± 33.82	31.04° N	106.40° E
合川区 HC	28	114.84 ± 11.07	17.42 ± 4.40	29.98° N	106.29° E

位点 Loci	引物序列 Primer sequence (5'-3')	重复单元 Repeat motif	片段大小 Size range (bp)	退火温度 T_m (℃)	参考来源 Reference source	登录号 Accession number
SD01	GCTCCATTCCCAACCTATAACACAT GCCTTGATGAACGGTTATGTATG	(ACAT)₁₀	98	61	sdF5010	KX250317
SD02	GTGGCTCCTTCCCTTTCACAGAGCA GATTGTACATGTGGCTCAAG	(GCA)₉	116	62	sdF6400	KX25347
SD03	ATGACAAAGGAAAACCACGAGAAA TGCAGATACAGCGCATCACTTTAG	(AAAC)₁₆	132	62	sdF5261	KX250326
SD04	CACAGACGAGGATTCCAGTCGACA TGCAGTCCCTTACCTGTTCTC	(GAG)₅	154	65	sdF6273	KX250343
SD05	TCCGTTGTTTAGGCTACTGATCAAA TGAGATGACATGACGATAGCTGTG	(GATA)₁₇	155	63	sdF6479	KX250350
SD07	ACACTACTCGTCTGCCGCAAACAA TGCAGATTGTTTCAAAGCAG	(AAAT)₂	111	53	sdF7209	KX250353
SD08	AACTGTAGGGCACGACAAATTGAT AGTCTAAACCCGTCTGCAAGAATG	(AGAC)₁₈	232	56	sdF5145	KX250320
SD09	TCTCAGATGACGTTGAGCATATTGA CATTCATCTGGGCTCACTAAAACA	(ATCT)₁₅	151	57	sdF5163	KX250321
SD10	TTTCTGTACTTGTTAGTTTGGGGTC AGATCAATTAAATGCATCATTGCTGA	(TTTC)₆	156	56	sdF5351	KX250333
SD11	CGTCTAGTGCTGAAGGAGGTGAGT TCTCAGCCTGGAACACAGAGAGAT	(ACTC)₂₅	123	62	sdF6476	KX25329

位点 Loci	引物序列 Primer sequence (5'-3')	重复单元 Repeat motif	片段大小 Size range (bp)	退火温度 T_m (℃)	参考来源 Reference source	登录号 Accession number
SD01	GCTCCATTCCCAACCTATAACACAT GCCTTGATGAACGGTTATGTATG	(ACAT)₁₀	98	61	sdF5010	KX250317
SD02	GTGGCTCCTTCCCTTTCACAGAGCA GATTGTACATGTGGCTCAAG	(GCA)₉	116	62	sdF6400	KX25347
SD03	ATGACAAAGGAAAACCACGAGAAA TGCAGATACAGCGCATCACTTTAG	(AAAC)₁₆	132	62	sdF5261	KX250326
SD04	CACAGACGAGGATTCCAGTCGACA TGCAGTCCCTTACCTGTTCTC	(GAG)₅	154	65	sdF6273	KX250343
SD05	TCCGTTGTTTAGGCTACTGATCAAA TGAGATGACATGACGATAGCTGTG	(GATA)₁₇	155	63	sdF6479	KX250350
SD07	ACACTACTCGTCTGCCGCAAACAA TGCAGATTGTTTCAAAGCAG	(AAAT)₂	111	53	sdF7209	KX250353
SD08	AACTGTAGGGCACGACAAATTGAT AGTCTAAACCCGTCTGCAAGAATG	(AGAC)₁₈	232	56	sdF5145	KX250320
SD09	TCTCAGATGACGTTGAGCATATTGA CATTCATCTGGGCTCACTAAAACA	(ATCT)₁₅	151	57	sdF5163	KX250321
SD10	TTTCTGTACTTGTTAGTTTGGGGTC AGATCAATTAAATGCATCATTGCTGA	(TTTC)₆	156	56	sdF5351	KX250333
SD11	CGTCTAGTGCTGAAGGAGGTGAGT TCTCAGCCTGGAACACAGAGAGAT	(ACTC)₂₅	123	62	sdF6476	KX25329

种群 Populations	mtDNA线粒体控制区 mtDNA control region						微卫星位点 Microsatellite loci
种群 Populations	N	H	Hd	π	n	k	A	Ai	Ho	He	PIC	Fis
朝天区 CT	27	18	0.929	0.0180	94	16.328	4.500	4.500	0.493	0.433	0.391	-0.139
苍溪县 CX	28	10	0.877	0.0100	43	9.050	4.600	5.711	0.273	0.378	0.302	0.152
蓬安县 PA	30	14	0.875	0.0120	89	10.863	6.400	6.169	0.357	0.490	0.443	0.275
合川区 HC	28	17	0.940	0.0264	129	23.818	8.700	8.319	0.483	0.579	0.543	0.150
总计 Total	113	39	0.894	0.0348	203	12.654	12	5.923	0.302	0.438	0.531	0.145

梯级水利工程背景下的嘉陵江干流蛇鮈群体遗传多样性和遗传结构

Genetic diversity and population structure of Saurogobio dabryi under cascade water conservancy projects in the Jialing River

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	总方差 Total variance	变异比率 Variation ratio (%)	固定系数 Fixed parameter	概率 Probability
组间 Intergroup	2	733.641	69.38	0.02561	0.00027 ± 0.01111
组内种群间 Intragroup inter-population	1	81.944	12.85	0.10621	0.00047 ± 0.01031
种群内个体间 Among individuals within a population	110	102.266	22.23	0.12853	0.00000 ± 0.00000
合计 Total	113	917.851

种群 Population	CT	CX	PA	HC
朝天区 CT		0.18921^*	0.01396^**	0.21069^*
苍溪县 CX	0.00028		0.03035^*	0.16243^**
蓬安县 PA	0.01624	0.01993		0.14526^**
合川区 HC	0.12140^**	0.13835^*	0.15537^*

种群 Population	A_fd	P(Th_e/d)	P(OH_e)	P(OH_d)	种群 Population	A_fd	P(Th_e/d)	P(OH_e)	P(OH_d)
朝天区 CT	L-shaped	0.64063	0.72656	0.01031	蓬安县 PA	L-shaped	0.03711	0.98633	0.19855
苍溪县 CX	L-shaped	0.01367	0.99512	0.30684	合川区 HC	L-shaped	0.00977	0.99658	0.20488

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