生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 23184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023184
收稿日期:
2023-06-04
接受日期:
2023-08-29
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-10-12
通讯作者:
*E-mail: huanghw@scbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
Chen Feng1, Jie Zhang1, Hongwen Huang1,2,3,*()
Received:
2023-06-04
Accepted:
2023-08-29
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-10-12
Contact:
*E-mail: huanghw@scbg.ac.cn
摘要:
本文系统地梳理了植物就地保护和迁地保护存在的问题, 尤其是因气候变化等原因导致就地保护存在的不确定性、迁地保护居群遗传多样性丧失、遗传漂变导致的一系列遗传风险等, 进而提出了植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)的概念及方法。并地保护是依据植物居群间的基因流动态规律进行保护物种的迁地保育设计, 其核心是受保护物种通过居群间花粉传播的基因流连接自然居群与迁地保护居群。并地保护就是在自然保护区等就地保护区域内或周边花粉可传播范围内, 建立植物迁地保育圃, 使迁地保护居群与自然居群之间维持基因交流, 即: 将迁地保护小居群融入自然大居群的基因池并有效维持物种的适应性进化潜能。深入的“一种一策”的花粉流检测和保育圃设计是该方法成功的关键。并地保护与其他植物保护途径相互补充, 对实现生物多样性保护具有重要意义。
冯晨, 张洁, 黄宏文 (2023) 统筹植物就地保护与迁地保护的解决方案: 植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation). 生物多样性, 31, 23184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023184.
Chen Feng, Jie Zhang, Hongwen Huang (2023) Parallel situ conservation: A new plant conservation strategy to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation of plants. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23184. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023184.
图1 江西省庐山国家级自然保护区的小叶青冈取样分布图。数字表示各居群间的平均水平距离。N: 北部居群; C: 中部居群; S: 南部居群。
Fig. 1 Geographic information of Quercus myrsinifolia sampling in Mount Lushan National Nature Reserve. Horizontal distances among populations are labeled between each population pairs. N, North population; C, Central population; S, South population.
图2 江西省庐山国家级自然保护区不同小叶青冈居群间的杂交率。箭头表示花粉传播方向, 数字表示该花粉传播方向造成的杂交率。
Fig. 2 Rate of hybridization among different Quercus myrsinifolia populations in Mount Lushan National Nature Reserve. Arrows and numbers indicate the pollen dispersal and hybridization rates.
保护策略 Conservation strategy | 保护对象 Conservation target | 保护单元 Conservation unit | 方法和依据 Method and justification | 多样性保护 Diversity conservation | 存在的主要问题 Main limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
就地保护 In situ conservation | 生态系统 Ecosystem | 群落 Community | 原生态自然过程 Natural process | α、β、γ多样性 α, β, γ diversity | 生境消失, 气候变迁 Habitat loss, climate changes |
迁地保护 Ex situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 自然栖息地以外管护 Outside habitats and controlled care | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失 Genetic diversity loss |
近地保护 Near situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 相似的气候与环境 Similar climate and environment | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失, 外在风险脆弱性 Genetic diversity loss, vulnerability to local threats |
微保护区 Micro-reserves | 片断化生态系统 Fragmented ecosystem | 群落 Community | 城市生态系统 Urban ecosystem | α和β多样性 α, β diversity | 边缘效应, 片断化 Edge effects, fragmentation |
间地保护 Inter situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 临时措施至新栖息地 Temporary measures until new habitats found | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失 Genetic diversity loss |
森林基因库 Forest gene bank | 森林树种种质 Germplasm of forest trees | 遗传材料 Genetic materials | 天然种子库 Natural seed banks | 遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | 遗传代表性不足 Limited genetic representation |
并地保护 Parallel situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 居群或物种 Population or species | 基因流及居群遗传学原理 Gene flow and population genetics | α和β多样性 α, β diversity | 受环境和自然居群因素限制 Restricted by environment and natural populations availability |
表1 野生濒危植物保护策略和方法的比较
Table 1 Comparison of strategies and methods for the conservation of endangered wild plants
保护策略 Conservation strategy | 保护对象 Conservation target | 保护单元 Conservation unit | 方法和依据 Method and justification | 多样性保护 Diversity conservation | 存在的主要问题 Main limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
就地保护 In situ conservation | 生态系统 Ecosystem | 群落 Community | 原生态自然过程 Natural process | α、β、γ多样性 α, β, γ diversity | 生境消失, 气候变迁 Habitat loss, climate changes |
迁地保护 Ex situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 自然栖息地以外管护 Outside habitats and controlled care | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失 Genetic diversity loss |
近地保护 Near situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 相似的气候与环境 Similar climate and environment | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失, 外在风险脆弱性 Genetic diversity loss, vulnerability to local threats |
微保护区 Micro-reserves | 片断化生态系统 Fragmented ecosystem | 群落 Community | 城市生态系统 Urban ecosystem | α和β多样性 α, β diversity | 边缘效应, 片断化 Edge effects, fragmentation |
间地保护 Inter situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 个体或小居群 Individuals or small population | 临时措施至新栖息地 Temporary measures until new habitats found | α多样性 α diversity | 遗传多样性丧失 Genetic diversity loss |
森林基因库 Forest gene bank | 森林树种种质 Germplasm of forest trees | 遗传材料 Genetic materials | 天然种子库 Natural seed banks | 遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | 遗传代表性不足 Limited genetic representation |
并地保护 Parallel situ conservation | 珍稀濒危类群 Rare and endangered plants | 居群或物种 Population or species | 基因流及居群遗传学原理 Gene flow and population genetics | α和β多样性 α, β diversity | 受环境和自然居群因素限制 Restricted by environment and natural populations availability |
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